1.1 exciting⭐️
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adj. 令人興奮的
excited adj. 感到興奮的 excite v. 令...感到興奮（人作賓語） eg : The news excited us 這個消息令我們興奮（過去式） -
類似的詞⭐️
令人(adj.)的 感到(adj.)的 adj. surprising surprised 驚奇的 interesting interested 感興趣的 shocking shocked 震驚的 satisfying satisfied 滿意的 disappointing disappointed 失望的 moving moved 感動的 touching touched 感動的 embarrassing embarrassed 尷尬的
1.2 receive
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v. 收到
receive sth form sb 從某人那收到 eg : receive a letter 收到一封信 eg : You will receive a warm welcome whenever you come to my home 無論什么時候你來到我家，都會受到熱烈的歡迎 receive a letter from sb⭐️ 收到...的信 =hear from sb⭐️ -
類似的詞
receive 收到 accept 接受 take 拿來 bring 帶來 eg : I received an invitation to the party , but I didn't accept it. 我收到了你的派對邀請函，但是我不接受 -
receiver
receiver 收到...的人；電話聽筒 eg : He put down the receiver angrily 他生氣地放下聽筒 =He rang off angrily.
1.3 firm
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n. 公司
eg : He is working for a big firm . the firm of Johnson & Johnson 他在一個大公司工作，公司叫強生公司 -
近義詞
company 公司（口語） corporation 公司，法人，團體 enterprise 事業單位，企業，單位，公司，商行 group 集團公司 -
adj. 牢固的，穩固的，堅實的
eg : The leg of that chair is not very firm 這個椅子的腿不是很牢固 as firm as rock 堅如磐石 a firm foundation 堅實的基礎 -
adj. 堅定的，堅決的
His reply to the request was a firm "No!" 他堅決的拒絕這個要求
1.4 different⭐️
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adj. 不同的
A is different from B⭐️ A和B是不同的 =A is different to B⭐️ =A is different than B⭐️ eg : Everyone is different from others. 每個人都是不同的 -
difference
difference n. 區別，差別 tell the difference between A and B⭐️ 區別A和B -
Tips⭐️
以 ant / ent 結尾的為 adj. 轉換為以 ance / ence 結尾的為 n.
ant / ent 結尾的為 adj. ance / ence 結尾的為 n. important importance 重要的 patient patience 耐心的 distant distance 遙遠的
1.5 center
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n. 中心
shopping center 購物中心 eg : That girl likes to be the center of attention. 那個女孩喜歡成為大家視線的中心 left , right and center 前后左右 =here and there
1.6 abroad
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v. 在國外
be abroad 在國外 go abroad 去國外 live abroad 再國外生活 travel abroad 去國外旅行
2.Key Structures ⭐️
2.1 現在完成時⭐️
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構成：have / has + 動詞過去分詞⭐️
eg : He has gone to Canada 他已經去了加拿大 -
注：動詞不規則過去式，過去分詞
go went gone drive drove driven sleep slept slept -
功能1⭐️
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表過去發生的動作對現在存在的影響
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常與不確定時間的時間副詞（放在實義動詞前，助動詞后）連用
already 已經 yet 已經（放在完成時的否定句 或 疑問句 句尾） just 剛剛⭐️ eg : He has just left the house. 他剛剛離開房子 ever 甚至 never 從不 eg : I have never been to Paris 我從來沒去過巴黎
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功能2⭐️
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表從過去一直持續到現在並可能持續下去的動作或狀態
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常與表示一段時間的時間狀語連用
so far 至今為止 up till (to) now 到現在為止 since 自從 for a long time 很長一段時間 in the last few years 在過去幾年里 these days 這段日子 eg : He has studied English since 10 years ago 他已經學習了十年的英語了
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重點
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某些非延續性動詞，在現在完成時中不能與一段時間的狀語搭配。
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常見的非延續性動詞
die 死亡 arrive 到達 join 參與 leave 離開 go 走 refuse 拒絕 fail 失敗 finish 完成 buy 買 marry 結婚 divorce 離婚 borrow 借入 lend 借出
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現在完成時的應用
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現在進行變成剛剛完成
現在進行：My mother is making the bed.
剛剛完成：My mother has just made the bed.
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現在進行變成完成時否定
現在進行：He is still washing the dishes.
完成時否定：He hasn't washed the dishes yet.
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現在完成變成現在完成的疑問句
現在完成：I've already read this book.
現在完成疑問句：Have you read this book yet?
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3.Text
I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the center of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.
3.1 I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim.
| just | 搭配現在完成時 |
|---|---|
| received a letter from sb | 收到某人來信 |
| =hear from sb | |
| write to sb | 給某事寫信 |
| Tim | 同位語 |
3.2 He is in Australia. He has been there for six months.
| Australia | n. 澳大利亞 |
|---|---|
| Australian | adj. 澳大利亞的 |
| for six months | |
| He has been there since six months ago | 他半年前就去了那里 |
| He has been there for six moths | 他去那里已經半年了 |
3.3 Tim is an engineer.
| engineer | n. 工程師；建築師；機械師；火車司機 |
|---|---|
| engine | n. 發動機，引擎，機車，火車頭 |
3.4 He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia.
| a number of + n. (復數) + are ...⭐️ | 許多的，大量的 |
|---|---|
| eg : A large number of books are stolen | 大量的書被偷走了 |
| the number of + n. (復數) + is ...⭐️ | ......的數量是 |
| eg : A number of people apply for this job | 許多人申請這個職位 |
| eg : The number of applicants is 70 | 申請這個職位的人的數量是70 |
| number | n. 號碼，數字，數目 |
| eg : My telephone number is 6229897 | 我的電話號碼是6229897 |
| No. | number的縮寫 |
| eg : The company is No.1 in the oil business | 這家公司是在石油領域內的第一名 |
| There is safety in number | 人多勢眾 |
3.5 He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the center of Australia.⭐️
| 現在時 | 過去時 | 過去分詞 |
|---|---|---|
| buy | bought | bought |
| sell | sold | sold |
| bring | brought | brought |
| have gone to⭐️ | 去了沒回來 |
|---|---|
| have been to⭐️ | 去過回來了 |
| a small town in the center of Australia. | 一個澳大利亞的小城市（同位語） |
3.6 From there, he will fly to Perth.
| 現在時 | 過去時 | 過去分詞 |
|---|---|---|
| fly | flew | flown |
| fly | v. 飛，飛行，航行 |
|---|---|
| fly | v. 飛行器飛行，航行，操縱，乘坐飛行器飛行 |
| fly | n. 蒼蠅 |
3.7 My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.⭐️
| before⭐️ | prep. 在..之前 |
|---|---|
| before 10 o'clock | 在十點前 |
| before | conj. 在...之前 |
| eg : Do it before you forget it. | 在你忘記之前完成它 |
| find+賓語+賓補⭐️ | |
|---|---|
| eg : I find the room empty | 我發現這個房間是空的 |
4.Special Difficulties
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Receive and Take
receive 收到 take 拿走
5.Exercises
5.1
Tim has been in Australia for six months. His brother hasn't seen him _____ January. A. for B. since C. from D. by
5.2
He has just bought an Australian car. He bought one ______. A. a short time ago B. a long time ago C. last year D. six months ago
5.3
He will soon visit Darwin. He will visit Darwin ______. A. quickly B. for a short time C. shortly D. in a hurry
5.4
It is not difficult to ______ the idea that machines can communicate information to us. A. admit B. receive C. accept D. convince
6. Analysis
5.1
Answer：B
for 與表示一段時間的詞連用才能用在完成時中 since 可加個時間點用在完成時中，表示“自從”的意思 from from...to... 從...到... 很少用於現在完成時 by 到...為止，用於過去完成和現在完成
5.2
Answer：A
a short time ago 不久之前 a long time ago 很久之前 last year 去年 six months ago 六個月前
5.3
Answer：C
quickly 快速地 for a short time 時間很短 shortly 不久 in a hurry 匆忙的
5.4
Answer：C
admit 承認 receive 收到 accept 接受 convince