advocate
詞源: summon[召喚], call. 有點像號召：吹號召集。
If you play devil's advocate in a discussion or debate, you pretends to disagree with someone in order to have a good discussion about something.
反詰/fǎnjié/: 反問。反證法, 'reductio ad absurdum' in Latin, " ἡ εις το αδυνατον παγωγη " in Greek，阿基米德(Archimedes)經常使用。
蘇格拉底(Socrates, Σωκράτης). "蘇格拉底方法"以師生問答的形式進行，又叫“問答法”。教學生時不直接告訴他，而是提出問題讓他回答。答錯時不是直接糾正，而是提出另外一個問題，引導學生思考。它是啟發式教學的基礎。Socrates' cross-examination digs up the assumptions and the reasoning that underlie certain claims and exposes them to scrutiny [認真仔細的檢查]. Reasoning is a process of thinking carefully about something in order to make a judgment.
lawmaker是個詞。lawyer, advocate, attorney, barrister, counsel, counsellor, solicitor都是律師。
法律基本上可分為大陸法系(civil law)和普通法系(common law)。大陸法: 1.以前案件的判例不重要; 2.用於法德日等國; 3.源於古羅馬; 普通法: 1.判例重要; 2.英聯邦諸國; 3.源於中世紀的英格蘭。此外還有教會法/寺院法/宗規法等適用於部分人群的法。
大陸法的advocate = 普通法的counsellor/lawyer，似乎偏顧問參謀
attorney: A person admitted to practice law in at least one jurisdiction and authorized to perform criminal and civil legal functions on behalf of clients. 要出庭
barrister: In English Law, an attorney who has an exclusive right of argument in all the superior courts.
counsel: An attorney or lawyer.
The term counsellor is commonly used interchangeably with attorney, [四級請閉眼] except in a few states where the terms refer to lawyers of different ranks. In such states, an attorney may become a counsellor only after practicing law for a certain designated period of time and passing an additional examination.
solicitor: A type of practicing lawyer in England who handles primarily office work. solicit是個動詞，好慘, no offence.
Priya completed her law studies LLB degree at Cambridge University (UK) graduating at the top of her class. She is licensed to practice law in 3 different countries (presumably in the United States, Great Britain and India). She is one of the lead attorneys for the biggest car company in India (based on statistics, Tata Motors), having planned an internship at a large Indian car company in 2005 when she was finishing her law degree. She goes to Toronto for a corporate merger and later helps set up a secondary derivatives market which would allow overseas car firms to hedge their investments against potential advancements in battery technology. Penny, Amy and Bernadette call her a bitch.
'LLB' is the abbreviation for the Bachelor of Laws. The degree abbreviates to 'LLB' instead of 'BL' due to the traditional name of the qualification in Latin, 'Legum Baccalaureus'. 'Legum' is the plural of 'lex', meaning law, while 'Baccalaureus' is the origin of the term 'Bachelors degree'. 這詞序，不會拉丁文比英文好學吧？
[四級請睜眼] Lawmen are men such as policemen or lawyers, whose work involves the law.