前言
之前聽過陳述句、一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、倒裝句、插入語、祈使句。
不明白為什么又是這個句？又是這語呢？好亂啊...
其實都是本着表達不同思想的目的，從不同功能維度划分出來的語法術語。
英語語氣，語氣分為祈使語氣、虛擬語氣、疑問語氣和感嘆語氣五類。
英語語序，語序分為有陳序語序、倒裝語序、插入語序三大類。
A.從語氣來說英語分為
陳述語氣：描述目客觀事實。
祈使語氣：主觀表達強烈的請求、命令。
虛擬語氣：主觀表達不強烈的請求和建議，說話人認為這是一些和客觀事實相反，發生概率及其底的的希望、建議。
如果我們想要交流，人的言語可以是主觀、多變的，但是語法它是客觀的。
Tomorrow,I wish I would be a rich man .這對於目前我來說，我感覺不太現實。就使用個虛擬語氣把！
Tomorrow, I will be a rich man. 這就是我說的（你不了解我），你也不能說這是語法錯誤！！！
所以虛擬語氣是相對陳述語氣而言。
B.從語序來說英語分為
陳序語序：句子主干成分遵循主、謂、賓、主、系、表這這順序。
倒裝語序：把謂語部分的助動詞或者情態動詞 OR 整個謂語部分提到主前，用於強調表語或者狀語成分！
插入語序：在一個句子中間插入一個成分，它不作句子的何種成分，也不和句子的何種成分發生結構關系，同時既不起連接作用，也不表示語氣，這個成分稱之插入語。
倒裝語序是相對陳序語序而言。
英文倒裝句是什么？
我們可以通過顛倒自然語序中的一些句子成分，引起讀者、聽者的注意，達到強調的目的。就是倒裝。
倒裝是相對語正常的語序（陳序語序）而言的， 其實我們剛上初中的時候就開始接觸倒裝，也就是一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、There be句型。
我們把整個謂/表語動詞或者是謂語動詞的一部分（助動詞/情態動詞）放在主語之前的，這一種語法現象叫作倒裝。
其實學習英語語法就像學習一種已經被人定義好的法規，它存在即是合理的！
我們學習英語語法可以從3個方面掌握它：
1.是什么？
2.為什么？
3.怎么用？
我們顛倒主語和謂/表語的語序 就來強調被放在句子最前面的表語或者狀語部分。
倒裝句的類型？
倒裝句分為完全倒裝和部分倒裝；
完全倒裝：把整個謂語動詞放在主語之前；
部分倒裝：主語是代詞
部分倒裝：就是把情態/助動詞提前變成一般疑問句。
下面我將介紹在那些情況下，可以使用倒裝句。
使用完全倒裝的情況
完全倒裝=標志詞+謂語動詞+主語+其他句子成分
在5大句型中只有主謂、主系表2大不包含賓語成分的句型，才可以進行完全倒裝。
因為主謂完全倒裝之后例如：I beat you .You beat me.會影響整個句子表達的含義，出現表達錯誤，違背了語言表達的初衷。
主語必須是名詞，當主語為代詞時無法進行完全倒裝。
因為人稱代詞有就近匹配原則，也會引起句子意思的改變。
完全倒裝結構只用與一般現在時和一般過去時。
因為一般過去時和現時構成時態沒有助動詞
There be句型強調有
There be句型也屬於完全倒裝，謂語動詞在主語前面。我們通過這種倒裝，強調存在。
There is a lamp on the table. There are some apples in the bowl. There are five books,two pens and a ruler in the school bag. There is a ruler,two pens and five books in the school bag.
There stand various old trees.
狀、謂、主強調時間、地點、方位狀語
只要是主+謂+狀結構的句子，你就要考慮是不是可以倒裝了。
並不是所有狀語都可以被完全倒裝，只有表時間、位置、方向的副詞/介詞短語才可以被放在句子開頭被強調。
地點副詞：Here、There、
時間副詞：Now、Then
方位副詞：Out、In、Up、Down、Away
Now is（系） the time(主語) to make plans for the future.
你可別把Now當成主語哦！ Now comes a good chance to deal with the problem.
Now comes your turn.
--------------------------- There comes the bus. Here is the book.
---------------------------
Awaay went the girl.------->A girl went away.
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表示地點的介詞短語
At the foot of TaiHang Mountain lie a peacefull village which is my hometown. In the east rises the sun. In front of my house stands a tree. On the top of the mountain.
South of city lies a big steel factory.
West region of China, is an amazing place. 中國的西部，廣袤而神奇。
From the vally came a frightening sound.
Under the tree stands a liitle boy.
Away from the hustle and bustle of Beijing stands a temple like no other.
Eastward flows the rolling Changjiang River. 滾滾長江 東逝水！ Out rushed a bear. ----->A bear rushed out. In came a teacher. ------->A teacher came in.
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表、系、主強調表語
好男人就是我；我就是好男人。這兩句話表達的意思沒有什么區別。只是強調側重點不一樣。
主系表倒裝成表系主的原因：
1.強調表語部分
2.使句子更加勻稱：把句子的主干成分主、系、表放在一起，便於讀者快速理解整個句思。
The girl(主) is（系） sitting under the tree（介詞短語作表語）.
He （主）who is content（定語從句） is(系)happy. 譯為：知足者常樂。 The boy (主)who is play basketball with his friends（定語從句） is(系) handsome. 以上主系表句型都可以倒裝為表系主結構，主要是為了強調句子的表語成分，在閱讀時千萬不要把表語當成主語， 疑惑為什么“形容詞作了主語”？ Sitting under the tree(表) is（系） the girl（主）. 強調那個女孩是 （坐在大樹底下的！）。 Happy(表)is（系）he(主) who is content. 強調知足者是常 （樂！） 的。 Handsome(表)is(系)the boy (主)who is playing basketball withe his friends. 強調（很帥！）那個打籃球的男孩。
考研例句：
Adding to woman's increased dose(劑量) of stress chemicals (化學葯品) are（系） her increased "opportunities" for stress.
Her increased "opportunities" for stress are（系） adding to woman's increased dose(劑量) of stress chemicals (化學葯品).
隨着女性接觸”壓力“機會的日益增加，也增加了她們體內壓力性化學物質的劑量。 The division of labor ：勞動分工 laid out：哈哈....還記得前端的layout頁面嗎？布局、布置、安排；陳列 clinically：朴素地、客觀地（非常符合邏輯的，不帶感情的）臨床地 methodically：有條不紊;有系統地；井井有條地 The household（主語） in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out is（系） rare. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. 是很少的家庭，家庭分工是被客觀地並有條理地安排。 哈哈哈哈~直翻譯出來簡直不像中國人說得是嗎？當然不是中國人說的了！！ 這就是前面我提到的中英語言表達思維差異，造成的。 能夠客觀、公平安排家務的家庭很少。----估計是在說男女應該均攤家務。 veterans：經驗豐富的人;老手;退伍軍人;老兵;老戰士;老水兵
outreach:n.外展服務(在服務機構以外的場所提供的社區服務等)v.到達頂端;超越
Among the strategies that have proved effective
are(系)
shift from merit-based to need-based financial aid and outreach to community college graduates and veterans. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Shift from merit-based to need-based financial aid and outreach to community college graduates and veterans
are(系)
among the strategies that have proved effective.
------------------------------------------------ 從基於個人成績（獎學金）財政資助轉變為基於個人需要（助學金）的財政資助
以及（and連接2個主語）
將援助范圍擴大到社區大學（相當於國內的專科和民辦院校）的大學生以及退伍軍人的策略
都是
切實可行切富有成效的。
可以部分倒裝的情況
部分倒裝就是把助動詞或情態動詞提到主語之前（把陳序句就是變成一般疑問句），然后再把一些標志詞放在句首；
部分倒裝=標志詞+一般疑問句
部分倒裝=標志詞+be動詞/助動詞/情態動詞+主語+其他句子成分
那么出現哪些標志詞我們才可以進行倒裝呢？這就需要我們去記憶了。這也就是學習倒裝句的難點。
常見的否定詞:Not,Liittle,hardly(幾乎不),Never(從不),By no means(絕對不是)，No sooner...than...，Not only....but also（即..也..連詞）,At no time(絕不)
In no case,In no event,Nowhere,Seldom（很少）。
At no time and in no circumstances will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.
在任何時候任何情況下中國都不會首先使用核武器。
Seldom do I go out alone at night.
She not only has much money but also has many friends.
I have never been to other countries except Japan. Never have I been to other counties except Japan. She seldom takes a shower in winter. Seldom does she take a show in the winter. fail to pour attention=ignore The public can fail to pour attention into the issue of pollution under no circumstances. Under no circumstances can the public fail to pour attention into the issue of pollution.
2.So/As(表承前的肯定/也是)，Nor/Neither（表承前的否定/也不是）。
也/也不....，那就是強調都...怎么......強調遭遇、步調和立場一致！
Tom watched TV last night.So,do I.我也是。
Tom didn't watched TV last night.Nor/Neither did I.我也沒有/不是。
Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes
Yeah,I remember, and so does ALL of the staff that you said it in front of. 我加了個定語從句你可千萬別懵逼哦！All of the staff 是集合名詞
My classmate can speak Japanese. I can speak Japanese,too. My classmate can speak Japanese and so can I speak Japanese. America is a democratic nation. Canada is a democratic nation too. America is a democratic nation so is Canada. I cannot dance well. My brother cannot dance either. I cannot dance well neither can my brother.
3.so...that 的倒裝：
強調形容詞
so....that.... （如此....以至於......）引導的目的狀語從句都可以變成倒裝句。
把So + adj/adv提到句首，然后變成一般疑問句, 注意我們不能把從句部分也倒裝了，因為從句永遠是陳序形式。
I feel so frightened that I lose my sleep for the whole night.
So frightened do I feel that I lose my sleep for the whole night.
You speak so fast that I can hardly catch what you say.
So fast do you speak that I can hardly catch what you say
He was so excited that he cannot help laughing at midnight.
So excited was he that he cannot help laughing at midnight.
convinced: adj.堅信;深信;確信;堅信不移的;有堅定信仰(或信念)的
forecefullt:強有力的，有說服力的
He is giving a speech so forcefully that everyone present is convinced.
So forcefully is he giving a speech that everyone present is convinced.
She looks so gorgeous that she can catch the eyes of everyone at the party.
So gorgeous does she look that she can catch the eyes of everyone at the party.
4.only + 狀語 位於句首作倒裝
強調只有...
only+狀語：就是只有在某1 中狀態下。
如果句子中包含only+狀語我們就可以把句子進行部分倒裝。
I only love you deeply.
Only deeply do I love you.
You can find real peace only in your own heart.
Only in your owne heart can you find real peace.
His girlfriend called his name only once.
Only once did his girlfriend call his name.
Comrade Zhang Side：張思德同志
Our dearest comrade Zhang Side always lives only in the depths of our heart. Only in the depths of my heart does our dearest comrade Zhang Side always live.
You will call your mother only when you need living expenses.
Only when you need living expenses will you will call your mother.
5.as引導的讓步狀語從句的倒裝：
強調讓步
as 引導的狀語從句也可以進行倒裝，把形容詞/副詞/名詞放句首+as，但助動詞提前變成一般疑問句！！
形容詞放句首 Ugly as I look, I am quite gentle. 雖然我很丑但是我很溫柔。 far-reaching：影響深遠的 Simple as the drawing seems the meaning behind it is far-reaching. 副詞放句首 Happily as we stay together ,I would not like to see him again. Much as I love my mother，I cannot agree with her. 名詞放句首 Old man as he is,I cannot forgive his bad behavior.
6、省略if的虛擬語氣倒裝
所有if引導的虛擬語氣條件狀語從句都可以進行倒裝，去掉去掉從句中的 if 之后，再把從句變成一般疑問句即可。主句保持不變。
虛擬語氣中如果省略了if,就是把句子變成了倒裝 If you were a tear in my eye,I would never shed it. 如果你是我眼中的一滴淚，我就永遠不會哭。 Were you a tear in my eye,I would never shed it. If you had been a dog last night,you could have slept beside girls. Had you been a dog last night,you could have slept beside girls. If I should be the president,I would make a lot of changes in the company. Should I be the president,I would make a lot of changes in the company.
參考