## 場景
由於小程序上線的需要,后台服務需要多版本並存。這里我們通過使用自定義的HTTP Header頭來實現。
nginx接收到的頭部為:
miniversion: 1.0
接收到此請求將會跳轉到新的url中。
核心:客戶端自定義的http header,在nginx的配置文件里能直接讀取到。
條件:header必須用減號“-”分隔單詞,nginx里面會轉換為對應的下划線“_”連接的小寫單詞。
這里面不建議使用“_”,會被nginx忽略掉。
所以我們為了省事,使用的是小寫字母全拼。可以使用"-" 會被轉化成“_”。多一事不如少一事,所以還是使用小寫字母。
## 修改nginx配置
主要的配置文件如下:
server
{
listen 80;
server_name camp.h5.cc camp.cc camp.boss.cc;
index index.jsp index.htm index.html index.do login.vm;
charset utf-8;
underscores_in_headers on;
location ~ / {
if ($http_miniversion = "1.0") {
proxy_pass http://Tall;
}
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
}
access_log /data/logs/cc_com_access wwwlog;
error_log /data/logs/cc_com_error ;
}
這里的自定義header前,需要加上http_下才能識別整個變量。
這里的Tall是我們的新版本,127.0.0.1,是我配置的一個配合測試的站點。
此站點的nginx配置文件如下:
cat mytest.com
server {
listen 8080;
server_name localhost;
root /var/www/html;
index wx.html;
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
}
}
underscores_in_headers on:
nginx是支持讀取非nginx標准的用戶自定義header的,但是需要在http或者server下開啟header的下划線支持:
比如我們自定義header為wx_unionid,獲取該header時需要這樣:$http_wx_unionid(一律采用小寫,而且前面多了個http_)
這里必須強調的一點是我們必須配置:
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
否則會導致自定義header頭無效。
## 測試
echo "<h1>微信小程序測試平台</h1>" > /var/www/html/wx.html
這里如果我們直接使用瀏覽器,進行訪問,不傳遞.http header;結果如下:
這里我們使用postman進行參數傳遞的測試:
可以看到,訪問到的是服務器的正常頁面。
## 附錄
nginx的主配置文件,僅供參考。
user www www;
worker_processes 8;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid;
#google_perftools_profiles /var/tmp/tcmalloc;
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 65535;
}
http
{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
charset utf-8;
server_tokens off;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 4k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 4k;
#client_max_body_size 200m;
client_max_body_size 1024m;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 60;
open_file_cache max=204800 inactive=20s;
open_file_cache_min_uses 1;
open_file_cache_valid 30s;
#proxy_connect_timeout 300;
#proxy_send_timeout 300;
#proxy_read_timeout 300;
proxy_connect_timeout 600;
proxy_send_timeout 600;
proxy_read_timeout 600;
proxy_buffer_size 16k;
proxy_buffers 4 64k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 128k;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on;
# fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
# fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
# fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 600;
fastcgi_send_timeout 600;
fastcgi_read_timeout 600;
fastcgi_buffer_size 4k;
fastcgi_buffers 8 4k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 8k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 8k;
fastcgi_cache_valid 200 302 1h;
fastcgi_cache_valid 301 1d;
fastcgi_cache_valid any 1m;
fastcgi_cache_min_uses 1;
fastcgi_cache_use_stale error timeout invalid_header http_500;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $host;
server_name_in_redirect off;
#add_header "X-UA-Compatible" "IE=EmulateIE8";
upstream Tall {
server 192.168.150.13:9010;
}
log_format wwwlog '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
log_format wwwlog '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
include vhosts/Tall/*;
include vhosts/Ts/*;
include vhosts/Tip/*;
}
參考鏈接:
http://www.ttlsa.com/nginx/nginx-proxy_set_header/
https://www.cnblogs.com/xiao987334176/p/11263649.html
最后付HTTPS完整配置文件,因為小程序需使用HTTPS
server
{
listen 80;
server_name camp.h5.aixbx.com camp.aixbx.service camp.boss.aixbx.com;
index index.jsp index.htm index.html index.do login.vm;
charset utf-8;
underscores_in_headers on;
location ~ / {
return 301 https://camp.h5.aixbx.com$request_uri;
}
}
server
{
listen 443 ssl;
server_name camp.h5.aixbx.com;
index index.jsp index.htm index.html index.do login.vm;
charset utf-8;
underscores_in_headers on;
ssl_certificate /etc/pki/ssl/camp.h5.aixbx.com_nginx/camp.h5.aixbx.com.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/pki/ssl/camp.h5.aixbx.com_nginx/camp.h5.aixbx.com.key;
location ~ / {
if ($http_miniversion = "1.0") {
proxy_pass http://Tall;
}
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Real-PORT $remote_port;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
}
access_log /data/logs/aixbx_com_access wwwlog;
error_log /data/logs/aixbx_com_error ;
}
最后還贈送centos 6下的nginx啟動腳本,根據yum安裝之后生成的啟動腳本進行修改的。不知道為啥還用6,咱也不敢問。
#!/bin/sh
#
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
# proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# config: /etc/sysconfig/nginx
# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
nginx="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
prog=$(basename $nginx)
sysconfig="/etc/sysconfig/$prog"
lockfile="/var/lock/subsys/nginx"
pidfile="/usr/local/nginx/${prog}.pid"
NGINX_CONF_FILE="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
[ -f $sysconfig ] && . $sysconfig
start() {
[ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
[ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
return $retval
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc -p $pidfile $prog
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
return $retval
}
restart() {
configtest_q || return 6
stop
start
}
reload() {
configtest_q || return 6
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc -p $pidfile $prog -HUP
echo
}
configtest() {
$nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}
configtest_q() {
$nginx -t -q -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}
rh_status() {
status $prog
}
rh_status_q() {
rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}
# Upgrade the binary with no downtime.
upgrade() {
local oldbin_pidfile="${pidfile}.oldbin"
configtest_q || return 6
echo -n $"Upgrading $prog: "
killproc -p $pidfile $prog -USR2
retval=$?
sleep 1
if [[ -f ${oldbin_pidfile} && -f ${pidfile} ]]; then
killproc -p $oldbin_pidfile $prog -QUIT
success $"$prog online upgrade"
echo
return 0
else
failure $"$prog online upgrade"
echo
return 1
fi
}
# Tell nginx to reopen logs
reopen_logs() {
configtest_q || return 6
echo -n $"Reopening $prog logs: "
killproc -p $pidfile $prog -USR1
retval=$?
echo
return $retval
}
case "$1" in
start)
rh_status_q && exit 0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q || exit 0
$1
;;
restart|configtest|reopen_logs)
$1
;;
force-reload|upgrade)
rh_status_q || exit 7
upgrade
;;
reload)
rh_status_q || exit 7
$1
;;
status|status_q)
rh_$1
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
rh_status_q || exit 7
restart
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|configtest|status|force-reload|upgrade|restart|reopen_logs}"
exit 2
esac
## 通過get參數判斷轉發
nginx 獲取請求頭,URL參數
獲取url參數
在 ngx_lua 中訪問 Nginx 內置變量 ngx.var.arg_PARAMETER 即可獲得GET參數PARAMETER的內容。
在 nginx配置中,通過$arg_PARAMETER 即可獲得GET參數PARAMETER的內容。
獲取請求頭
在 ngx_lua 中訪問 Nginx 內置變量 ngx.var.http_HEADER 即可獲得請求頭HEADER的內容。
在 nginx配置中,通過$http_HEADER 即可獲得請求頭HEADER的內容。
if ($arg_miniversion = "1.1"){
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:20032;
}
## Nginx返回大長度的JSON數據被截斷
1. 添加nginx參數,增加緩存字符串大小,在http字段中
proxy_buffer_size 512k;
proxy_buffers 16 512k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 512k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 512k;
2. 遇到全新問題,原因是大文件會先緩存到/proxy-temp文件夾下面,然后再返回
Permission denied while reading upstream
修改文件夾的權限為nginx的用戶,根據你項目的實際情況來修改
chown -R www:www /usr/local/nginx/proxy-temp