原文鏈接：https://www.cnblogs.com/xiao987334176/p/11263649.html
一，自定義的header頭部
因為需要上線灰度發布，只要nginx接收到頭部為：
x_app:123456
就會跳轉到另外一個url，比如：
1.0.0.10:8080
通過配置nginx 匹配請求頭wx_unionid 來轉發到灰度環境。
核心：客戶端自定義的http header，在nginx的配置文件里能直接讀取到。
條件：header必須用減號“-”分隔單詞，nginx里面會轉換為對應的下划線“_”連接的小寫單詞。
二、修改Nginx配置
安裝nginx
apt-get install -y nginx
編輯主頁
cd /etc/nginx/sites-enabled
vim home.conf
內容如下：
upstream wx {
server 127.0.0.1:8080; } server { listen 8008; server_name localhost; root html; index index.html; charset utf-8; underscores_in_headers on; location / { #測試header轉發 if ($http_x_app = "123456") { proxy_pass http://wx; } } }
參數配置說明
underscores_in_headers on：nginx是支持讀取非nginx標准的用戶自定義header的，但是需要在http或者server下開啟header的下划線支持:
比如我們自定義header為wx_unionid,獲取該header時需要這樣:$http_wx_unionid(一律采用小寫，而且前面多了個http_)
如果需要把自定義header傳遞到下一個nginx：
1.如果是在nginx中自定義采用proxy_set_header X_CUSTOM_HEADER $http_host;
2.如果是在用戶請求時自定義的header，例如curl –head -H “X_CUSTOM_HEADER: foo” http://domain.com/api/test，則需要通過proxy_pass_header X_CUSTOM_HEADER來傳遞
編輯調整頁
vim wx.conf
內容如下：
server {
listen 8080; server_name localhost; root /var/www/html; index wx.html; location / { try_files $uri $uri/ =404; } }
增加測試頁面
vim /var/www/html/wx.html
內容如下：
<h1>微信小程序測試平台</h1>
三、測試結果
加自定義頭部
root@ubuntu:~# curl -v -H 'wx_unionid:123456' 127.0.0.1:8008
* Rebuilt URL to: 127.0.0.1:8008/ * Trying 127.0.0.1... * Connected to 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) port 8008 (#0) > GET / HTTP/1.1 > Host: 127.0.0.1:8008 > User-Agent: curl/7.47.0 > Accept: */* > wx_unionid:123456 > < HTTP/1.1 200 OK < Server: nginx/1.10.3 (Ubuntu) < Date: Mon, 29 Jul 2019 07:49:46 GMT < Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 < Content-Length: 37 < Connection: keep-alive < Last-Modified: Mon, 29 Jul 2019 06:23:49 GMT < ETag: "5d3e90f5-25" < Accept-Ranges: bytes < <h1>微信小程序測試平台</h1> * Connection #0 to host 127.0.0.1 left intact
不加頭部
root@ubuntu:~# curl -v 127.0.0.1:8008
* Rebuilt URL to: 127.0.0.1:8008/ * Trying 127.0.0.1... * Connected to 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) port 8008 (#0) > GET / HTTP/1.1 > Host: 127.0.0.1:8008 > User-Agent: curl/7.47.0 > Accept: */* > < HTTP/1.1 200 OK < Server: nginx/1.10.3 (Ubuntu) < Date: Mon, 29 Jul 2019 07:50:13 GMT < Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 < Content-Length: 612 < Last-Modified: Tue, 31 Jan 2017 15:01:11 GMT < Connection: keep-alive < ETag: "5890a6b7-264" < Accept-Ranges: bytes < <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Welcome to nginx!</title> <style> body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; } </style> </head> <body> <h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1> <p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and working. Further configuration is required.</p> <p>For online documentation and support please refer to <a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/> Commercial support is available at <a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p> <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p> </body> </html> * Connection #0 to host 127.0.0.1 left intact
四、匹配多條件
現在又多了一個需求，需要對客戶端ip為：192.168.0.45，同時也增加自定義頭部wx_unionid:123456，才會轉發，否則不做轉發。
nginx的配置中不支持if條件的邏輯與&& 邏輯或|| 運算 ，而且不支持if的嵌套語法，否則會報下面的錯誤：nginx: [emerg] invalid condition。
我們可以用變量的方式來間接實現。
要實現的語句：
if ($remote_addr ~* "192.168.0.45" && $http_wx_unionid = "123456"){ proxy_pass http://wx; }
如果按照這樣來配置，就會報nginx: [emerg] invalid condition錯誤。
如下：
nginx: [emerg] invalid condition "$http_wx_unionid" in /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/home.conf:16 nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test failed
可以這么來實現，如下所示：
upstream wx {
server 127.0.0.1:8080; } server { listen 8008; server_name localhost; root html; index index.html; charset utf-8; underscores_in_headers on; location / { #測試header轉發 # 標志位 set $flag 0; if ($remote_addr ~* "192.168.0.45"){ # 末尾追加1，此時$flag=01 set $flag "${flag}1"; } if ($http_wx_unionid = "123456"){ # 末尾追加1，此時$flag=011 set $flag "${flag}1"; } # 當為011時，表示條件都匹配 if ($flag = "011") { proxy_pass http://wx; } } }
重新加載配置
nginx -s reload
再次使用本機測試，增加頭部
root@ubuntu:~# curl -v -H 'wx_unionid:123456' 127.0.0.1:8008 * Rebuilt URL to: 127.0.0.1:8008/ * Trying 127.0.0.1... * Connected to 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) port 8008 (#0) > GET / HTTP/1.1 > Host: 127.0.0.1:8008 > User-Agent: curl/7.47.0 > Accept: */* > wx_unionid:123456 > < HTTP/1.1 200 OK < Server: nginx/1.10.3 (Ubuntu) < Date: Mon, 29 Jul 2019 08:01:30 GMT < Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 < Content-Length: 612 < Last-Modified: Tue, 31 Jan 2017 15:01:11 GMT < Connection: keep-alive < ETag: "5890a6b7-264" < Accept-Ranges: bytes < <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Welcome to nginx!</title> <style> body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; } </style> </head> <body> <h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1> <p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and working. Further configuration is required.</p> <p>For online documentation and support please refer to <a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/> Commercial support is available at <a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p> <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p> </body> </html> * Connection #0 to host 127.0.0.1 left intact
登錄到192.168.0.45，增加頭部測試
root@docker-reg:~# curl -v -H 'wx_unionid:123456' 192.168.0.162:8008 * Rebuilt URL to: 192.168.0.162:8008/ * Trying 192.168.0.162... * Connected to 192.168.0.162 (192.168.0.162) port 8008 (#0) > GET / HTTP/1.1 > Host: 192.168.0.162:8008 > User-Agent: curl/7.47.0 > Accept: */* > wx_unionid:123456 > < HTTP/1.1 200 OK < Server: nginx/1.10.3 (Ubuntu) < Date: Mon, 29 Jul 2019 08:02:01 GMT < Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 < Content-Length: 37 < Connection: keep-alive < Last-Modified: Mon, 29 Jul 2019 06:23:49 GMT < ETag: "5d3e90f5-25" < Accept-Ranges: bytes < <h1>微信小程序測試平台</h1> * Connection #0 to host 192.168.0.162 left intact