1 什么是非謂語動詞
注:
(1)從句是完成的句子,非謂語動詞不是完整的句子。
(2)動名詞doing 強調的是名詞,分詞doing 強調的是動作。
(3)其余的7種為“主語,賓語,表語,補語,定語,狀語,同位語”,但是並不是說非謂語的三種形式都可以作7種句子成分,具體如下:
2 非謂語動詞作主語
不定式與動名詞作主語的區別:
2.1 不定式作主語(有頭重腳輕的現象)
舉例:
(1)坐公車去學校會花我們一個小時。
- to go to school by bus will take us one hour.
- it will take us one hour to go to school by bus
可能有人會問,為什么不用主語從句呢,因為中文的句子是“坐公車去學校”而不是“我們坐公車去學校”,句子不完整,所以用的非謂語動詞,當然,有時候就算有主語,句子完整,也可以用非謂語動詞的形式,具體的見動名詞作主語。(動名詞前邊加形容詞性物主代詞)
(2)去見他讓我很激動。
- to see him excited me.
- it is excited me to see him.
(3)學好英語需要耐心。
- to learn english well needs patience.
- it needs patience to learn english well.
(4)幫助需要幫助的人是我們的職責。
- to help those who need help is our duty.
- it is our duty to help those who need help .
(5)十點之前完成作業對我來說很容易。
- to finish homework by ten o'clock is easy for me.
- it is is easy for me to finish homework by ten o'clock.
(6)他真笨問這個問題。
- to ask this question is stupid of him. (這種表達太不常見了,記住這個句型就好“it is adj of sb to do sth”,其中of sb 指某人的特質)
- it is stupid of him to ask this question.
2.2 動名詞作主語(一般沒有頭重腳輕的現象)
舉例:
(1)學習能改變你的未來---studying can change your future.
(2)學英語沒有那么難---learning english is not so diffcult.
(3)他整晚的工作導致了他感冒了。
- that he worked for the whole night caused him a cold.
- his working for the whole night caused him a cold.(句子完整,用非謂語動詞的形式)
(4)這個時候抱怨沒有用---it is no use complaining.
注:第四條是動名詞做主語的特殊用法,除了“no use”,還有下邊常見的幾個詞: