## 场景
由于小程序上线的需要,后台服务需要多版本并存。这里我们通过使用自定义的HTTP Header头来实现。
nginx接收到的头部为:
miniversion: 1.0
接收到此请求将会跳转到新的url中。
核心:客户端自定义的http header,在nginx的配置文件里能直接读取到。
条件:header必须用减号“-”分隔单词,nginx里面会转换为对应的下划线“_”连接的小写单词。
这里面不建议使用“_”,会被nginx忽略掉。
所以我们为了省事,使用的是小写字母全拼。可以使用"-" 会被转化成“_”。多一事不如少一事,所以还是使用小写字母。
## 修改nginx配置
主要的配置文件如下:
server
{
listen 80;
server_name camp.h5.cc camp.cc camp.boss.cc;
index index.jsp index.htm index.html index.do login.vm;
charset utf-8;
underscores_in_headers on;
location ~ / {
if ($http_miniversion = "1.0") {
proxy_pass http://Tall;
}
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
}
access_log /data/logs/cc_com_access wwwlog;
error_log /data/logs/cc_com_error ;
}
这里的自定义header前,需要加上http_下才能识别整个变量。
这里的Tall是我们的新版本,127.0.0.1,是我配置的一个配合测试的站点。
此站点的nginx配置文件如下:
cat mytest.com
server {
listen 8080;
server_name localhost;
root /var/www/html;
index wx.html;
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
}
}
underscores_in_headers on:
nginx是支持读取非nginx标准的用户自定义header的,但是需要在http或者server下开启header的下划线支持:
比如我们自定义header为wx_unionid,获取该header时需要这样:$http_wx_unionid(一律采用小写,而且前面多了个http_)
这里必须强调的一点是我们必须配置:
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
否则会导致自定义header头无效。
## 测试
echo "<h1>微信小程序测试平台</h1>" > /var/www/html/wx.html
这里如果我们直接使用浏览器,进行访问,不传递.http header;结果如下:
这里我们使用postman进行参数传递的测试:
可以看到,访问到的是服务器的正常页面。
## 附录
nginx的主配置文件,仅供参考。
user www www;
worker_processes 8;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid;
#google_perftools_profiles /var/tmp/tcmalloc;
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 65535;
}
http
{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
charset utf-8;
server_tokens off;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 4k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 4k;
#client_max_body_size 200m;
client_max_body_size 1024m;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 60;
open_file_cache max=204800 inactive=20s;
open_file_cache_min_uses 1;
open_file_cache_valid 30s;
#proxy_connect_timeout 300;
#proxy_send_timeout 300;
#proxy_read_timeout 300;
proxy_connect_timeout 600;
proxy_send_timeout 600;
proxy_read_timeout 600;
proxy_buffer_size 16k;
proxy_buffers 4 64k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 128k;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on;
# fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
# fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
# fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 600;
fastcgi_send_timeout 600;
fastcgi_read_timeout 600;
fastcgi_buffer_size 4k;
fastcgi_buffers 8 4k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 8k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 8k;
fastcgi_cache_valid 200 302 1h;
fastcgi_cache_valid 301 1d;
fastcgi_cache_valid any 1m;
fastcgi_cache_min_uses 1;
fastcgi_cache_use_stale error timeout invalid_header http_500;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $host;
server_name_in_redirect off;
#add_header "X-UA-Compatible" "IE=EmulateIE8";
upstream Tall {
server 192.168.150.13:9010;
}
log_format wwwlog '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
log_format wwwlog '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
include vhosts/Tall/*;
include vhosts/Ts/*;
include vhosts/Tip/*;
}
参考链接:
http://www.ttlsa.com/nginx/nginx-proxy_set_header/
https://www.cnblogs.com/xiao987334176/p/11263649.html
最后付HTTPS完整配置文件,因为小程序需使用HTTPS
server
{
listen 80;
server_name camp.h5.aixbx.com camp.aixbx.service camp.boss.aixbx.com;
index index.jsp index.htm index.html index.do login.vm;
charset utf-8;
underscores_in_headers on;
location ~ / {
return 301 https://camp.h5.aixbx.com$request_uri;
}
}
server
{
listen 443 ssl;
server_name camp.h5.aixbx.com;
index index.jsp index.htm index.html index.do login.vm;
charset utf-8;
underscores_in_headers on;
ssl_certificate /etc/pki/ssl/camp.h5.aixbx.com_nginx/camp.h5.aixbx.com.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/pki/ssl/camp.h5.aixbx.com_nginx/camp.h5.aixbx.com.key;
location ~ / {
if ($http_miniversion = "1.0") {
proxy_pass http://Tall;
}
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Real-PORT $remote_port;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
}
access_log /data/logs/aixbx_com_access wwwlog;
error_log /data/logs/aixbx_com_error ;
}
最后还赠送centos 6下的nginx启动脚本,根据yum安装之后生成的启动脚本进行修改的。不知道为啥还用6,咱也不敢问。
#!/bin/sh
#
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
# proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# config: /etc/sysconfig/nginx
# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
nginx="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
prog=$(basename $nginx)
sysconfig="/etc/sysconfig/$prog"
lockfile="/var/lock/subsys/nginx"
pidfile="/usr/local/nginx/${prog}.pid"
NGINX_CONF_FILE="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
[ -f $sysconfig ] && . $sysconfig
start() {
[ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
[ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
return $retval
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc -p $pidfile $prog
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
return $retval
}
restart() {
configtest_q || return 6
stop
start
}
reload() {
configtest_q || return 6
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc -p $pidfile $prog -HUP
echo
}
configtest() {
$nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}
configtest_q() {
$nginx -t -q -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}
rh_status() {
status $prog
}
rh_status_q() {
rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}
# Upgrade the binary with no downtime.
upgrade() {
local oldbin_pidfile="${pidfile}.oldbin"
configtest_q || return 6
echo -n $"Upgrading $prog: "
killproc -p $pidfile $prog -USR2
retval=$?
sleep 1
if [[ -f ${oldbin_pidfile} && -f ${pidfile} ]]; then
killproc -p $oldbin_pidfile $prog -QUIT
success $"$prog online upgrade"
echo
return 0
else
failure $"$prog online upgrade"
echo
return 1
fi
}
# Tell nginx to reopen logs
reopen_logs() {
configtest_q || return 6
echo -n $"Reopening $prog logs: "
killproc -p $pidfile $prog -USR1
retval=$?
echo
return $retval
}
case "$1" in
start)
rh_status_q && exit 0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q || exit 0
$1
;;
restart|configtest|reopen_logs)
$1
;;
force-reload|upgrade)
rh_status_q || exit 7
upgrade
;;
reload)
rh_status_q || exit 7
$1
;;
status|status_q)
rh_$1
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
rh_status_q || exit 7
restart
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|configtest|status|force-reload|upgrade|restart|reopen_logs}"
exit 2
esac
## 通过get参数判断转发
nginx 获取请求头,URL参数
获取url参数
在 ngx_lua 中访问 Nginx 内置变量 ngx.var.arg_PARAMETER 即可获得GET参数PARAMETER的内容。
在 nginx配置中,通过$arg_PARAMETER 即可获得GET参数PARAMETER的内容。
获取请求头
在 ngx_lua 中访问 Nginx 内置变量 ngx.var.http_HEADER 即可获得请求头HEADER的内容。
在 nginx配置中,通过$http_HEADER 即可获得请求头HEADER的内容。
if ($arg_miniversion = "1.1"){
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:20032;
}
## Nginx返回大长度的JSON数据被截断
1. 添加nginx参数,增加缓存字符串大小,在http字段中
proxy_buffer_size 512k;
proxy_buffers 16 512k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 512k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 512k;
2. 遇到全新问题,原因是大文件会先缓存到/proxy-temp文件夹下面,然后再返回
Permission denied while reading upstream
修改文件夹的权限为nginx的用户,根据你项目的实际情况来修改
chown -R www:www /usr/local/nginx/proxy-temp