基於UGUI的框架

這個框架簡單易懂，上手就可以直接拿來用，主要是單例管理類，界面和界面之間的互相交流通過單例去實現，個人感覺不是很好，但是我特別喜歡他的管理層級非常分明。

之后會發一個廣播機制，結合上這套UI框架，但是本文主要是講這個框架，所以后話就后話說吧，話不多說上代碼

（一）UImanager：

以panel為編程單位，儲存管理panel和下級控件，向外提供接口方法，接收界面和控件主動往管理類里注冊，排查是否重復注冊以及最后銷毀等

注意：我在使用的時候發現還是有很多需要注意的問題的

1、UIManager必須游戲啟動第一時間啟動，整個游戲進程中不能銷毀的，可以給個空物體，然后dontdestory，再動態addcompnent加入

2、整個框架主體分為三個腳本，執行順序為 UIManager > UIBase > UIBehaviour,我在第一使用的時候發現，只要一加載界面就會報空，百思不其解，然后層層斷點發現執行順序的問題，UIBehaivour先執行了，導致找不到UIManager往里注冊，有點坑

3、因為字典存的是界面name，控件name，控件對象，在RegistGameObject函數中會進行一次篩選，key不能相同，也就意味着界面名字不能重復，同界面的控件名字不能重復，我在做交易列表時被這個搞得頭疼，一定要注意，加載完換個名字

using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class UIManager : MonoBehaviour
{
    Dictionary<string, Dictionary<string, GameObject>> allChild;
    public static UIManager Instance;

    private GameObject mainCanvas;
    public GameObject MainCanvas
    {
        get
        {
            if (mainCanvas == null)
            {
                mainCanvas = GameObject.FindGameObjectWithTag("MainCanvas");
            }
            return mainCanvas;
        }
    }

    public GameObject InstantiateUIPanelGameObject(string path, string endWithName = "", Transform parent = null)
    {
        if (parent == null)
        {
            parent = MainCanvas.transform;
        }
        GameObject tmpGameObj = Instantiate(Resources.Load<GameObject>(path));
        tmpGameObj.name = tmpGameObj.name.Replace("(Clone)", endWithName);
        tmpGameObj.transform.SetParent(parent,false);
        return tmpGameObj;
    }

    void Awake()
    {
        allChild = new Dictionary<string, Dictionary<string, GameObject>>();
        Instance = this;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 可以拿到字典中已經注冊過的panel下的控件
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="panelName"></param>
    /// <param name="widgeNmae"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public GameObject GetGameObject(string panelName, string widgeNmae)
    {
        if (allChild.ContainsKey(panelName))
        {
            return allChild[panelName][widgeNmae];
        }
        return null;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 反注冊，當你確定不再需要這個界面的時候，沒必要浪費空間
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="panelName"></param>
    /// <param name="widgeName"></param>
    public void UnRegistGameObject(string panelName, string widgeName)
    {
        if (allChild.ContainsKey(panelName))
        {
            if (allChild.ContainsKey(widgeName))
            {
                allChild[panelName].Remove(widgeName);
            }
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 銷毀某個panel上所有控件
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="panelName"></param>
    public void DestroyAllWidgeFormPanel(string panelName)
    {
        if (allChild.ContainsKey(panelName))
        {
            if (allChild[panelName] != null)
            {
                allChild[panelName].Clear();
            }
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 供UIBehaviour調用，UIBehaviour每個控件都會動態掛載，並且在awake里面調用，注冊自己
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="panelName"></param>
    /// <param name="widgeName"></param>
    /// <param name="widge"></param>
    public void RegistGameObject(string panelName, string widgeName, GameObject widge)
    {
        if (!allChild.ContainsKey(panelName))
        {
            allChild.Add(panelName, new Dictionary<string, GameObject>());
        }

        if (!allChild[panelName].ContainsKey(widgeName))
        {
            allChild[panelName].Add(widgeName, widge);
        }
        else
        {
            Debug.LogError(" has been registed => " + widgeName);
        }
    }

    public void CleanDic()
    {
        allChild.Clear();
    }
}

（二）UIBase：

這是一個供界面腳本繼承的基類，前面也說次框架是以panel為編程單位的，這也就是說只要你想用這套框架，只需要在panel上掛載自己寫的腳本去控制底下的所有控件即可，但是這個腳本必須繼承UIBase

這里又存在一個硬性條件，那就是panel下，你所要寫功能的控件，對象名的結尾必須_N，這是為了動態掛腳本UIBehaivour，我想這是為了讓預設體或者AB盡量減少依賴吧

在UIBase里存着panel下所有的控件，不用再去find了，避免低效，同時在UIBase里對各種控件的回調進行了二次封裝，直接調用傳參就行，這點我很喜歡，簡單粗暴

如果有需要，也可以自己拓展封裝，底層回調在UIBehaivour封裝，UIBase進行二次封裝

using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.Events;
using UnityEngine.EventSystems;
using UnityEngine.UI;

public class UIBase : MonoBehaviour
{
    public Transform[] allChild;

    private void Awake()
    {
        // 將所有的子控件 獲取到。
        allChild = gameObject.GetComponentsInChildren<Transform>();
        for (int i = 0; i < allChild.Length; i++)
        {
            //以名字區別控件，動態掛載腳本，所以必須按規范命名
            if (allChild[i].name.EndsWith("_N"))
            {
                allChild[i].gameObject.AddComponent<UIBehaviour>();
            }
        }
    }

    public virtual void OnDestroy()
    {
        UIManagerLen.Instance.DestroyAllWidgeFormPanel(transform.name);
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///  從UIManager里面拿子控件
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="widgaeName"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public GameObject GetGameObject(string widgaeName)
    {
        return UIManagerLen.Instance.GetGameObject(transform.name, widgaeName);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 為了拿到底層封裝
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="widgaeName"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public UIBehaviour GetBehavour(string widgaeName)
    {
        // 找對象
        GameObject tmpBtn = GetGameObject(widgaeName);
        if (tmpBtn)
        {
            // 拿到 UIBehavour
            UIBehaviour behavour = tmpBtn.GetComponent<UIBehaviour>();
            return behavour;
        }
        return null;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// button
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="widageName"></param>
    /// <param name="action"></param>
    public void AddButtonListen(string widageName, UnityAction action)
    {
        UIBehaviour behavour = GetBehavour(widageName);
        if (behavour)
        {
            //綁定事件
            behavour.AddButtonListener(action);
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// slider
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="widageName"></param>
    /// <param name="action"></param>
    public void AddSliderListen(string widageName, UnityAction<float> action)
    {
        UIBehaviour behavour = GetBehavour(widageName);
        if (behavour)
        {
            //綁定事件
            behavour.AddSliderListen(action);
        }
    }


    /// <summary>
    /// scroll view
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="cellName"></param>
    /// <param name="widageName"></param>
    /// <param name="action"></param>
    public void AddScrollListen(string widageName, UnityAction<Vector2> action)
    {
        UIBehaviour behavour = GetBehavour(widageName);
        if (behavour)
        {
            //綁定事件
            behavour.AddScrollListen(action);
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// dropdown
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="widageName"></param>
    /// <param name="action"></param>
    public void AddDropDownListen(string widageName, UnityAction<int> action)
    {
        UIBehaviour behavour = GetBehavour(widageName);
        if (behavour)
        {
            //綁定事件
            behavour.AddDropDownListen(action);
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// toggle
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="widageName"></param>
    /// <param name="action"></param>
    public void AddToggleListen(string widageName, UnityAction<bool> action)
    {
        UIBehaviour behavour = GetBehavour(widageName);
        if (behavour)
        {
            //綁定事件
            behavour.AddToggleListener(action);
        }
    }


    /// <summary>
    /// inputfiled
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="widageName"></param>
    /// <param name="action"></param>
    public void AddInputListen(string widageName, UnityAction<string> action)
    {
        UIBehaviour behavour = GetBehavour(widageName);
        if (behavour)
        {
            //綁定事件
            behavour.AddInputEndListen(action);
        }
    }


    /// <summary>
    /// 文本賦值
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="widageName"></param>
    /// <param name="value"></param>
    public void ChangeText(string widageName, string value)
    {
        UIBehaviour behavour = GetBehavour(widageName);
        if (behavour)
        {
            //綁定事件
            behavour.ChangeText(value);
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 圖片點擊
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="widageName"></param>
    /// <param name="action"></param>
    public void AddPointClick(string widageName, UnityAction<BaseEventData> action)
    {
        UIBehaviour behavour = GetBehavour(widageName);
        if (behavour)
        {
            behavour.AddInterfaceLisenter(EventTriggerType.PointerClick, action);
        }
    }


    /// <summary>
    /// 圖片拖拽 開始，正在拖，結束
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="widageName"></param>
    /// <param name="action"></param>
    public void AddBeginDrag(string widageName, UnityAction<BaseEventData> action)
    {
        UIBehaviour behavour = GetBehavour(widageName);
        if (behavour)
        {
            behavour.AddInterfaceLisenter(EventTriggerType.BeginDrag, action);
        }
    }
    public void AddOnDrag(string widageName, UnityAction<BaseEventData> action)
    {
        UIBehaviour behavour = GetBehavour(widageName);
        if (behavour)
        {
            behavour.AddInterfaceLisenter(EventTriggerType.Drag, action);
        }
    }
    public void AddEndDrag(string widageName, UnityAction<BaseEventData> action)
    {
        UIBehaviour behavour = GetBehavour(widageName);
        if (behavour)
        {
            behavour.AddInterfaceLisenter(EventTriggerType.EndDrag, action);
        }
    }


    /// <summary>
    /// 更換圖片
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="widageName"></param>
    /// <param name="value"></param>
    public void SetImage(string widageName, Sprite value)
    {
        UIBehaviour subManager = GetBehavour(widageName);
        if (subManager)
        {
            subManager.GetComponent<Image>().sprite = value;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 獲取圖片
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="widageName"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public Image GetImage(string widageName)
    {
        UIBehaviour behavour = GetBehavour(widageName);
        if (behavour)
        {
            return behavour.GetImage();
        }
        return null;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 拿到text組件的值
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="widageName"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public string GetText(string widageName)
    {
        UIBehaviour behavour = GetBehavour(widageName);
        if (behavour)
        {
            return behavour.GetText();
        }
        return null;
    }
}

（三）UIBehaivour：

這個腳本就是動態掛載各個控件上的腳本，作用只有兩個

1、向UIManager注冊，接受管理

2、底層回調封裝，供UIBase調用從而進行二次封裝后直接使用  如果需要拓展也是從這里開始

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.UI;
using UnityEngine.Events;
using UnityEngine.EventSystems;


public class UIBehaviour : MonoBehaviour
{
    UIBase tmpBase;
    private void Awake()
    {
        tmpBase = gameObject.GetComponentInParent<UIBase>();//找到父類，也就是panel

        UIManagerLen.Instance.RegistGameObject(tmpBase.name, transform.name, gameObject);//向管理類注冊自己
    }

    private void OnDestroy()
    {
        UIManagerLen.Instance.UnRegistGameObject(tmpBase.name, gameObject.name);
    }

    #region UGUI各種控件的回調封裝
    public void AddButtonListener(UnityAction action)//按鈕回調封裝
    {
        Button tmpBtn = gameObject.GetComponent<Button>();
        if (tmpBtn) tmpBtn.onClick.AddListener(action);
    }
    public void AddSliderListen(UnityAction<float> action)//滾動條回調封裝
    {
        Slider tmpBtn = gameObject.GetComponent<Slider>();
        if (tmpBtn) tmpBtn.onValueChanged.AddListener(action);
    }
    public void AddDropDownListen(UnityAction<int> action)//下拉框回調封裝
    {
        Dropdown tmpBtn = gameObject.GetComponent<Dropdown>();
        if (tmpBtn) tmpBtn.onValueChanged.AddListener(action);
    }
    public void AddScrollListen(UnityAction<Vector2> action)//滾動框回調封裝
    {
        ScrollRect tmpBtn = gameObject.GetComponent<ScrollRect>();
        if (tmpBtn) tmpBtn.onValueChanged.AddListener(action);
    }
    public void AddToggleListener(UnityAction<bool> action)
    {
        Toggle tmpToggle = gameObject.GetComponent<Toggle>();
        if (tmpToggle) tmpToggle.onValueChanged.AddListener(action);
    }
    public void AddInputEndListen(UnityAction<string> action)//輸入框回調封裝
    {
        InputField tmpBtn = GetComponent<InputField>();
        if (tmpBtn) tmpBtn.onEndEdit.AddListener(action);
    }
    public void ChangeText(string value)//改變文本的接口
    {
        Text tmpBtn = gameObject.GetComponent<Text>();
        if (tmpBtn) tmpBtn.text = value;
    }
    public Image GetImage()//如果控件是圖片，提供獲取圖片的接口
    {
        Image tmpBtn = gameObject.GetComponent<Image>();
        return tmpBtn;
    }
    public string GetText()//如果控件是文本，提供獲取文本的接口
    {
        Text tmpBtn = gameObject.GetComponent<Text>();
        return tmpBtn.text;
    }
    #endregion

    /// <summary>
    /// 用代碼動態添加接口事件
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="action"></param>
    public void AddInterfaceLisenter(EventTriggerType triger, UnityAction<BaseEventData> action)
    {

        EventTrigger trigger = gameObject.GetComponent<EventTrigger>();

        if (trigger == null)
            trigger = gameObject.AddComponent<EventTrigger>();

        EventTrigger.Entry entry = new EventTrigger.Entry();
        //綁定哪個接口
        entry.eventID = triger;

        entry.callback = new EventTrigger.TriggerEvent();

        entry.callback.AddListener(action);

        trigger.triggers.Add(entry);
    }
}

(四)使用：

繼承，調用就行了，簡單示例一下

 

 

總結：

這個框架有優點，也有缺點

優點是層級管理分明，分工明確，封裝之后調用簡單方便

缺點界面和界面的交流，以及模塊和模塊之間的交流，耦合性還是不能很好的解決

有時間會寫一套廣播機制，配合着使用，已達到盡可能解耦的效果