advocate
词源: summon[召唤], call. 有点像号召：吹号召集。
If you play devil's advocate in a discussion or debate, you pretends to disagree with someone in order to have a good discussion about something.
反诘/fǎnjié/: 反问。反证法, 'reductio ad absurdum' in Latin, " ἡ εις το αδυνατον παγωγη " in Greek，阿基米德(Archimedes)经常使用。
苏格拉底(Socrates, Σωκράτης). "苏格拉底方法"以师生问答的形式进行，又叫“问答法”。教学生时不直接告诉他，而是提出问题让他回答。答错时不是直接纠正，而是提出另外一个问题，引导学生思考。它是启发式教学的基础。Socrates' cross-examination digs up the assumptions and the reasoning that underlie certain claims and exposes them to scrutiny [认真仔细的检查]. Reasoning is a process of thinking carefully about something in order to make a judgment.
lawmaker是个词。lawyer, advocate, attorney, barrister, counsel, counsellor, solicitor都是律师。
法律基本上可分为大陆法系(civil law)和普通法系(common law)。大陆法: 1.以前案件的判例不重要; 2.用于法德日等国; 3.源于古罗马; 普通法: 1.判例重要; 2.英联邦诸国; 3.源于中世纪的英格兰。此外还有教会法/寺院法/宗规法等适用于部分人群的法。
大陆法的advocate = 普通法的counsellor/lawyer，似乎偏顾问参谋
attorney: A person admitted to practice law in at least one jurisdiction and authorized to perform criminal and civil legal functions on behalf of clients. 要出庭
barrister: In English Law, an attorney who has an exclusive right of argument in all the superior courts.
counsel: An attorney or lawyer.
The term counsellor is commonly used interchangeably with attorney, [四级请闭眼] except in a few states where the terms refer to lawyers of different ranks. In such states, an attorney may become a counsellor only after practicing law for a certain designated period of time and passing an additional examination.
solicitor: A type of practicing lawyer in England who handles primarily office work. solicit是个动词，好惨, no offence.
Priya completed her law studies LLB degree at Cambridge University (UK) graduating at the top of her class. She is licensed to practice law in 3 different countries (presumably in the United States, Great Britain and India). She is one of the lead attorneys for the biggest car company in India (based on statistics, Tata Motors), having planned an internship at a large Indian car company in 2005 when she was finishing her law degree. She goes to Toronto for a corporate merger and later helps set up a secondary derivatives market which would allow overseas car firms to hedge their investments against potential advancements in battery technology. Penny, Amy and Bernadette call her a bitch.
'LLB' is the abbreviation for the Bachelor of Laws. The degree abbreviates to 'LLB' instead of 'BL' due to the traditional name of the qualification in Latin, 'Legum Baccalaureus'. 'Legum' is the plural of 'lex', meaning law, while 'Baccalaureus' is the origin of the term 'Bachelors degree'. 这词序，不会拉丁文比英文好学吧？
[四级请睁眼] Lawmen are men such as policemen or lawyers, whose work involves the law.