英語總結(十三)——倒裝


倒裝

完全倒裝

定義

完全倒裝是把句子的主謂語序完全顛倒過來,把謂語移到主語前面。

主要用法

1. 在存現句中,謂語是be, exist, appear, come, happen, lie, live, occur, remain, seem, stand, used to 等動詞時,要用完全倒裝。
There are some books and a pen on the desk.
桌子上有幾本書和一支筆。
There will be a football match this afternoon.
今天下午將有一場足球比賽。
There lies a beautiful small town at the foot of the mountain.
在山腳下有一座美麗的小鎮。
John opened the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before.
J打開門,那里站着一個他以前從未見過的女孩。

2. 當表地點或方位的副詞或介詞、介詞短語放在句首時,要用完全倒裝。
Near the church was an old ruined cottage.
教堂附近有一個破舊不堪的小屋。
Inside the garden grow a variety of flowers.
花園里長着各種各樣的花。
Away flew the brid.
鳥兒飛走了。
Look! Here comes the bus.
Oh, here it comes.
瞧!公交車來了。
噢,它來了。
Listen! There goes the bell.
Oh, there it goes.
聽!鈴響了。
噢,它響了。

3. 在一些固定句型中,以now, then, thus 開頭的句子也要用完全倒裝結構。
Now comes your turn to answer the teacher's question.
(= It's your turn to answer the reacher's question now.)
現在輪到你回答老師的問題了。
For a moment nothing happened. Then came voices all shouting tegether.
一直瞬間什么也沒發生。接下來傳來了一起大喊的聲音。
Thus began the reform.
就這樣開始了改革。

4. 以 such 開頭的句子用完全倒裝的結構。
Such were his words. (= Such was what he said.)
他就是這樣說的。

5. 表語置於句首時,倒裝結構為 “表語 + 連系動詞 + 主語”。此時謂語和其后的主語保持一致。
Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests.
出席會議的有 W, S 教授,和許多其他客人。(形容詞前置)
Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.
他們對中國人願意做什么就做什么的年代過去了。(過去分詞前置)
In the box were some cats.
箱子里是幾只貓。

6. 用於表示祝願的句型。
Long live the emperor.
皇帝萬歲。

部分倒裝

定義

把謂語的一部分如助動詞放、情態動詞或系動詞 be 放在主語之前,如果句中沒有助動詞或情態動詞,那么需要借助 do, does, did,並置於主語之前。

主要用法

1. 疑問句中的倒裝
Can't you just wear a flower instead?
難道你就不可以戴朵花來代替嗎?

> 特殊疑問句中,如果疑問詞做主語或者修飾主語,不需要倒裝。
Who invented the telephone, do you know?

2. only 修飾副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句放在句首,only 起強調作用。
Only then did I realize that I was wrong.
直到那時,我才知道我錯了。
Only in this way can you learn from your friends.
只有用這種方式,你才能向你的朋友們學習。

> only 修飾狀語從句,從句不倒裝,主句倒裝。
Only when he reached the tea-house did he realize it was the same place he'd been in last year.
直到他到了茶館的時候,他才意識到這是他去年來過的地方。
> only 后跟名詞或代詞,屬於修飾主語,不倒裝。
Only he is the right person for the job.
只有他是適合做這項工作的人。
Only true firendship can last long.
只有真正的友誼才能長存。

3. 具有否定意義或半否定意義的副詞及含有否定詞的介詞短語、連詞固定搭配放在句首時,句子部分倒裝。
例如:not, never, hearly, barely, scarcely, seldom, little, nowhere, never before以前從未, by no means, no sooner ... that ..., hardly ... when ..., in no time, in no case, on no condition
-例句
Not a single mistake did the pupil make in his composition.
那名小學生在作文中連一個錯誤也沒有犯。
Hardly head he arrived home when he began to do his homework.
他一到家就開始寫作業了。
Little did Rose care about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.
雖然R當時的處境很危險,但是她沒有考慮自己的安全。

4. not only 位於句首,其引導的分句要用部分倒裝,但 but (also) 引導的分句不倒裝,而且與前面的句子中相同的成分可以省略。
Not only do they want a pay increase, but also they want reduced hours.
他們不僅要求提高工資,還要求縮短工作時間。

5. not until 短語引導的從句位於句首,主句部分倒裝。
Not until he left his home did he begin to know how important the family was for him.
知道他離開家才開始明白家庭對他來說多么重要。

6. neither ... nor ... 鏈接兩個分句時,兩個分句部分倒裝
Neither was the director for the plan nor was he against it.
主任既不贊成也不反對這個計划。

7. so, neither, nor 引導的省略句。
I loved this movies and so did all my friends.
我喜歡這個電影,我的朋友也是。
After that we never saw her again, neither (= nor) did her parents.
在那以后我們從未見過她,她的父母也是。

8. 虛擬條件句中,去掉 if 提前 had/should/were
Had he caught the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.
如果他趕上了早上的火車,那么他開會就不會遲到了。
Should it rain tomorrow, we would put off the meeting.
如果明天下雨,那么我們會推遲會議。
Were you in my position, you would do the same.
如果你處在我的位置,你也會這樣做的。

9.  so ... that, such ... that 句型。
So absorbed was he in the novel that he did not notice his father at the door.
他沉浸在小說中,以至於沒有注意到父親在門口。
Such rapid progress did the boy get that his father gave him his permission to travel.
那個男孩取得了如此大的進步,結果他父親同意他去旅行了。


免責聲明!

本站轉載的文章為個人學習借鑒使用,本站對版權不負任何法律責任。如果侵犯了您的隱私權益,請聯系本站郵箱yoyou2525@163.com刪除。



 
粵ICP備18138465號   © 2018-2025 CODEPRJ.COM