動詞(verb)


動詞的五種形式:

1) 動詞原形: 即詞典中詞條所給出的動詞形式。用於一般現在時和不定式。
They know us well. 他們很了解我們。
Do you want to go there? 你想去那兒嗎?

2) 過去式:用於表示過去發生的動作或事情。該形式通常是在動詞原形后加ed。
You talked too much. 你講得太多。

3) 過去分詞: 用於被動語態和完成時態等。該形式通常是在動詞原形后加ed。
Two people were killed in the accident. 有兩個人在事故中喪生。

4) 現在分詞:由動詞原形 + ing 構與,可用於各種進行時態。
They are leaning English. 他們正在學英語。

5) 第三人稱單數形式:當句子的主語為單數時,句子中的謂語動詞需要用第三人稱單數,第三人稱單數形式通常是在動詞后加 s。
He likes teaching. 他喜歡教學。

不規則動詞:

Infinitive不定式

Past Tense 過去式

abide

abode,abided

alight

alighted,alit

arise

arose

awake

awoke,awaked

be

were /was

bear

bore

beat

beat

become

became

befall

befell

beget

begot

begin

began

behold

beheld

bend

bent

bereave

bereaved,bereft

beseech

besought,beseeched

beset

beset

bespeak

bespoke

bespread

bespread

bestrew

bestrewed

bestride

bestrode

bet

bet,betted

betake

betook

bethink

bethought

bid

bade,bid

bide

bode,bided

bind

bound

bite

bit

bleed

bled

blend

blended,blent

bless

blessed,blest

blow

blew

break

broke

breed

bred

bring

brought

broadcast

broadcast,broadcasted

browbeat

browbeat

build

built

burn

burnt,burned

burst

burst

buy

bought

can

could

cast

cast

catch

caught

chide

chid,chided

choose

chose

cleave

cleaved,cleft,clove

cleave

clave

cling

clung

clothe

clothed,clad

come

came

cost

cost

creep

crept

crow

crowed,crew

cut

cut

dare

dared,durst

deal

dealt

die

died

dig

dug

dispread

dispread

do

did

draw

drew

dream

dreamed,dreamt

drink

drank

drive

drove

dwell

dwelt,dwelled

eat

ate

fall

fell

feed

fed

feel

felt

fight

fought

find

found

flee

fled

fling

flung

fly

flew

flee

fled

fly

flied

forbear

forbore

forbid

forbade,forbad

forecast

forecast,forecasted

fordo

fordid

forego

forewent

foreknow

foreknew

forerun

foreran

foresee

foresaw

foreshow

foreshowed

foretell

foretold

forget

forgot

forgive

forgave

forsake

forsook

forswear

forswore

freeze

froze

gainsay

gainsaid

get

got

gild

gilded,gilt

gird

girded,girt

give

gave

go

went

grave

graved

grind

ground

grow

grew

hamstring

hamstringed,hamstrung

hang

hung

hang

hanged

have

had

hear

heard

heave

heaved,hove

hew

hewed

hide

hid

hit

hit

hold

held

hurt

hurt

inlay

inlaid

keep

kept

kneel

knelt,kneeled

knit

knitted,knit

know

knew

lade

laded

lay

laid

lead

led

lean

leaned,leant

leap

leapt,leaped

learn

learnt,learned

leave

left

lend

lent

let

let

lie

lay

lie

lied

light

lit

light

lighted

lose

lost

make

made

may

might

mean

meant

meet

met

melt

melted

misdeal

misdealt

misgive

misgave

mislay

mislaid

mislead

misled

mistake

mistook

misunderstand

misunderstood

mow

mowed

must

must

ought

ought

outbid

outbade,outbid

outbreed

outbred

outdo

outdid

outeat

outate

outfight

outfought

outgo

outwent

outgrow

outgrew

outlay

outlaid

outride

outrode

outrun

outran

outsell

outsold

outshine

outshone

outshoot

outshot

outsit

outsat

outspend

outspent

outspread

outspread

outthrow

outthrew

outthrust

outthrust

outwear

outwore

overbear

overbore

overbid

overbid

overblow

overblew

overbuild

overbuilt

overbuy

overbought

overcast

overcast

overcome

overcame

overdo

overdid

overdraw

overdrew

overdrive

overdrove

overeat

overate

overfeed

overfed

overfly

overflew

overgrow

overgrew

overhang

overhung

overhear

overheard

overlade

overladed

overlay

overlaid

overleap

overleapt,overleaped

overlie

overlay

overpay

overpaid

override

overrode

overrun

overran

oversee

oversaw

oversell

oversold

overset

overset

oversew

oversewed

overshoot

overshot

oversleep

overslept

overspend

overspent

overspread

overspread

overtake

overtook

overthrow

overthrew

overwind

overwound

overwrite

overwrote

partake

partook

pay

paid

precast

precast

prechoose

prechose

prove

proved

put

put

quit

quitted,quit

read

read

reave

reaved,reft

rebuild

rebuilt

recast

recast

reeve

rove,reeved

relay

relaid

rend

rent

repay

repaid

reset

reset

retell

retold

rid

rid,ridded

ride

rode

ring

rang

rise

rose,risen

rive

riven

run

ran

saw

sawed

say

said

see

saw

seek

sought

sell

sold

send

sent

set

set

sew

sewed

shake

shook

shall

should

shave

shaved

shear

sheared

shed

shed

shine

shone,shined

shoe

shod,shoed

shoot

shot

show

showed

shred

shredded,shred

shrink

shrank,shrunk

shrive

shrove,shrived

shut

shut

sing

sang,sung

sink

sank,sunk

sit

sat

slay

slew

sleep

slept

slide

slid

sling

slung

slink

slunk

slit

slit

smell

smelt,smelled

smite

smote

sow

sowed

speak

spoke

speed

sped,speeded

spell

spelt,spelled

spend

spent

spill

spilt,spilled

spin

spun

spit

spat,spit

split

split

spoil

spoilt,spoiled

spread

spread

spring

sprang,sprung

stand

stood

stave

staved,stove

steal

stole

stick

stuck

sting

stung

stink

stank,stunk

strew

strewed

stride

strode

strike

struck

string

strung

strive

strove,strived

swear

swore

sweat

sweat,sweated

sweep

swept

swell

swelled

swim

swam

swing

swung

take

took

teach

taught

tear

tore

tell

told

think

thought

thrive

throve,thrived

throw

threw

thrust

thrust

tread

trod

unbend

unbent

unbind

unbound

unbuild

unbuilt

underbid

underbid

underbuy

underbought

undercut

undercut

underdo

underdid

underfeed

underfed

undergo

underwent

underlay

underlaid

underlet

underlet

underlie

underlay

underpay

underpaid

underrun

underran

undersell

undersold

underset

underset

undershoot

undershot

understand

understood

undertake

undertook

underwrite

underwrote

undo

undid

undraw

undrew

unfreeze

unfroze

ungird

ungirded,ungirt

unhang

unhung

unknit

unknitted,unknit

unlade

unladed

unlay

unlaid

unlearn

unlearnt,unlearned

unmake

unmade

unreeve

unrove,unreeved

unsay

unsaid

unset

unset

unsling

unslung

unspeak

unspoke

unstick

unstuck

unstring

unstrung

unswear

unswore

unteach

untaught

unthink

unthought

untread

untrod

unweave

unwove

unwind

unwound

upbuild

upbuilt

upcast

upcast

uphold

upheld

uppercut

uppercut

uprise

uprose

upset

upset

upsweep

upswept

upswing

upswung

wake

waked,woke

waylay

waylaid

wear

wore

weave

wove

wed

wedded,wed

weep

wept

weigh

weighed

wet

wetted,wet

will

would

win

won

wind

winded,wound

wit

wist

withdraw

withdrew

withhold

withheld

withstand

withstood

work

worked

work

wrought

wring

wrung

write

wrote

 

1. A---A---A型(現在式、過去式、過去分詞同形)

動詞原形(現在式) 過去式 過去分詞

cost cost cost 花費

cut cut cut 割,切

hit hit hit 打

let let let 讓

put put put 放下

read read read 讀(讀音是[red])

hurt hurt hurt 傷

2. A---A---B型(現在式和過去式同形)

beat beat beaten/ beat 打

3. A---B---A型(現在式和過去分詞同形)

come came come 來

become became become 變

run ran run 跑

4. A ---B ---B型

(1)在動詞原形后加一個輔音字母d或t構成過去式或過去分詞。

burn burnt burnt 燃燒

learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 學習

mean meant meant 意思

hear heard heard 聽見

(2)把動詞原形的最后一個輔音字母"d"改為"t"構成過去式或過去分詞。

build built built 建築

lend lent lent 借給

lose lost lost 失去

send sent sent 送

spend spent spent 花費

(3)其他

pay paid paid 付

lay laid laid 下蛋

say said said 說

bring brought brought 帶來

buy bought bought 買

think thought thought 想

catch caught caught 抓住

teach taught taught 教

fight fought fought 戰斗

sleep slept slept 睡

keep kept kept 保持

sweep swept swept 掃

stand stood stood 站

understand understood understood 明白

win won won 得勝

shine shone/shined shone/shined 發光

feel felt felt 覺得

find found found 發現

hang hanged hanged 絞死

show showed showed/ shown 展示

hang hung hung 掛

have had had 有

hold held held 盛,握

leave left left 離開

make made made 制造

meet met met 遇見

sell sold sold 賣

shoot shot shot 射擊

tell told told 告訴

smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅,聞

sit sat sat 坐

dig dug/ digged dug/ digged 挖

5. A---B---C型(現在式、過去式和過去分詞都不相同)

(1)在動詞原形后加-n或-en構成過去分詞。

be was/ were been 是

eat ate eaten 吃

fall fell fallen 落下

give gave given 給

take took taken/ took 拿

hide hid hidden/ hid 隱藏

see saw seen 看見

write wrote written 寫

ride rode ridden 騎

rise rose risen 升起

drive drove driven 駕駛

(2)過去式將-aw, -ow, -y變為-ew,過去分詞在原形后加-n,其中"fly"的過去分詞是將"y"改為"ow"再加"n"。

blow blew blown 吹

grow grew grown 生長

know knew known 知道

throw threw thrown 拋,扔

draw drew drawn 拉,繪畫

fly flew flown 飛

(3)過去式加-n或-en構成過去分詞,其中"wear"的過去分詞是將"e"改為"n"。

wear wore worn 穿

freeze froze frozen 凍結

steal stole stolen 偷

speak spoke spoken 說話

tread trod trodden/ trod 行走

break broke broken 破碎,折斷

choose chose chosen 選擇

weave wove/ weft woven/ weft 編織

wake waked/ woke waked/ waken 醒

get got gotten/ got得

forget forgot forgotten/ forgot忘記

(4)變單詞在重讀音節中的元音字母"i"分別為"a"(過去式)和"u"(過去分詞)。

begin began begun 開始

drink drank drunk 飲

ring rang/ ringed rung/ ringed 按鈴

sing sang/ sung sung 唱

swim swam swum 游泳

spin span/ spun spun 旋轉

sink sank/ sunk sunk/ sunken 沉

spring sprang/ sprung sprung 跳躍

(5)其他不規則動詞的變化。

do did done 做

go went gone 去

lie lay lain 躺

6. 情態動詞(無過去分詞)

can could 能

may might 可以

must / 必須

shall should 應該

will would 將/會

不規則動詞表

序號

動詞原形或不定式

過去式

現在分詞或動名詞

第三人稱

單數

注釋

前綴

詞根

1

bear

bore

bearing

bears

忍受,承擔

 

bear

2

forbear

forbore

forbearing

forbears

克制,忍耐

for-

bear

3

overbear

overbore

overbearing

overbears

壓服,征服

over-表示"在…之上,過度"

bear

4

bend

bent

bending

bends

彎曲,彎腰

 

bend

5

unbend

unbent

unbending

unbends

變直,伸直

un-表示"不"

bend

6

bid

bade,

bid

bidding

bids

出價,懇求,邀請,力求,企圖

 

bid

7

forbid

forbade,

forbad

forbidding

forbids

禁止,阻礙

for-

bid

8

outbid

outbid

outbidding

outbids

出價高於(別人)

out-表示"超過"

bid

9

underbid

underbid

underbidding

underbids

出價較低

under-表示"在…之下,過低"

bid

10

bind

bound

binding

binds

約束,捆綁

 

bind

11

rebind

rebound

rebinding

rebinds

重新捆綁

re-表示"重復"

bind

12

unbind

unbound

unbinding

unbinds

解開,解放

un-表示"不"

bind

13

build

built

building

builds

建造,建立

 

build

14

rebuild

rebuilt

rebuilding

rebuilds

重建,恢復

re-表示"重復"

build

15

cast

cast

casting

casts

鑄造,投擲,脫落

 

cast

16

broadcast

broadcast,

broadcasted

broadcasting

broadcasts

廣播

broad-

cast

17

forecast

forecast,

forecasted

forecasting

forecasts

預報,預測

fore-表示"預先"

cast

18

miscast

miscast

miscasting

miscasts

指配不適當的角色

mis-表示"不,錯誤"

cast

19

overcast

overcast

overcasting

overcasts

使沮喪,包縫,遮蔽

over-表示"在…之上,過度"

cast

20

recast

recast

recasting

recasts

再鑄,重塑,改正

re-表示"重復"

cast

21

come

came

coming

comes

來,成為,變得

 

come

22

become

became

becoming

becomes

變為,適合,發生

be-表示"遍及、使成為"

come

23

overcome

overcame

overcoming

overcomes

戰勝,克服

over-表示"在…之上,過度"

come

24

deal

dealt

dealing

deals

處理,分配

 

deal

25

misdeal

misdealt

misdealing

misdeals

處理不當

mis-表示"不,錯誤"

deal

26

do

did

doing

does

做,干

 

do

27

outdo

outdid

outdoing

outdoes

勝過,優於

out-表示"超過"

do

28

overdo

overdid

overdoing

overdoes

做得過分,誇張

over-表示"在…之上,過度"

do

29

redo

redid

redoing

redoes

重做

re-表示"重復"

do

30

undo

undid

undoing

undoes

松開,撤銷

un-表示"不"

do

31

draw

drew

drawing

draws

繪畫,拉,吸引

 

draw

32

withdraw

withdrew

withdrawing

withdraws

撤退,退出

with-

draw

33

fall

fell

falling

falls

落下,下降

 

fall

34

befall

befell

befalling

befalls

發生,降臨

be-表示"遍及、使成為"

fall

35

get

got

getting

gets

得到,到來,成為

 

get

36

beget

begot

begetting

begets

產生,引起

be-表示"遍及、使成為"

get

37

forget

forgot

forgetting

forgets

忘記,忽略

for-

get

38

give

gave

giving

gives

給予,贈送

 

give

39

forgive

forgave

forgiving

forgives

原諒,免除

for-

give

40

misgive

misgave

misgiving

misgives

疑慮,擔憂

mis-表示"不,錯誤"

give

 

學習中。。。

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