ubuntu 18.04系統安裝ROS Melodic的教程


系統Ubuntu 18.04

ROS版本 Melodic

 

1. 更改ROS源

  在清華TUNA的開源庫中選擇ROS

2. 按照教程開始進行操作

  http://wiki.ros.org/melodic/Installation/Ubuntu

 

  1.1不需要進行,apt源選擇國內的鏡像源,在/etc/apt/sources.list中修改成清華apt源即可

  1.2 點擊Mirror鏈接,選擇國內鏡像

 

  選擇USTC或者清華的都可以

  1.3-1.6按照指導進行即可,在1.6第一步安裝完依賴條件后,進行初始化操作

  sudo apt install python-rosdep

  然后進行sudo rosdep init

  此時出現錯誤需要自行修改,詳見:

  https://blog.csdn.net/super_sean/article/details/105433250?utm_medium=distribute.pc_relevant_t0.none-task-blog-BlogCommendFromMachineLearnPai2-1.nonecase&depth_1-utm_source=distribute.pc_relevant_t0.none-task-blog-BlogCommendFromMachineLearnPai2-1.nonecase

  在/etc/ros/rosdep/sources.list.d/目錄下新建20-default.list,直接添加下載好的內部路徑

 

# os-specific listings first

#yaml https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/osx-homebrew.yaml osx

yaml file:///etc/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/osx-homebrew.yaml osx

# generic

#yaml https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/base.yaml

#yaml https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/python.yaml

#yaml https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/ruby.yaml

#gbpdistro https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/releases/fuerte.yaml fuerte

 

yaml file:///etc/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/base.yaml

yaml file:///etc/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/python.yaml

yaml file:///etc/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/ruby.yaml

gbpdistro file:///etc/ros/rosdistro/master/releases/fuerte.yaml fuerte

# newer distributions (Groovy, Hydro, ...) must not be listed anymore, they are being fetched from the rosdistro index.yaml instead

 

  此時再進入/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/rosdistro/__init__.py,將下載網站鏈接修改為內部路徑

#DEFAULT_INDEX_URL = 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/index-v4.yaml'

DEFAULT_INDEX_URL = 'file:///etc/ros/rosdistro/master/index-v4.yaml'

  需要的文件從下面雲盤中直接下載,解壓到/etc/ros目錄下。需要超級權限。

    鏈接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/19OCXIUgZ1RNHV33noc1auw

    提取碼: tnn9

  保存在/etc/ros/ 路徑下(用sudo cp -r ~/rosdistro /etc/ros/)

  Ubuntu中的cp命令(https://blog.csdn.net/jiangyongy/article/details/78902966

  最后執行rosdep update,完成更新升級

 

3. 設置環境變量

  echo "source /opt/ros/melodic/setup.bash" >> ~/.bashrc

  source ~/.bashrc

 

  將ros的啟動文件添加到bash中,激活bash

 

4. ROS安裝完成后運行小烏龜程序

  $roscore

  新開一個terminal,打開小烏龜窗口

  $rosrun turtlesim turtlesim_node

  新開一個terminal,打開小烏龜控制窗口,用方向鍵控制小烏龜運動

  $rosrun turtlesim turtle_teleop_key

  選中控制窗口按方向鍵即可看到小烏龜窗口中小烏龜運動

  再新開一個terminal,顯示ROS圖形化GUI,顯示節點關系

  $rosrun rqt_graph rqt_graph

  如果正常運行,說明ROS安裝成功

 

5. 其他參考

https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/149707893


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