android 定位的4種方式


 

[地理位置] android 定位的幾種方式介紹  

                     開發中對於地圖及地理位置的定位是我們經常要用地,地圖功能的使用使得我們應用功能更加完善,下面 www.androidkaifa.com 總結了一下網絡中現有對於介紹android定位的幾種方式,希望對大家有幫助:                                            

android 定位一般有四種方法,這四種方式分別是:GPS定位,WIFI定准,基站定位,AGPS定位,                                             

(1) Android GPS:需要GPS硬件支持,直接和衛星交互來獲取當前經緯度,這種方式需要手機支持GPS模塊(現在大部分的智能機應該都有了)。通過GPS方式准確度是最高的,但是它的缺點也非常明顯:1,比較耗電;2,絕大部分用戶默認不開啟GPS模塊;3,從GPS模塊啟動到獲取第一次定位數據,可能需要比較長的時間;4,室內幾乎無法使用。這其中,缺點2,3都是比較致命的。需要指出的是,GPS走的是衛星通信的通道,在沒有網絡連接的情況下也能用。要實用Adnroid平台的GPS設備,首先需要添加上權限,所以需要添加如下權限:                                              

uses-permission android:name= android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION   /uses-permission                                            

具體實現代碼如下:                                             

首先判斷GPS模塊是否存在或者是開啟:                                             

private voidopenGPSSettings() {                                                     

LocationManager alm = (LocationManager)this.getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);                                                     

if (alm.isProviderEnabled(android.location.LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER)) {                                                         

Toast.makeText(this,  GPS模塊正常 ,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT) .show();                                                         

return;                                                    

 }                                                     

Toast.makeText(this,  請開啟GPS! ,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();                                                    

 Intent intent = newIntent(Settings.ACTION_SECURITY_SETTINGS);                                                    

startActivityForResult(intent,0); //此為設置完成后返回到獲取界面                                                 

}                                             

如果開啟正常,則會直接進入到顯示頁面,如果開啟不正常,則會進行到GPS設置頁面:                                             

獲取代碼如下:                                             

private voidgetLocation(){                                                     

// 獲取位置管理服務                                                    

 LocationManager locationManager;                                                    

 String serviceName = Context.LOCATION_SERVICE;                                                     

locationManager = (LocationManager)this.getSystemService(serviceName); 

// 查找到服務信息                                                     

Criteria criteria = new Criteria();                                                    

criteria.setAccuracy(Criteria.ACCURACY_FINE); // 高精度                                                     

criteria.setAltitudeRequired(false);                                                     

criteria.setBearingRequired(false);                                                     

criteria.setCostAllowed(true);                                                   

 criteria.setPowerRequirement(Criteria.POWER_LOW); // 低功耗                                                     

String provider =locationManager.getBestProvider(criteria, true); // 獲取GPS信息                                                    

Location location =locationManager.getLastKnownLocation(provider); // 通過GPS獲取位置                                                     

updateToNewLocation(location);                                                     

// 設置監聽*器,自動更新的最小時間為間隔N秒(1秒為1*1000,這樣寫主要為了方便)或最小位移變化超過N米                                                     locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(provider,100 * 1000, 500,locationListener);    

}                                             

到這里就可以獲取到地理位置信息了,但是還是要顯示出來,那么就用下面的方法進行顯示:                                             

代碼                                             

private voidupdateToNewLocation(Location location) {                                                     

TextView tv1;                                                     

tv1 = (TextView)this.findViewById(R.id.tv1);                                                     

if (location != null) {                                                         

double  latitude = location.getLatitude();                                                        

double longitude=location.getLongitude();                                                        

tv1.setText( 維度: +  latitude+  \n經度  +longitude);                                                     

} else {                                                         

tv1.setText( 無法獲取地理信息 );                                                     

}                                                 

}                                             

(2)Android 基站定位:Android 基站定位只要明白了基站/WIFI定位的原理,自己實現基站/WIFI定位其實不難。基站定位一般有幾種,第一種是利用手機附近的三個基站進行三角定位,由於每個基站的位置是固定的,利用電磁波在這三個基站間中轉所需要時間來算出手機所在的坐標;第二種則是利用獲取最近的基站的信息,其中包括基站 id,location area code、mobile country code、mobile network code和信號強度,將這些數據發送到google的定位web服務里,就能拿到當前所在的位置信息,誤差一般在幾十米到幾百米之內。其中信號強度這個數據很重要,這里筆者就不多做解釋了,直接給出一個文章,這個文章寫的非常好,http://www.cnblogs.com/rayee/archive/2012/02/02/2336101.html

 (3)Android Wifi定位:根據一個固定的WifiMAC地址,通過收集到的該Wifi熱點的位置,然后訪問網絡上的定位服務以獲得經緯度坐標。因為它和基站定位其實都需要使用網絡,所以在Android也統稱為Network方式。                                            

代碼:                                            

public classWiFiInfoManager implements Serializable {                                                 

private static final long serialVersionUID= -4582739827003032383L;                                                 

private Context context;                                                 

public WiFiInfoManager(Context context) {                                                    

super();                                                     

this.context = context;                                                 

}                                                 

public WifiInfo getWifiInfo() {                                                     

WifiManager manager = (WifiManager)context.getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);                                                     

WifiInfo info = new WifiInfo();                                                     

info.mac =manager.getConnectionInfo().getBSSID();                                                     

Log.i( TAG ,  WIFI MACis:  + info.mac);                                                     

return info;                                                 

}                                                 

public class WifiInfo {                                                     

public String mac;                                                     

public WifiInfo() {                                                         

super();                                                     

}                                                 

}                                             

}                                             

上面是取到WIFI的mac地址的方法,下面是把地址發送給google服務器,代碼如下                                             

public staticLocation getWIFILocation(WifiInfo wifi) {                                                     

if (wifi == null) {                                                         

Log.i( TAG ,  wifiis null. );                                                         

return null;                                                     

}                                                     

DefaultHttpClient client = newDefaultHttpClient();                                                     

HttpPost post = new HttpPost( http://www.google.com/loc/json );                                                     

JSONObject holder = new JSONObject();                                                     

try {                                                         

holder.put( version , 1.1.0 );                                                         

holder.put( host , maps.google.com );                                                         

JSONObject data;                                                         

JSONArray array = new JSONArray();                                                        

  if (wifi.mac != null   wifi.mac.trim().length()) {                                                             

data = new JSONObject();                                                            

data.put( mac_address , wifi.mac);                                                            

data.put( signal_strength , 8);                                                             

data.put( age , 0);                                                             

array.put(data);                                                         

}                                                         

holder.put( wifi_towers ,array);                                                         

Log.i( TAG , request json:  + holder.toString());                                                         

StringEntity se = newStringEntity(holder.toString());                                                         

post.setEntity(se);                                                         

HttpResponse resp =client.execute(post);                                                         

int state =resp.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();                                                         

if (state == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {                                                             

HttpEntity entity =resp.getEntity();                                                             

if (entity != null) {                                                                 

BufferedReader br = newBufferedReader(                                                                         

newInputStreamReader(entity.getContent()));                                                                 

StringBuffer sb = newStringBuffer();                                                                 

String resute =  ;                                                                 

while ((resute =br.readLine()) != null) {                                                                     

sb.append(resute);                                                                 

}                                                                 

br.close();                                                                 

Log.i( TAG , response json:  + sb.toString());                                                                 

data = newJSONObject(sb.toString());                                                                 

data = (JSONObject)data.get( location );                                                                 

Location loc = newLocation(                                                                        

android.location.LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER);                                                                 

loc.setLatitude((Double)data.get( latitude ));                                                                 

loc.setLongitude((Double)data.get( longitude ));                                                                

loc.setAccuracy(Float.parseFloat(data.get( accuracy ).toString()));                                                                 

loc.setTime(System.currentTimeMillis());                                                                 

return loc;                                                            

} else {                                                                 

return null;                                                             

}                                                         

} else {                                                             

Log.v( TAG , state +  );                                                             

return null;                                                         

}                                                     

} catch (Exception e) {                                                         

Log.e( TAG ,e.getMessage());                                                         

return null;                                                     

}                                                 

}

(3.1)而WIFI定位與基站定位的結合,筆者也在網上找到一個很好的文章,筆者對此就不做任何解釋,直接給出網址:                                             http://www.cnblogs.com/coffeegg/archive/2011/10/01/2197129.html                                             

(4)AGPS定位:AGPS(AssistedGPS:輔助全球衛星定位系統)是結合GSM或GPRS與傳統衛星定位,利用基地台代送輔助衛星信息,以縮減GPS芯片獲取衛星信號的延遲時間,受遮蓋的室內也能借基地台訊號彌補,減輕GPS芯片對衛星的依賴度。和純GPS、基地台三角定位比較,AGPS能提供范圍更廣、更省電、速度更快的定位服務,理想誤差范圍在10公尺以內,日本和美國都已經成熟運用AGPS於LBS服務(Location Based Service,基於位置的服務)。AGPS技術是一種結合了網絡基站信息和GPS信息對移動台進行定位的技術,可以在GSM/GPRS、WCDMA和CDMA2000網絡中使進行用。該技術需要在手機內增加GPS接收機模塊,並改造手機的天線,同時要在移動網絡上加建位置服務器、差分GPS基准站等設備。AGPS解決方案的優勢主要體現在其定位精度上,在室外等空曠地區,其精度在正常的GPS工作環境下,可以達到10米左右,堪稱目前定位精度最高的一種定位技術。該技術的另一優點為:首次捕獲GPS信號的時間一般僅需幾秒,不像GPS的首次捕獲時間可能要2~3分鍾                                                                                              

 轉自:https://blog.csdn.net/a749402932/article/details/53524722


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