## 場景
由於小程序上線的需要,后台服務需要多版本並存。這里我們通過使用自定義的HTTP Header頭來實現。
nginx接收到的頭部為:
miniversion: 1.0
接收到此請求將會跳轉到新的url中。
核心:客戶端自定義的http header,在nginx的配置文件里能直接讀取到。
條件:header必須用減號“-”分隔單詞,nginx里面會轉換為對應的下划線“_”連接的小寫單詞。
這里面不建議使用“_”,會被nginx忽略掉。
所以我們為了省事,使用的是小寫字母全拼。可以使用"-" 會被轉化成“_”。多一事不如少一事,所以還是使用小寫字母。
## 修改nginx配置
主要的配置文件如下:
server { listen 80; server_name camp.h5.cc camp.cc camp.boss.cc; index index.jsp index.htm index.html index.do login.vm; charset utf-8; underscores_in_headers on; location ~ / { if ($http_miniversion = "1.0") { proxy_pass http://Tall; } proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080; } access_log /data/logs/cc_com_access wwwlog; error_log /data/logs/cc_com_error ; }
這里的自定義header前,需要加上http_下才能識別整個變量。
這里的Tall是我們的新版本,127.0.0.1,是我配置的一個配合測試的站點。
此站點的nginx配置文件如下:
cat mytest.com server { listen 8080; server_name localhost; root /var/www/html; index wx.html; location / { try_files $uri $uri/ =404; } }
underscores_in_headers on:
nginx是支持讀取非nginx標准的用戶自定義header的,但是需要在http或者server下開啟header的下划線支持:
比如我們自定義header為wx_unionid,獲取該header時需要這樣:$http_wx_unionid(一律采用小寫,而且前面多了個http_)
這里必須強調的一點是我們必須配置:
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
否則會導致自定義header頭無效。
## 測試
echo "<h1>微信小程序測試平台</h1>" > /var/www/html/wx.html
這里如果我們直接使用瀏覽器,進行訪問,不傳遞.http header;結果如下:
這里我們使用postman進行參數傳遞的測試:
可以看到,訪問到的是服務器的正常頁面。
## 附錄
nginx的主配置文件,僅供參考。
user www www; worker_processes 8; error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit; pid /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid; #google_perftools_profiles /var/tmp/tcmalloc; worker_rlimit_nofile 65535; events { use epoll; worker_connections 65535; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; charset utf-8; server_tokens off; server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; client_header_buffer_size 4k; large_client_header_buffers 4 4k; #client_max_body_size 200m; client_max_body_size 1024m; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; keepalive_timeout 60; open_file_cache max=204800 inactive=20s; open_file_cache_min_uses 1; open_file_cache_valid 30s; #proxy_connect_timeout 300; #proxy_send_timeout 300; #proxy_read_timeout 300; proxy_connect_timeout 600; proxy_send_timeout 600; proxy_read_timeout 600; proxy_buffer_size 16k; proxy_buffers 4 64k; proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k; proxy_temp_file_write_size 128k; gzip on; gzip_min_length 1k; gzip_buffers 4 16k; gzip_http_version 1.1; gzip_comp_level 2; gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml; gzip_vary on; # fastcgi_connect_timeout 300; # fastcgi_send_timeout 300; # fastcgi_read_timeout 300; fastcgi_connect_timeout 600; fastcgi_send_timeout 600; fastcgi_read_timeout 600; fastcgi_buffer_size 4k; fastcgi_buffers 8 4k; fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 8k; fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 8k; fastcgi_cache_valid 200 302 1h; fastcgi_cache_valid 301 1d; fastcgi_cache_valid any 1m; fastcgi_cache_min_uses 1; fastcgi_cache_use_stale error timeout invalid_header http_500; fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $host; server_name_in_redirect off; #add_header "X-UA-Compatible" "IE=EmulateIE8"; upstream Tall { server 192.168.150.13:9010; } log_format wwwlog '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' log_format wwwlog '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for'; include vhosts/Tall/*; include vhosts/Ts/*; include vhosts/Tip/*; }
參考鏈接:
http://www.ttlsa.com/nginx/nginx-proxy_set_header/
https://www.cnblogs.com/xiao987334176/p/11263649.html
最后付HTTPS完整配置文件,因為小程序需使用HTTPS
server { listen 80; server_name camp.h5.aixbx.com camp.aixbx.service camp.boss.aixbx.com; index index.jsp index.htm index.html index.do login.vm; charset utf-8; underscores_in_headers on; location ~ / { return 301 https://camp.h5.aixbx.com$request_uri; } } server { listen 443 ssl; server_name camp.h5.aixbx.com; index index.jsp index.htm index.html index.do login.vm; charset utf-8; underscores_in_headers on; ssl_certificate /etc/pki/ssl/camp.h5.aixbx.com_nginx/camp.h5.aixbx.com.pem; ssl_certificate_key /etc/pki/ssl/camp.h5.aixbx.com_nginx/camp.h5.aixbx.com.key; location ~ / { if ($http_miniversion = "1.0") { proxy_pass http://Tall; } proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Real-PORT $remote_port; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080; } access_log /data/logs/aixbx_com_access wwwlog; error_log /data/logs/aixbx_com_error ; }
最后還贈送centos 6下的nginx啟動腳本,根據yum安裝之后生成的啟動腳本進行修改的。不知道為啥還用6,咱也不敢問。
#!/bin/sh # # nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon # # chkconfig: - 85 15 # description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \ # proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server # processname: nginx # config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf # config: /etc/sysconfig/nginx # pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid # Source function library. . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions # Source networking configuration. . /etc/sysconfig/network # Check that networking is up. [ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0 nginx="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx" prog=$(basename $nginx) sysconfig="/etc/sysconfig/$prog" lockfile="/var/lock/subsys/nginx" pidfile="/usr/local/nginx/${prog}.pid" NGINX_CONF_FILE="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf" [ -f $sysconfig ] && . $sysconfig start() { [ -x $nginx ] || exit 5 [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6 echo -n $"Starting $prog: " daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE retval=$? echo [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile return $retval } stop() { echo -n $"Stopping $prog: " killproc -p $pidfile $prog retval=$? echo [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile return $retval } restart() { configtest_q || return 6 stop start } reload() { configtest_q || return 6 echo -n $"Reloading $prog: " killproc -p $pidfile $prog -HUP echo } configtest() { $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE } configtest_q() { $nginx -t -q -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE } rh_status() { status $prog } rh_status_q() { rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1 } # Upgrade the binary with no downtime. upgrade() { local oldbin_pidfile="${pidfile}.oldbin" configtest_q || return 6 echo -n $"Upgrading $prog: " killproc -p $pidfile $prog -USR2 retval=$? sleep 1 if [[ -f ${oldbin_pidfile} && -f ${pidfile} ]]; then killproc -p $oldbin_pidfile $prog -QUIT success $"$prog online upgrade" echo return 0 else failure $"$prog online upgrade" echo return 1 fi } # Tell nginx to reopen logs reopen_logs() { configtest_q || return 6 echo -n $"Reopening $prog logs: " killproc -p $pidfile $prog -USR1 retval=$? echo return $retval } case "$1" in start) rh_status_q && exit 0 $1 ;; stop) rh_status_q || exit 0 $1 ;; restart|configtest|reopen_logs) $1 ;; force-reload|upgrade) rh_status_q || exit 7 upgrade ;; reload) rh_status_q || exit 7 $1 ;; status|status_q) rh_$1 ;; condrestart|try-restart) rh_status_q || exit 7 restart ;; *) echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|configtest|status|force-reload|upgrade|restart|reopen_logs}" exit 2 esac
## 通過get參數判斷轉發
nginx 獲取請求頭,URL參數
獲取url參數
在 ngx_lua 中訪問 Nginx 內置變量 ngx.var.arg_PARAMETER 即可獲得GET參數PARAMETER的內容。
在 nginx配置中,通過$arg_PARAMETER 即可獲得GET參數PARAMETER的內容。
獲取請求頭
在 ngx_lua 中訪問 Nginx 內置變量 ngx.var.http_HEADER 即可獲得請求頭HEADER的內容。
在 nginx配置中,通過$http_HEADER 即可獲得請求頭HEADER的內容。
if ($arg_miniversion = "1.1"){ proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:20032; }
## Nginx返回大長度的JSON數據被截斷
1. 添加nginx參數,增加緩存字符串大小,在http字段中
proxy_buffer_size 512k; proxy_buffers 16 512k; proxy_busy_buffers_size 512k; proxy_temp_file_write_size 512k;
2. 遇到全新問題,原因是大文件會先緩存到/proxy-temp文件夾下面,然后再返回
Permission denied while reading upstream
修改文件夾的權限為nginx的用戶,根據你項目的實際情況來修改
chown -R www:www /usr/local/nginx/proxy-temp