耿建超英語語法---狀語從句


1 狀語從句介紹

1.1 九大狀語從句

1.2 九大狀語從句的連詞

1.3 狀語從句的時態

2 時間狀語從句

2.1 when while as

  這三個都是表示“當什么什么的時候”,區別如下:

注:長:表示動作可以延續;短:表示動作不可以延續。

舉例:

(1)他逛商場時看到他了---i saw him when / while / as he was shopping.===when / while / as he was shopping,i saw him.(從句提前需要加逗號)(主短從長

(2)我睡覺的時候他在看電視---he was watching TV while i was sleeping.(主長從長

(3)他進來時我正在吃飯---i was eating when/as he came in.(主長從短

(4)我看到他時他就跑了---he ran away when/as i saw him.(主短從短:一般用as

(5)我到機場的時候,飛機已經起飛了---when i arrived at airport,the airplane had taken off.(動作有先后,只能用when;arrive是不及物動詞,后接小地點用at,大地點用in

(6)他焦慮的時候都會抽煙---he smokes when he gets anxious.(表習慣用when)

(7)趁人打鐵---strike while iron is hot.(表趁機,用while)

(8)當他是小孩的時候,他喜歡打籃球---when/as a child,he liked playing basketball.(when/as + 名詞--->構成省略;前提:主句從句的主語必須一致

(9)當學習英語的時候,他真的很享受---when/while studying english,he really enjoys it.(when/while + 分詞--->構成省略;前提:主句從句的主語必須一致

注:

(1)as 除了表示“當什么什么時候”的意思,還表示“邊...邊...

  • 這小孩邊走邊唱---the kid sang as he walked.

(2)as 除了表示“當什么什么時候”的意思,還表示“隨着

  • 隨着時間的流逝,我們都知道了很多---as time went by,we learned a lot of things.

(3)while 除了表示“當什么什么時候”的意思,還表示“兩者之間作對比

  • 我喜歡喝咖啡而他卻喜歡喝茶---i like coffee while he likes tea.

(4)while 除了表示“當什么什么時候”的意思,還表示“雖然

  • 雖然我承認他不完美,但我喜歡這個人---while i admit that he is not perfect,i really like this person.

(5)補充一個句型:當...的時候,某人正在...

  • sb was doing sth/was about to do sth when....

2.2 whenever 

  whenever表示“不管什么時候”,一般都用一般現在時。

舉例:不管你什么時候來,我們都歡迎。

  • whenever you come,we will welcome you.(welcome:這里是動詞的用法,表示“歡迎”
  • whenever you come,you are always welcome.(welcome:這里是形容詞的用法,表示“受歡迎的”

2.3 before  after

  before表示“在...之前”;after表示“在...之后”。

舉例:

(1)說話之前要動腦---think before you speak.

(2)他完成作業后就走了---he left after he finished his homework.

注:

(1)這個時候,可能有人覺得奇怪,上邊這個句子動作有時間上的先后,為什么不用過去完成時呢?原因是:當兩件事特別緊接着發生的時候或者特別明顯,已經知道什么先什么后,這個時候可以不用過去完成時。(還需要注意中文里是否有“已經...”)

(2)before除了“在...之前”的意思,還表示“還沒來得及干啥

  • 我還沒有來得及說他就沖出了廁所---he rushed the room before i could said anything.

(3)before除了“在...之前”的意思,還表示“以免

  • 趕緊做以免你忘了---do it quickly before you forget.

(4)it will (not)be + 一段時間 + before(表示“(不)需要一段時間才能”)

  • 你得花3天才能看完這部電影---it will be three days before you finish his movie.(主將從現

(5)it was (not)+ 一段時間 +before(表示“一段時間后才...”)

  • 十年后人們才知道真相---it was ten years before people realized the truth.

(6)時間段 + pass/go by + before sb know/realize...(表示“一段時間后才...”)

  • 過了一年我們才知道---a year went by/passed before we realized the truth.

2.4 since once

  since 表示“自從”,主句肯定現在完成時,從句肯定一般過去時;once表示“一旦”。

舉例:

(1)自從你走后,我一直待在北京---i have beeb in beijing since you left.(since這里是連詞

(2)自從2002年以后我就再也沒有見過他---i have never seen him since the year of two thousand and two.(since這里是介詞

2.5 until till

  until till 都表示“直到”的意思,都可以作連詞或者介詞。

舉例:

(1)我一直工作到他回來---i worked until/till he came back.(連詞

(2)我得學到明年---i need to learn until/till the next year.(介詞

(3)他爸爸回來他才睡---he did not sleep until/till his father came back.(否定句;連詞

(4)我昨天才知道這件事---i knew this thing until/till yesterday.(否定句;介詞

注:

(1)在否定句中,可以用倒裝的形式代替,這時只能用until,不能用till。

  • 他爸爸回來他才睡---not until his father came back did he sleep.(主句主語與時表詞換位置

(2)在否定句中,可以用強調句的形式代替,這時候只能用until,不能用till。

  • 他爸爸回來他才睡---it was not until his father came back that he slept.

(3)在肯定句中,將連詞放在句首的時候,只能用until,不能用till

  • 我一直工作到他回來---until he came back,i worked.

2.6 as soon as --->no sooner than

  上邊的所有的詞都表示“一...就...”。

舉例:他一到家就給我打了電話。

  • he called me as soon as he got home.
  • he called me the moment / the minute / the instant / the second he got home.(這四個不是連詞,但這里可以連接兩個句子,表示“一瞬間”)
  • he called me immediately / instantly / directly he got home.(這三個不是連詞,但這里可以連接兩個句子,表示“直接/瞬間/直接”)
  • he called me on his getting home.

注:下邊兩個句型也表示一...就...

  • hardly / scarcely...when
  • no sooner...than

舉例:我剛到家電話鈴就響了。

  • i had hardly / scarcely got home when the phone rang.
  • hardly / scarcely had i got home when the phone rang.(倒裝形式:主句主語與時表詞換位置;與上述表達等價
  • i had no sooner got home than the phone rang.
  • no sooner had i got home than the phone rang.(倒裝形式:主句主語與時表詞換位置;與上述表達等價

2.7 every time--->the first/second/third/last time

舉例:

(1)每一次我有困難他就會來幫我---every time / each time i am in troble,he comes to help me.

(2)下次來的時候記得帶上你的兒子---remember to take your son with you next time you come.(主將從現)

(3)任何時候你想來就來---you are welcome any time / all the time you want to come.

(4)他回來的時候,天已經黑了---it had got dark by the time he came back.(by the time表示“到...時間”;主句用過去完成時

(4)我第一次見他的時候,他還是個小孩---he was a kid the first time i saw him.

3 地點狀語從句

where        wherever(不管什么地方)     any where(任何地方)

舉例:

(1)我的書在我原來放的地方找到了---i found my book where i put it.

(2)我們應該去需要我們的地方---we should go where we are needed.

(3)不管你在哪,我都會在這等你---where /any where you are , i will be here waiting for you.

注:補充一個句型“where there be ... , there be...”表示“有...的地方就有...

舉例:有水的地方就有船---where there is water,there is a boat.

4 原因狀語從句

4.1 because  for

  because 與 for 都表示“因為”,用法幾乎一樣,because可以放在句首,for不能放在句首。

舉例:我昨天沒有來因為我生病了

  • i did not come yesterday because / for i was ill.
  • because i was ill,i did not come yesterday.

4.2 because  as

  because后面的原因我不說你可能不知道;as表原因比較弱,大家都知道的,或者說話對方都知道的。

舉例:因為昨天天氣太冷了,我就呆在家里了---as the weather is too cold yesterday i stayed at home.

4.3 since

  since 表示“既然”。

舉例:既然大家都到了,那我們就開始吧---since everybody is here,let's start.

4.4 seeing that

  表示“看到”。

舉例:他看到她不高興了,就不說話了---seeing that she was unhappy,he stopped talking.

4.5 now that

  表示“現在既然”。

舉例:現在既然你把所有的東西都准備好了,我們可以開始了---now that you get everything ready , we can start.

4.6 considering that

  表示“考慮到”。

舉例:考慮到他不會回來了,我就把門鎖了---considering that he would not come back , i locked the door.

4.7 given that

  被給(某一情況),即已知某種情況。

舉例:

在他們沒有什么工作經驗的情況下,他們已經做得不錯了---given that they have no much working experience,they have done a good job.

5 方式狀語從句

as(像)  the way(以...方式)  as if(好像)  as though(好像)

舉例:

(1)按照我教你的畫一只貓---draw a cat as / the way i taught you.

(2)他說英語好像外國人---he speaks english as if /as though he were foreigner.(虛擬語氣)

(3)他把行李拿來好像今天不會走了---he brought the luggage as if /as though he will not leave today.

6 條件狀語從句

舉例:

(1)如果你不快點,我們就會錯過飛機---if you do not hurry (up) ,we will miss the airplane.

注:上述也有虛擬語氣的造法,參考虛擬語氣

(2)可能的話,明天來---if (it is) possible ,come here tomorrow.(主 + 系 + 表 且從句主語是it,可以省略 it be

(3)除非我們定最早的航班,不然我們不能按時到哪---unless we book the earliest flight,we can't get there on time.

(4)只要你有顆熱愛生活的心,每天都有驚喜---as long as you love life , everyday is a surprise.

(5)他會來,條件是沒有人要他喝酒---he will come on condition that noone asks him to drink.

(6)假設他願意帶你出國,你會去嗎?

  • suppose/supposing (that) he is willing to take you abroad ,will you go ?(正常語氣
  • suppose/supposing (that) he were to take you abroad ,will you go ?(虛擬語氣

(7)萬一你有困難,打給我---call me in case you are in trouble.

7 比較狀語從句

  都是修飾形容詞或者副詞。其中(not)as...as 表示“和...一樣”,否定的時候,前邊的as可以用so代替,表示“不如...一樣”;the same as 表示“和...一模一樣”;比較級 + than 表示“比...更...”;the + 比較級...the + 比較級 表示“越...越...”.。

 

舉例:

(1)他和她一樣高。

  • he is as tall as she is.(前一個as是副詞,表示“一樣”;后一個as是連詞
  • he is as tall as her.(前一個as是副詞,表示“一樣”;后一個as是介詞

(2)他不如她高---he is not as/so tall as she is.

(3)他和她工作一樣努力---he works as hard as he works/does.

(4)你的車跟我的一樣---your car is the same as mine.(as是介詞

(5)這塊表跟我丟的一樣---this watch is the same as i lost.(as是連詞

(6)電腦比電視更有意思---computer is more interesting than TV(than 是介詞

(7)他比他吃的多---he eats more than him=he eats more than he eats = he eats more than he does。(后兩個than是連詞

(8)你學的越多越想學---the more you learn the more you want to learn.

(9)你學的越努力進步就會越大---the harder you learn the more progress you will make.(實際是兩個句子,只是謂語后面的提前了

補充:他們家的房子比我們的房子大三倍

  • their house is three times bigger than ours.
  • thier house is as four times big as ours.

8 讓步狀語從句

  though,although,as,while表示“雖然”;even if , even though 表示“即使,就算”;no matter + 疑問詞 = 疑問詞 + ever 表示“不管,不論”;wether表示“不管,不論”。

8.1 though although

  1. though 多用於口語;引導的從句可前可后;可以倒裝也可以不倒裝;除了做連詞,還可以作副詞。
  2. although 多用於書面語,稍微正式一點;引導的從句只能放在前邊。
  3. 兩個經常與“yet,still,nevertheless”連用。

舉例:

(1)雖然他很富有,然而他並不快樂。

  • though/although he is rich,nevertheless he is not happy.
  • rich though he is ,he is not happy.(倒裝)
  • he is not happy,he is rich though.(though作副詞)

8.2 while

  while 表示“雖然”的意思,不太常用。

雖然他很富有,然而他不快樂---while he is rich , he is not happy.

8.3 as

  as必須使用部分倒裝,部分倒裝指“將表語或者狀語或者賓語或者動詞放在前邊”,對though的倒裝也適用。

舉例:

(1)雖然他很富有,然而他不快樂---rich as he is , he is not happy.(表語提前

(2)雖然他工作很努力,但他沒有取得任何進步---hard as he works , he did not  make any progress.(狀語提前

(3)盡管他承諾他會來,他還是沒來---that he will come as he promised , he did not come yet.(賓語提前

(4)盡管他努力去想,可他什么都不記得。

  • think as he tried hard to , he did not remenber anything.(動詞提前
  • hard as he tried to think , he did not remember anything.(狀語提前

8.4 even if  even though

  有兩種用法,一是:正常用法;二是:虛擬語氣,參照前邊

舉例:即使他知道,他也不會告訴你---even if / even though he knows , he will not tell you.(正常用法)

8.5 no matter + 疑問詞 = 疑問詞 + ever

舉例:不管別人說什么,做你想做的---enen if / even though he knew , he would not tell you.

8.6 wether

舉例:不管你喜歡不喜歡,你都的做---wether you like it (or not), you need to do it.

9 目的狀語從句

舉例:

(1)我會慢慢跑,那樣你就能趕上我---i will run slowly , so (that)you can catch up with me.

(2)為了早點到那,我們坐的飛機---in order that we can get there early , we took the airplane.

(3)請你明天在提醒我下,以免我忘了---please remind me tomorrow again in case i forget it.

10 結果狀語從句

  兩者都表示“太...以至於...”;其中在so...that...中,so后面可以接形容詞或者名詞;在such...that...中,such后面只能接名詞。

舉例:

(1)他太小還不能上學---he is so young that he can't go to school.(形容詞)

(2)他吃了那么多西瓜,結果現在感覺不舒服---he ate so much watermelon that he does not feel well.(名詞)

(3)這個男孩太小還不能上學---he is such a little boy that he can't go to school.

 


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