1.1 基本句型及補語 - 語法俱樂部


五種單句的基本句型

  1. S+V 主語+動詞
  2. S+V+O 主語+動詞+賓語
  3. S+V+C 主語+動詞+補語
  4. S+V+O+O 主語+動詞+賓語+賓語
  5. S+V+O+C 主語+動詞+賓語+補語

S主語 Subject 美 [ˈsʌbdʒɪkt , səbˈdʒekt]
V動詞 Verb 謂語動詞
O賓語 Object 美 [ˈɑːbdʒekt , əbˈdʒekt]
C補語 Complement 美 [ˈkɑːmplɪment , ˈkɑːmplɪmənt]

插入個表語的概念---
P表語 P是predicative (主語補語包含表語)
表語,現代英語中已經不用表語這個概念了。因為表語屬於主語補語,表語前面用系動詞,主語補語前面除了系動詞之外,還可以是不及物動詞。
舉例來說,在句子He is a teacher中,a teacher 既是表語也是主語補語。
但是在句子He fell down injured中,injured是主語補語,但不是表語,因為fell down不是系動詞。

從動詞角度看5個基本句型

4種動詞
系動詞:五感 五變 三保持 一是 一像 https://www.cnblogs.com/pengchenggang/p/15420695.html
不及物動詞:后面不接賓語的動詞。
及物動詞(單賓動詞):后面接一個賓語
及物動詞(雙賓動詞):后面接兩個賓語

SVC (這里補語指向主語,不是指向動詞)
系動詞 后面接的是 補語(主語補語#主補、表語)可以是名詞 或 形容詞 - 表語特指 主語補語前面是系動詞的情況。
動詞(現在還不清楚及補及物的問題) 后面也能接 補語(主語補語#主補,不是表語) 應該也是可以是名詞 或 形容詞。例句:He fell down injured.

SV
不及物動詞(do):后面不接賓語

SVO
單賓動詞(do):后面接一個賓語

SVOO
雙賓動詞(do):后面接兩個賓語

SVOC
單賓動詞(do):后面接一個賓語,再一個補語描述這個賓語(賓補)

補語(主補、賓補)和賓語

補語(主補、賓補)可以是名詞或形容詞
賓語是名詞
區分是 賓語還是補語看這個詞是指向主語還是謂語,指向主語的是補語,指向謂語的是賓語。
賓補的區分是,賓語和補語中間加個be,是否是SVC,或者說是主系表結構。

沒有補語的Be

be后面有補語,就起到連系的作用,本身沒有含義。當沒有補語的時候,含義是“存在”。
To be or not to be,that is the question.

書中例句


John Smith died in World War Two . John Smith killed three enemy soldiers .

主語補語的例句


John Smith was a soldier . John Smith was courageous . 美: [kəˈreɪdʒəs] adj. 勇敢的 Taroko Gorge is beautiful . That dress looks pretty . The dog seems friendly . His demands appear reasonable . His trip sounds exciting . I feel sick . The drug tastes bitter . The story proved false . He became a teacher . A nurse makes a good wife .

賓語補語的例句


I find the dress pretty . The meat made the dog friendly . They consider his demands reasonable . He found the trip exciting . The food made me sick . I don't find the drug bitter . I consider the story false . His college training made him a teacher . Most people consider a nurse a good wife .

兩個賓語的例句


John's father gave him a dog . John's father called him a dog .

Test 練習句


1. The magician moved his fingers quickly . 2. The police found the letter missing . 3. The police found the missing letter . 4. He ordered himself a steak and a bottle of red wine . 5. Don't you like dancing ? 6. The President has gone abroad on a visit . 7. That sounds like a good idea . 8. The box feels heavy . 11. The child asks her mother a million questions a day 12. Monkeys love bananas . You can leave the door open

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