從句
1.為什么要學從句?
- 可以幫助在寫作和翻譯時做到游刃有余,加快閱讀速度;
- 當我們修飾一個人或物時,如果只有一個形容詞有時會顯得太過乏力;
- 當簡單句中的6個成分要用句子扮演時,就有了從句;
2.從句連詞
主從句之間如何連接?| 使用從句的連接詞;
從句連詞
- 1.別丟了;
- 2.當腦袋(放在從句的左邊)
學從句就是學連詞;
3.從句分為:
- 主角從句;
- 定語從句;
- 同位語從句;
主角從句(主賓表)
主角從句--->主/賓/表語從句,刪去則主句不完整。
主角從句連詞
配角連詞
- that,無語義,不起作用;
- whether,連接從句的同時起“是否”的含義;
- whether和if一般不能替換,為了避免出錯,當需要用"是否"連接從句時可以只用whether;
1. that
The fact is that you are right.
我特點相信:你愛我。
I do believe that you love me.
問題是:你錯了。
The problem is that you are wrong.
2. whether/if
The problem is whether you are right. // 表語從句
我不知道:你是否愛我。
I don't know whether you love me. // 賓語從句
3. whether/if 辨析
主語從句位於句首:不用if; If we need is it a different matter. //錯誤 賓語從句中有 or not:不用if; It doesn't matter if she will come or not. //錯誤 表語從句:不用if; The problem is if we need it. //錯誤 不定式:不用if; I don't know if to go or not. //錯誤
主角連詞
- 缺主語用who,缺賓語用whom;
- 從句里缺東西,統一用what;
- 從句里缺時間地點原因,用when/where/why;
1. who/whom:缺人
Who laughs last laughs best. // 主語從句
Whom i trust is you. // 主語從句
愛我的人:是你。
Who loves me is you. // Sb loves me is you. sb在這里做主語,用who的主語形式
我愛的人:是你。
Whom i love is you. // I love whom is you. sb在這里做賓語,用who的賓語形式
缺主語用who,缺賓語用whom;
2. what:缺物
What i love is music. // i love what is music.
3. when / where / why / how:缺狀語
I forget where i met you. // 賓語從句
告訴我:你為什么愛他?
Tell me why you love him.
主語從句
Who dares wins. // 勇者勝。
不會翻譯的時候,將連接詞還原回從句,從左往右,順着翻。
that 主語從句
一句話做主語,那么這句話就是主語從句。
- 有的時候看句子,不是一個名詞作主語,也不是一個代詞做主語,根據意思判斷是一句話做主語,那么這句話就是主語從句。
- that引導的主語從句是不缺東西的,但因為如果將that去掉,整句話就會出現一個以上的動詞,所以不能去掉that;
1.置於句首
That you will pass the CET is an undoubeted fact.
2.置於句末
It's clear that he is a college student.
你掌握語法是可能的
It's possible that you master grammer.
you master program is possible. //錯誤的 that you master is possible. //80分翻譯 It is possible that you master grammer. //標准翻譯
3.置於句末(被動式)
it's reported/believed that...
據報道,今年中國快遞服務將遞送大約120億件包裹。
It's reported that this year, China's courier service will deliver approximately 12 billion packages.
眾所周知,眼見為實。 // 眼見為實是眾所周知的。
seeing is believing is well known. // 錯誤
that seeing is believing is well known.
It is well known that seeing is believing.
以上,that從句,常用於翻譯寫作,功能句,
要求:寫作翻譯題時能有意識的利用;
以下,會翻譯或者讀懂即可,不用會寫。
賓語從句
1.在及物動詞后作賓語(that可省)
I learned that love, no time, heals all wounds.
I believe what you believe. // I believe (you believe what ).
2.在介詞后做賓語
We are in agreement with what you say. // We are in agreement with (you say what).
表語從句
表語:置於系動詞(be)之后,解釋,描述主語。
Loving is watching films with you. // 是主系表結構,但不是表語從句,只是簡單句。
You are what you repeatedly do. // You are (you repeatedly do what).
問題在於你是否真的愛我。
The problem is whether you love me.
This is what i've alaways wanted to talk to you: xxx. // This is (i've alaways wanted to talk what to you: xxx).
定語從句
- 定語修飾名詞,定語從句也修飾名詞;
- 定語從句永遠放在它修飾的名詞后面;
- 定語從句刪去不影響主句完整;
長的定語放后面
定語從句連詞
1.who/whom 修飾人
I love the girl who is a artist.
2.which/that 修飾物
I love Sichuan Cuisine which/that you recommend.
只能用that的情況:
- 1.先行詞為不定代詞 everything/all/nothing 等;
- 2.先行詞被all/no/only/just等強調;
- 3.先行詞為數字,序數詞,最高級;
- 4.先行詞包含人或物;
- 5.先行詞在從句中做表語;
不定代詞:不確定具體某人某物的代詞;
示例:聽說你談戀愛了? 誰說的,不知道誰說的。
只能用which的情況:
- 1.引導非限;
- 2.介詞+which;
- 3.前有that定從;
- 4.先行詞為that;
當定語從句修飾的不是一個人,不是一個物,而是一句話的時候,就是非限定從,連接詞只能用which;
eg:I love the girl, which is true;
3.which 修飾句子
I love the girl, which is true. // 我喜歡這個女孩,是真的。
I love the girl who is beaytiful. // 我喜歡這個漂亮的女孩。 // 定語從句,修飾人,不是修飾句子
非限定從與聽力考試
如果聽力中出現了非限定從,那么非限定從那句話就是重點;非限定從前面一個時間,后面出現一個時間,那么就選后面的那個時間。
非限定從與寫譯
中國的經濟正快速發展,這讓漢語在全世界范圍內很受歡迎;
economy is developing, which makes Chinese popular.
Never do anything that cannot be on the front page.
Suggested admission: The amount you pay is up to you. // Suggested admission: The amount (that you pay) is up to you.
狀語從句
- 時間 when while as after before until
- 地點 where
- 原因 because for as since
- 目的 (so) that ; in order that
- 結果 so...that...
- 條件 if
- 讓步 while although
- 方式 When in rome, do as the Romans do.
狀語從句比較簡單,不細講;
- 定語=穿什么衣服出門;
- 狀語=出門的狀態;
同位語從句
同位語放在名詞后面,去解釋這個名詞;
- 完整句,刪去不影響主句完整;
同從有很多個連詞,但四六級考察的,只需要知道that連接詞;
同從特點:
- 1.連接詞(只需要)用that;
- 2.從句是完整的;
- 3.同從緊緊地跟在名詞后面,他們之間是等於的關系;
I cling to the idea that you are right. // I cling to the idea 我認為
我們得出結論:眼見為實。
We draw a conclusion that seeing is believing.
裸看法
三脫 | 簡化長難句,突出句子主干,體改閱讀速度
一.脫掉 逗號,破折號內的插入語; 二.脫掉 介詞短語以及 to do不定式; 三.脫掉從句 | 連接詞(或介詞+which)為頭,從句內的第二個動詞前為尾,掐頭去尾;
三.脫掉從句 | 連接詞(或介詞+which)為頭,從句內的第二個動詞前為尾,掐頭去尾;
脫從句
在連接詞前面畫一根豎線,在第二個動詞畫一條豎線,去掉兩個豎線中間的; 如果脫從句時,沒有第二個動詞,就直接將整個從句脫掉;
脫從句語法示例:
content1 | which(引導的從句) content2 v(第一個動詞) content3 | v(第二個動詞) --->
content1 v(第二個動詞)
脫從句示例1:
Everything that has a begin has a end. --->
Everything | that has a begin | has a end. --->
Everything has a end. // 主干
脫從句示例2:
That which does not kill us makes us stronger. --->
That | which does not kill us | makes us stronger. --->
That makes us stronger. // 主干
組合脫:
- 1.脫插入語
- 2.脫介短/to do
- 3.脫從句
(找到主干)脫的時候按照上面的順序脫,(理解整句)穿的時候按照上面的逆序去理解句子;
裸看法綜合示例
裸看法與選詞填空
Many patients also ___ better understanding of the illnesses that landed them in the hospital in the first place. --->
Many patients also ___ better understanding of the illnesses that landed them in the hospital in the first place. --->
Many patients also ___ better understanding of the illnesses that landed them in the hospital in the first place. --->
Many patients also ___ better understanding of the illnesses that landed them in the hospital in the first place. --->
Many patients also ___ better understanding of the illnesses | that landed them in the hospital in the first place. // 沒有第二個動詞,直接划掉整句 --->
Many patients also ___ better understanding。// 主干
由此可見,這里缺一個動詞, 根據后面的landed,判斷是v-ed形式。