動詞的五種形式:
1) 動詞原形: 即詞典中詞條所給出的動詞形式。用於一般現在時和不定式。
They know us well. 他們很了解我們。
Do you want to go there? 你想去那兒嗎?
2) 過去式:用於表示過去發生的動作或事情。該形式通常是在動詞原形后加ed。
You talked too much. 你講得太多。
3) 過去分詞: 用於被動語態和完成時態等。該形式通常是在動詞原形后加ed。
Two people were killed in the accident. 有兩個人在事故中喪生。
4) 現在分詞:由動詞原形 + ing 構與,可用於各種進行時態。
They are leaning English. 他們正在學英語。
5) 第三人稱單數形式:當句子的主語為單數時,句子中的謂語動詞需要用第三人稱單數,第三人稱單數形式通常是在動詞后加 s。
He likes teaching. 他喜歡教學。
不規則動詞:
Infinitive不定式 |
Past Tense 過去式 |
abide |
abode,abided |
alight |
alighted,alit |
arise |
arose |
awake |
awoke,awaked |
be |
were /was |
bear |
bore |
beat |
beat |
become |
became |
befall |
befell |
beget |
begot |
begin |
began |
behold |
beheld |
bend |
bent |
bereave |
bereaved,bereft |
beseech |
besought,beseeched |
beset |
beset |
bespeak |
bespoke |
bespread |
bespread |
bestrew |
bestrewed |
bestride |
bestrode |
bet |
bet,betted |
betake |
betook |
bethink |
bethought |
bid |
bade,bid |
bide |
bode,bided |
bind |
bound |
bite |
bit |
bleed |
bled |
blend |
blended,blent |
bless |
blessed,blest |
blow |
blew |
break |
broke |
breed |
bred |
bring |
brought |
broadcast |
broadcast,broadcasted |
browbeat |
browbeat |
build |
built |
burn |
burnt,burned |
burst |
burst |
buy |
bought |
can |
could |
cast |
cast |
catch |
caught |
chide |
chid,chided |
choose |
chose |
cleave |
cleaved,cleft,clove |
cleave |
clave |
cling |
clung |
clothe |
clothed,clad |
come |
came |
cost |
cost |
creep |
crept |
crow |
crowed,crew |
cut |
cut |
dare |
dared,durst |
deal |
dealt |
die |
died |
dig |
dug |
dispread |
dispread |
do |
did |
draw |
drew |
dream |
dreamed,dreamt |
drink |
drank |
drive |
drove |
dwell |
dwelt,dwelled |
eat |
ate |
fall |
fell |
feed |
fed |
feel |
felt |
fight |
fought |
find |
found |
flee |
fled |
fling |
flung |
fly |
flew |
flee |
fled |
fly |
flied |
forbear |
forbore |
forbid |
forbade,forbad |
forecast |
forecast,forecasted |
fordo |
fordid |
forego |
forewent |
foreknow |
foreknew |
forerun |
foreran |
foresee |
foresaw |
foreshow |
foreshowed |
foretell |
foretold |
forget |
forgot |
forgive |
forgave |
forsake |
forsook |
forswear |
forswore |
freeze |
froze |
gainsay |
gainsaid |
get |
got |
gild |
gilded,gilt |
gird |
girded,girt |
give |
gave |
go |
went |
grave |
graved |
grind |
ground |
grow |
grew |
hamstring |
hamstringed,hamstrung |
hang |
hung |
hang |
hanged |
have |
had |
hear |
heard |
heave |
heaved,hove |
hew |
hewed |
hide |
hid |
hit |
hit |
hold |
held |
hurt |
hurt |
inlay |
inlaid |
keep |
kept |
kneel |
knelt,kneeled |
knit |
knitted,knit |
know |
knew |
lade |
laded |
lay |
laid |
lead |
led |
lean |
leaned,leant |
leap |
leapt,leaped |
learn |
learnt,learned |
leave |
left |
lend |
lent |
let |
let |
lie |
lay |
lie |
lied |
light |
lit |
light |
lighted |
lose |
lost |
make |
made |
may |
might |
mean |
meant |
meet |
met |
melt |
melted |
misdeal |
misdealt |
misgive |
misgave |
mislay |
mislaid |
mislead |
misled |
mistake |
mistook |
misunderstand |
misunderstood |
mow |
mowed |
must |
must |
ought |
ought |
outbid |
outbade,outbid |
outbreed |
outbred |
outdo |
outdid |
outeat |
outate |
outfight |
outfought |
outgo |
outwent |
outgrow |
outgrew |
outlay |
outlaid |
outride |
outrode |
outrun |
outran |
outsell |
outsold |
outshine |
outshone |
outshoot |
outshot |
outsit |
outsat |
outspend |
outspent |
outspread |
outspread |
outthrow |
outthrew |
outthrust |
outthrust |
outwear |
outwore |
overbear |
overbore |
overbid |
overbid |
overblow |
overblew |
overbuild |
overbuilt |
overbuy |
overbought |
overcast |
overcast |
overcome |
overcame |
overdo |
overdid |
overdraw |
overdrew |
overdrive |
overdrove |
overeat |
overate |
overfeed |
overfed |
overfly |
overflew |
overgrow |
overgrew |
overhang |
overhung |
overhear |
overheard |
overlade |
overladed |
overlay |
overlaid |
overleap |
overleapt,overleaped |
overlie |
overlay |
overpay |
overpaid |
override |
overrode |
overrun |
overran |
oversee |
oversaw |
oversell |
oversold |
overset |
overset |
oversew |
oversewed |
overshoot |
overshot |
oversleep |
overslept |
overspend |
overspent |
overspread |
overspread |
overtake |
overtook |
overthrow |
overthrew |
overwind |
overwound |
overwrite |
overwrote |
partake |
partook |
pay |
paid |
precast |
precast |
prechoose |
prechose |
prove |
proved |
put |
put |
quit |
quitted,quit |
read |
read |
reave |
reaved,reft |
rebuild |
rebuilt |
recast |
recast |
reeve |
rove,reeved |
relay |
relaid |
rend |
rent |
repay |
repaid |
reset |
reset |
retell |
retold |
rid |
rid,ridded |
ride |
rode |
ring |
rang |
rise |
rose,risen |
rive |
riven |
run |
ran |
saw |
sawed |
say |
said |
see |
saw |
seek |
sought |
sell |
sold |
send |
sent |
set |
set |
sew |
sewed |
shake |
shook |
shall |
should |
shave |
shaved |
shear |
sheared |
shed |
shed |
shine |
shone,shined |
shoe |
shod,shoed |
shoot |
shot |
show |
showed |
shred |
shredded,shred |
shrink |
shrank,shrunk |
shrive |
shrove,shrived |
shut |
shut |
sing |
sang,sung |
sink |
sank,sunk |
sit |
sat |
slay |
slew |
sleep |
slept |
slide |
slid |
sling |
slung |
slink |
slunk |
slit |
slit |
smell |
smelt,smelled |
smite |
smote |
sow |
sowed |
speak |
spoke |
speed |
sped,speeded |
spell |
spelt,spelled |
spend |
spent |
spill |
spilt,spilled |
spin |
spun |
spit |
spat,spit |
split |
split |
spoil |
spoilt,spoiled |
spread |
spread |
spring |
sprang,sprung |
stand |
stood |
stave |
staved,stove |
steal |
stole |
stick |
stuck |
sting |
stung |
stink |
stank,stunk |
strew |
strewed |
stride |
strode |
strike |
struck |
string |
strung |
strive |
strove,strived |
swear |
swore |
sweat |
sweat,sweated |
sweep |
swept |
swell |
swelled |
swim |
swam |
swing |
swung |
take |
took |
teach |
taught |
tear |
tore |
tell |
told |
think |
thought |
thrive |
throve,thrived |
throw |
threw |
thrust |
thrust |
tread |
trod |
unbend |
unbent |
unbind |
unbound |
unbuild |
unbuilt |
underbid |
underbid |
underbuy |
underbought |
undercut |
undercut |
underdo |
underdid |
underfeed |
underfed |
undergo |
underwent |
underlay |
underlaid |
underlet |
underlet |
underlie |
underlay |
underpay |
underpaid |
underrun |
underran |
undersell |
undersold |
underset |
underset |
undershoot |
undershot |
understand |
understood |
undertake |
undertook |
underwrite |
underwrote |
undo |
undid |
undraw |
undrew |
unfreeze |
unfroze |
ungird |
ungirded,ungirt |
unhang |
unhung |
unknit |
unknitted,unknit |
unlade |
unladed |
unlay |
unlaid |
unlearn |
unlearnt,unlearned |
unmake |
unmade |
unreeve |
unrove,unreeved |
unsay |
unsaid |
unset |
unset |
unsling |
unslung |
unspeak |
unspoke |
unstick |
unstuck |
unstring |
unstrung |
unswear |
unswore |
unteach |
untaught |
unthink |
unthought |
untread |
untrod |
unweave |
unwove |
unwind |
unwound |
upbuild |
upbuilt |
upcast |
upcast |
uphold |
upheld |
uppercut |
uppercut |
uprise |
uprose |
upset |
upset |
upsweep |
upswept |
upswing |
upswung |
wake |
waked,woke |
waylay |
waylaid |
wear |
wore |
weave |
wove |
wed |
wedded,wed |
weep |
wept |
weigh |
weighed |
wet |
wetted,wet |
will |
would |
win |
won |
wind |
winded,wound |
wit |
wist |
withdraw |
withdrew |
withhold |
withheld |
withstand |
withstood |
work |
worked |
work |
wrought |
wring |
wrung |
write |
wrote |
1. A---A---A型(現在式、過去式、過去分詞同形)
動詞原形(現在式) 過去式 過去分詞
cost cost cost 花費
cut cut cut 割,切
hit hit hit 打
let let let 讓
put put put 放下
read read read 讀(讀音是[red])
hurt hurt hurt 傷
2. A---A---B型(現在式和過去式同形)
beat beat beaten/ beat 打
3. A---B---A型(現在式和過去分詞同形)
come came come 來
become became become 變
run ran run 跑
4. A ---B ---B型
(1)在動詞原形后加一個輔音字母d或t構成過去式或過去分詞。
burn burnt burnt 燃燒
learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 學習
mean meant meant 意思
hear heard heard 聽見
(2)把動詞原形的最后一個輔音字母"d"改為"t"構成過去式或過去分詞。
build built built 建築
lend lent lent 借給
lose lost lost 失去
send sent sent 送
spend spent spent 花費
(3)其他
pay paid paid 付
lay laid laid 下蛋
say said said 說
bring brought brought 帶來
buy bought bought 買
think thought thought 想
catch caught caught 抓住
teach taught taught 教
fight fought fought 戰斗
sleep slept slept 睡
keep kept kept 保持
sweep swept swept 掃
stand stood stood 站
understand understood understood 明白
win won won 得勝
shine shone/shined shone/shined 發光
feel felt felt 覺得
find found found 發現
hang hanged hanged 絞死
show showed showed/ shown 展示
hang hung hung 掛
have had had 有
hold held held 盛,握
leave left left 離開
make made made 制造
meet met met 遇見
sell sold sold 賣
shoot shot shot 射擊
tell told told 告訴
smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅,聞
sit sat sat 坐
dig dug/ digged dug/ digged 挖
5. A---B---C型(現在式、過去式和過去分詞都不相同)
(1)在動詞原形后加-n或-en構成過去分詞。
be was/ were been 是
eat ate eaten 吃
fall fell fallen 落下
give gave given 給
take took taken/ took 拿
hide hid hidden/ hid 隱藏
see saw seen 看見
write wrote written 寫
ride rode ridden 騎
rise rose risen 升起
drive drove driven 駕駛
(2)過去式將-aw, -ow, -y變為-ew,過去分詞在原形后加-n,其中"fly"的過去分詞是將"y"改為"ow"再加"n"。
blow blew blown 吹
grow grew grown 生長
know knew known 知道
throw threw thrown 拋,扔
draw drew drawn 拉,繪畫
fly flew flown 飛
(3)過去式加-n或-en構成過去分詞,其中"wear"的過去分詞是將"e"改為"n"。
wear wore worn 穿
freeze froze frozen 凍結
steal stole stolen 偷
speak spoke spoken 說話
tread trod trodden/ trod 行走
break broke broken 破碎,折斷
choose chose chosen 選擇
weave wove/ weft woven/ weft 編織
wake waked/ woke waked/ waken 醒
get got gotten/ got得
forget forgot forgotten/ forgot忘記
(4)變單詞在重讀音節中的元音字母"i"分別為"a"(過去式)和"u"(過去分詞)。
begin began begun 開始
drink drank drunk 飲
ring rang/ ringed rung/ ringed 按鈴
sing sang/ sung sung 唱
swim swam swum 游泳
spin span/ spun spun 旋轉
sink sank/ sunk sunk/ sunken 沉
spring sprang/ sprung sprung 跳躍
(5)其他不規則動詞的變化。
do did done 做
go went gone 去
lie lay lain 躺
6. 情態動詞(無過去分詞)
can could 能
may might 可以
must / 必須
shall should 應該
will would 將/會
不規則動詞表
序號 |
動詞原形或不定式 |
過去式 |
現在分詞或動名詞 |
第三人稱 單數 |
注釋 |
前綴 |
詞根 |
1 |
bear |
bore |
bearing |
bears |
忍受,承擔 |
bear |
|
2 |
forbear |
forbore |
forbearing |
forbears |
克制,忍耐 |
for- |
bear |
3 |
overbear |
overbore |
overbearing |
overbears |
壓服,征服 |
over-表示"在…之上,過度" |
bear |
4 |
bend |
bent |
bending |
bends |
彎曲,彎腰 |
bend |
|
5 |
unbend |
unbent |
unbending |
unbends |
變直,伸直 |
un-表示"不" |
bend |
6 |
bid |
bade, bid |
bidding |
bids |
出價,懇求,邀請,力求,企圖 |
bid |
|
7 |
forbid |
forbade, forbad |
forbidding |
forbids |
禁止,阻礙 |
for- |
bid |
8 |
outbid |
outbid |
outbidding |
outbids |
出價高於(別人) |
out-表示"超過" |
bid |
9 |
underbid |
underbid |
underbidding |
underbids |
出價較低 |
under-表示"在…之下,過低" |
bid |
10 |
bind |
bound |
binding |
binds |
約束,捆綁 |
bind |
|
11 |
rebind |
rebound |
rebinding |
rebinds |
重新捆綁 |
re-表示"重復" |
bind |
12 |
unbind |
unbound |
unbinding |
unbinds |
解開,解放 |
un-表示"不" |
bind |
13 |
build |
built |
building |
builds |
建造,建立 |
build |
|
14 |
rebuild |
rebuilt |
rebuilding |
rebuilds |
重建,恢復 |
re-表示"重復" |
build |
15 |
cast |
cast |
casting |
casts |
鑄造,投擲,脫落 |
cast |
|
16 |
broadcast |
broadcast, broadcasted |
broadcasting |
broadcasts |
廣播 |
broad- |
cast |
17 |
forecast |
forecast, forecasted |
forecasting |
forecasts |
預報,預測 |
fore-表示"預先" |
cast |
18 |
miscast |
miscast |
miscasting |
miscasts |
指配不適當的角色 |
mis-表示"不,錯誤" |
cast |
19 |
overcast |
overcast |
overcasting |
overcasts |
使沮喪,包縫,遮蔽 |
over-表示"在…之上,過度" |
cast |
20 |
recast |
recast |
recasting |
recasts |
再鑄,重塑,改正 |
re-表示"重復" |
cast |
21 |
come |
came |
coming |
comes |
來,成為,變得 |
come |
|
22 |
become |
became |
becoming |
becomes |
變為,適合,發生 |
be-表示"遍及、使成為" |
come |
23 |
overcome |
overcame |
overcoming |
overcomes |
戰勝,克服 |
over-表示"在…之上,過度" |
come |
24 |
deal |
dealt |
dealing |
deals |
處理,分配 |
deal |
|
25 |
misdeal |
misdealt |
misdealing |
misdeals |
處理不當 |
mis-表示"不,錯誤" |
deal |
26 |
do |
did |
doing |
does |
做,干 |
do |
|
27 |
outdo |
outdid |
outdoing |
outdoes |
勝過,優於 |
out-表示"超過" |
do |
28 |
overdo |
overdid |
overdoing |
overdoes |
做得過分,誇張 |
over-表示"在…之上,過度" |
do |
29 |
redo |
redid |
redoing |
redoes |
重做 |
re-表示"重復" |
do |
30 |
undo |
undid |
undoing |
undoes |
松開,撤銷 |
un-表示"不" |
do |
31 |
draw |
drew |
drawing |
draws |
繪畫,拉,吸引 |
draw |
|
32 |
withdraw |
withdrew |
withdrawing |
withdraws |
撤退,退出 |
with- |
draw |
33 |
fall |
fell |
falling |
falls |
落下,下降 |
fall |
|
34 |
befall |
befell |
befalling |
befalls |
發生,降臨 |
be-表示"遍及、使成為" |
fall |
35 |
get |
got |
getting |
gets |
得到,到來,成為 |
get |
|
36 |
beget |
begot |
begetting |
begets |
產生,引起 |
be-表示"遍及、使成為" |
get |
37 |
forget |
forgot |
forgetting |
forgets |
忘記,忽略 |
for- |
get |
38 |
give |
gave |
giving |
gives |
給予,贈送 |
give |
|
39 |
forgive |
forgave |
forgiving |
forgives |
原諒,免除 |
for- |
give |
40 |
misgive |
misgave |
misgiving |
misgives |
疑慮,擔憂 |
mis-表示"不,錯誤" |
give |
學習中。。。