1 非謂語動詞作狀語
對比狀語從句來記憶:
2 不定式作狀語
(1)不定式作目的狀語(to ,in order to(為了) ,so as to (這樣))
舉例:
- 我是來看你的---i came here to see you.
- 為了能趕上第一班公車,他起的很早---in order to catch the first bus,he got up very early.
- 他彎下腰去撿筆---he bent down so as to pick up the pen.
(2)不定式作原因狀語(to)
一般都是主系表結構,且表語是人的情緒。舉例:見到你我很開心---i am glad to see you.
(3)不定式作結果狀語
- to 這位年輕人非常願意幫助我---this young man is very pleasure to help me.
- so..as to/such...as to(太...以至於...)
你能行行好借我點錢嗎---could you please be so kind as to lend me some money.
你能行行好借我點錢嗎---could you please be such kind man as to lend me some money.
- only to(有點驚訝,譯為“結果卻是”) 我要開門,卻發現門是鎖住了---i am going to open the door only to find it was locked inside.
- too...to(太...以至於不能...) 他太年輕了以至於不能上學---he is too young to go to school.
- enough...to(足夠的) 他很勇敢,敢在晚上一個人出門---he is brave enough to go out alone at night.
3 分詞作狀語
再講每個具體的狀語之前,首先介紹一點細節:
- 用分詞作狀語時,要首先判斷是主動還是被動
- 當表示有明顯的先后順序且是主動的時候,用“having done”;當表示有明顯的先后順序且是被動的時候,用“having been done”。
- 否定直接在分詞前加“not”
(1)分詞作時間狀語
- 用了很長時間之后,這本書顯得很舊---used it for a long time,the book looked very old.
- 用這本書的時候,我發現它很有用---using this book , i found it was very useful.
第二句也可以這樣表述:when using this book , i found it was very useful.這是因為分詞既可以用作時間狀語,也可以用作其他狀語,加上連接詞能更加具體一點,上邊兩種表述都是正確的。
(2)分詞作原因狀語
- 沒有地方去,那個人就在街上閑逛---having no place to go ,that man wandered on the street.
(3)分詞作條件狀語
- 多給點時間,他就能做的更好---given more time , he can do it better.
(4)分詞作讓步狀語
- 那么努力工作,他還是失敗了---working so hard , he failed.
(5)分詞作結果狀語
- 他回家很晚,讓他的爸爸很生氣---he got home late making his father angry.
(6)分詞作方式狀語
- 他看着窗外,好像在思考---he is looking through window,as if thinking.(不加上連詞還能理解成伴隨狀語,加上就具體了)
(7)分詞作伴隨狀語
- 他進來了,后面跟着他的女兒---he came in followed by his daught.
- 老師跟着學生進來了---the teacher came in following students.