1.1 exciting⭐️
-
adj. 令人兴奋的
excited adj. 感到兴奋的 excite v. 令...感到兴奋（人作宾语） eg : The news excited us 这个消息令我们兴奋（过去式） -
类似的词⭐️
令人(adj.)的 感到(adj.)的 adj. surprising surprised 惊奇的 interesting interested 感兴趣的 shocking shocked 震惊的 satisfying satisfied 满意的 disappointing disappointed 失望的 moving moved 感动的 touching touched 感动的 embarrassing embarrassed 尴尬的
1.2 receive
-
v. 收到
receive sth form sb 从某人那收到 eg : receive a letter 收到一封信 eg : You will receive a warm welcome whenever you come to my home 无论什么时候你来到我家，都会受到热烈的欢迎 receive a letter from sb⭐️ 收到...的信 =hear from sb⭐️ -
类似的词
receive 收到 accept 接受 take 拿来 bring 带来 eg : I received an invitation to the party , but I didn't accept it. 我收到了你的派对邀请函，但是我不接受 -
receiver
receiver 收到...的人；电话听筒 eg : He put down the receiver angrily 他生气地放下听筒 =He rang off angrily.
1.3 firm
-
n. 公司
eg : He is working for a big firm . the firm of Johnson & Johnson 他在一个大公司工作，公司叫强生公司 -
近义词
company 公司（口语） corporation 公司，法人，团体 enterprise 事业单位，企业，单位，公司，商行 group 集团公司 -
adj. 牢固的，稳固的，坚实的
eg : The leg of that chair is not very firm 这个椅子的腿不是很牢固 as firm as rock 坚如磐石 a firm foundation 坚实的基础 -
adj. 坚定的，坚决的
His reply to the request was a firm "No!" 他坚决的拒绝这个要求
1.4 different⭐️
-
adj. 不同的
A is different from B⭐️ A和B是不同的 =A is different to B⭐️ =A is different than B⭐️ eg : Everyone is different from others. 每个人都是不同的 -
difference
difference n. 区别，差别 tell the difference between A and B⭐️ 区别A和B -
Tips⭐️
以 ant / ent 结尾的为 adj. 转换为以 ance / ence 结尾的为 n.
ant / ent 结尾的为 adj. ance / ence 结尾的为 n. important importance 重要的 patient patience 耐心的 distant distance 遥远的
1.5 center
-
n. 中心
shopping center 购物中心 eg : That girl likes to be the center of attention. 那个女孩喜欢成为大家视线的中心 left , right and center 前后左右 =here and there
1.6 abroad
-
v. 在国外
be abroad 在国外 go abroad 去国外 live abroad 再国外生活 travel abroad 去国外旅行
2.Key Structures ⭐️
2.1 现在完成时⭐️
-
构成：have / has + 动词过去分词⭐️
eg : He has gone to Canada 他已经去了加拿大 -
注：动词不规则过去式，过去分词
go went gone drive drove driven sleep slept slept -
功能1⭐️
-
表过去发生的动作对现在存在的影响
-
常与不确定时间的时间副词（放在实义动词前，助动词后）连用
already 已经 yet 已经（放在完成时的否定句 或 疑问句 句尾） just 刚刚⭐️ eg : He has just left the house. 他刚刚离开房子 ever 甚至 never 从不 eg : I have never been to Paris 我从来没去过巴黎
-
-
功能2⭐️
-
表从过去一直持续到现在并可能持续下去的动作或状态
-
常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用
so far 至今为止 up till (to) now 到现在为止 since 自从 for a long time 很长一段时间 in the last few years 在过去几年里 these days 这段日子 eg : He has studied English since 10 years ago 他已经学习了十年的英语了
-
-
重点
-
某些非延续性动词，在现在完成时中不能与一段时间的状语搭配。
-
常见的非延续性动词
die 死亡 arrive 到达 join 参与 leave 离开 go 走 refuse 拒绝 fail 失败 finish 完成 buy 买 marry 结婚 divorce 离婚 borrow 借入 lend 借出
-
-
现在完成时的应用
-
现在进行变成刚刚完成
现在进行：My mother is making the bed.
刚刚完成：My mother has just made the bed.
-
现在进行变成完成时否定
现在进行：He is still washing the dishes.
完成时否定：He hasn't washed the dishes yet.
-
现在完成变成现在完成的疑问句
现在完成：I've already read this book.
现在完成疑问句：Have you read this book yet?
-
3.Text
I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the center of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.
3.1 I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim.
| just | 搭配现在完成时 |
|---|---|
| received a letter from sb | 收到某人来信 |
| =hear from sb | |
| write to sb | 给某事写信 |
| Tim | 同位语 |
3.2 He is in Australia. He has been there for six months.
| Australia | n. 澳大利亚 |
|---|---|
| Australian | adj. 澳大利亚的 |
| for six months | |
| He has been there since six months ago | 他半年前就去了那里 |
| He has been there for six moths | 他去那里已经半年了 |
3.3 Tim is an engineer.
| engineer | n. 工程师；建筑师；机械师；火车司机 |
|---|---|
| engine | n. 发动机，引擎，机车，火车头 |
3.4 He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia.
| a number of + n. (复数) + are ...⭐️ | 许多的，大量的 |
|---|---|
| eg : A large number of books are stolen | 大量的书被偷走了 |
| the number of + n. (复数) + is ...⭐️ | ......的数量是 |
| eg : A number of people apply for this job | 许多人申请这个职位 |
| eg : The number of applicants is 70 | 申请这个职位的人的数量是70 |
| number | n. 号码，数字，数目 |
| eg : My telephone number is 6229897 | 我的电话号码是6229897 |
| No. | number的缩写 |
| eg : The company is No.1 in the oil business | 这家公司是在石油领域内的第一名 |
| There is safety in number | 人多势众 |
3.5 He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the center of Australia.⭐️
| 现在时 | 过去时 | 过去分词 |
|---|---|---|
| buy | bought | bought |
| sell | sold | sold |
| bring | brought | brought |
| have gone to⭐️ | 去了没回来 |
|---|---|
| have been to⭐️ | 去过回来了 |
| a small town in the center of Australia. | 一个澳大利亚的小城市（同位语） |
3.6 From there, he will fly to Perth.
| 现在时 | 过去时 | 过去分词 |
|---|---|---|
| fly | flew | flown |
| fly | v. 飞，飞行，航行 |
|---|---|
| fly | v. 飞行器飞行，航行，操纵，乘坐飞行器飞行 |
| fly | n. 苍蝇 |
3.7 My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.⭐️
| before⭐️ | prep. 在..之前 |
|---|---|
| before 10 o'clock | 在十点前 |
| before | conj. 在...之前 |
| eg : Do it before you forget it. | 在你忘记之前完成它 |
| find+宾语+宾补⭐️ | |
|---|---|
| eg : I find the room empty | 我发现这个房间是空的 |
4.Special Difficulties
-
Receive and Take
receive 收到 take 拿走
5.Exercises
5.1
Tim has been in Australia for six months. His brother hasn't seen him _____ January. A. for B. since C. from D. by
5.2
He has just bought an Australian car. He bought one ______. A. a short time ago B. a long time ago C. last year D. six months ago
5.3
He will soon visit Darwin. He will visit Darwin ______. A. quickly B. for a short time C. shortly D. in a hurry
5.4
It is not difficult to ______ the idea that machines can communicate information to us. A. admit B. receive C. accept D. convince
6. Analysis
5.1
Answer：B
for 与表示一段时间的词连用才能用在完成时中 since 可加个时间点用在完成时中，表示“自从”的意思 from from...to... 从...到... 很少用于现在完成时 by 到...为止，用于过去完成和现在完成
5.2
Answer：A
a short time ago 不久之前 a long time ago 很久之前 last year 去年 six months ago 六个月前
5.3
Answer：C
quickly 快速地 for a short time 时间很短 shortly 不久 in a hurry 匆忙的
5.4
Answer：C
admit 承认 receive 收到 accept 接受 convince