动词的五种形式:
1) 动词原形: 即词典中词条所给出的动词形式。用于一般现在时和不定式。
They know us well. 他们很了解我们。
Do you want to go there? 你想去那儿吗?
2) 过去式:用于表示过去发生的动作或事情。该形式通常是在动词原形后加ed。
You talked too much. 你讲得太多。
3) 过去分词: 用于被动语态和完成时态等。该形式通常是在动词原形后加ed。
Two people were killed in the accident. 有两个人在事故中丧生。
4) 现在分词:由动词原形 + ing 构与,可用于各种进行时态。
They are leaning English. 他们正在学英语。
5) 第三人称单数形式:当句子的主语为单数时,句子中的谓语动词需要用第三人称单数,第三人称单数形式通常是在动词后加 s。
He likes teaching. 他喜欢教学。
不规则动词:
| Infinitive不定式 |
Past Tense 过去式 |
| abide |
abode,abided |
| alight |
alighted,alit |
| arise |
arose |
| awake |
awoke,awaked |
| be |
were /was |
| bear |
bore |
| beat |
beat |
| become |
became |
| befall |
befell |
| beget |
begot |
| begin |
began |
| behold |
beheld |
| bend |
bent |
| bereave |
bereaved,bereft |
| beseech |
besought,beseeched |
| beset |
beset |
| bespeak |
bespoke |
| bespread |
bespread |
| bestrew |
bestrewed |
| bestride |
bestrode |
| bet |
bet,betted |
| betake |
betook |
| bethink |
bethought |
| bid |
bade,bid |
| bide |
bode,bided |
| bind |
bound |
| bite |
bit |
| bleed |
bled |
| blend |
blended,blent |
| bless |
blessed,blest |
| blow |
blew |
| break |
broke |
| breed |
bred |
| bring |
brought |
| broadcast |
broadcast,broadcasted |
| browbeat |
browbeat |
| build |
built |
| burn |
burnt,burned |
| burst |
burst |
| buy |
bought |
| can |
could |
| cast |
cast |
| catch |
caught |
| chide |
chid,chided |
| choose |
chose |
| cleave |
cleaved,cleft,clove |
| cleave |
clave |
| cling |
clung |
| clothe |
clothed,clad |
| come |
came |
| cost |
cost |
| creep |
crept |
| crow |
crowed,crew |
| cut |
cut |
| dare |
dared,durst |
| deal |
dealt |
| die |
died |
| dig |
dug |
| dispread |
dispread |
| do |
did |
| draw |
drew |
| dream |
dreamed,dreamt |
| drink |
drank |
| drive |
drove |
| dwell |
dwelt,dwelled |
| eat |
ate |
| fall |
fell |
| feed |
fed |
| feel |
felt |
| fight |
fought |
| find |
found |
| flee |
fled |
| fling |
flung |
| fly |
flew |
| flee |
fled |
| fly |
flied |
| forbear |
forbore |
| forbid |
forbade,forbad |
| forecast |
forecast,forecasted |
| fordo |
fordid |
| forego |
forewent |
| foreknow |
foreknew |
| forerun |
foreran |
| foresee |
foresaw |
| foreshow |
foreshowed |
| foretell |
foretold |
| forget |
forgot |
| forgive |
forgave |
| forsake |
forsook |
| forswear |
forswore |
| freeze |
froze |
| gainsay |
gainsaid |
| get |
got |
| gild |
gilded,gilt |
| gird |
girded,girt |
| give |
gave |
| go |
went |
| grave |
graved |
| grind |
ground |
| grow |
grew |
| hamstring |
hamstringed,hamstrung |
| hang |
hung |
| hang |
hanged |
| have |
had |
| hear |
heard |
| heave |
heaved,hove |
| hew |
hewed |
| hide |
hid |
| hit |
hit |
| hold |
held |
| hurt |
hurt |
| inlay |
inlaid |
| keep |
kept |
| kneel |
knelt,kneeled |
| knit |
knitted,knit |
| know |
knew |
| lade |
laded |
| lay |
laid |
| lead |
led |
| lean |
leaned,leant |
| leap |
leapt,leaped |
| learn |
learnt,learned |
| leave |
left |
| lend |
lent |
| let |
let |
| lie |
lay |
| lie |
lied |
| light |
lit |
| light |
lighted |
| lose |
lost |
| make |
made |
| may |
might |
| mean |
meant |
| meet |
met |
| melt |
melted |
| misdeal |
misdealt |
| misgive |
misgave |
| mislay |
mislaid |
| mislead |
misled |
| mistake |
mistook |
| misunderstand |
misunderstood |
| mow |
mowed |
| must |
must |
| ought |
ought |
| outbid |
outbade,outbid |
| outbreed |
outbred |
| outdo |
outdid |
| outeat |
outate |
| outfight |
outfought |
| outgo |
outwent |
| outgrow |
outgrew |
| outlay |
outlaid |
| outride |
outrode |
| outrun |
outran |
| outsell |
outsold |
| outshine |
outshone |
| outshoot |
outshot |
| outsit |
outsat |
| outspend |
outspent |
| outspread |
outspread |
| outthrow |
outthrew |
| outthrust |
outthrust |
| outwear |
outwore |
| overbear |
overbore |
| overbid |
overbid |
| overblow |
overblew |
| overbuild |
overbuilt |
| overbuy |
overbought |
| overcast |
overcast |
| overcome |
overcame |
| overdo |
overdid |
| overdraw |
overdrew |
| overdrive |
overdrove |
| overeat |
overate |
| overfeed |
overfed |
| overfly |
overflew |
| overgrow |
overgrew |
| overhang |
overhung |
| overhear |
overheard |
| overlade |
overladed |
| overlay |
overlaid |
| overleap |
overleapt,overleaped |
| overlie |
overlay |
| overpay |
overpaid |
| override |
overrode |
| overrun |
overran |
| oversee |
oversaw |
| oversell |
oversold |
| overset |
overset |
| oversew |
oversewed |
| overshoot |
overshot |
| oversleep |
overslept |
| overspend |
overspent |
| overspread |
overspread |
| overtake |
overtook |
| overthrow |
overthrew |
| overwind |
overwound |
| overwrite |
overwrote |
| partake |
partook |
| pay |
paid |
| precast |
precast |
| prechoose |
prechose |
| prove |
proved |
| put |
put |
| quit |
quitted,quit |
| read |
read |
| reave |
reaved,reft |
| rebuild |
rebuilt |
| recast |
recast |
| reeve |
rove,reeved |
| relay |
relaid |
| rend |
rent |
| repay |
repaid |
| reset |
reset |
| retell |
retold |
| rid |
rid,ridded |
| ride |
rode |
| ring |
rang |
| rise |
rose,risen |
| rive |
riven |
| run |
ran |
| saw |
sawed |
| say |
said |
| see |
saw |
| seek |
sought |
| sell |
sold |
| send |
sent |
| set |
set |
| sew |
sewed |
| shake |
shook |
| shall |
should |
| shave |
shaved |
| shear |
sheared |
| shed |
shed |
| shine |
shone,shined |
| shoe |
shod,shoed |
| shoot |
shot |
| show |
showed |
| shred |
shredded,shred |
| shrink |
shrank,shrunk |
| shrive |
shrove,shrived |
| shut |
shut |
| sing |
sang,sung |
| sink |
sank,sunk |
| sit |
sat |
| slay |
slew |
| sleep |
slept |
| slide |
slid |
| sling |
slung |
| slink |
slunk |
| slit |
slit |
| smell |
smelt,smelled |
| smite |
smote |
| sow |
sowed |
| speak |
spoke |
| speed |
sped,speeded |
| spell |
spelt,spelled |
| spend |
spent |
| spill |
spilt,spilled |
| spin |
spun |
| spit |
spat,spit |
| split |
split |
| spoil |
spoilt,spoiled |
| spread |
spread |
| spring |
sprang,sprung |
| stand |
stood |
| stave |
staved,stove |
| steal |
stole |
| stick |
stuck |
| sting |
stung |
| stink |
stank,stunk |
| strew |
strewed |
| stride |
strode |
| strike |
struck |
| string |
strung |
| strive |
strove,strived |
| swear |
swore |
| sweat |
sweat,sweated |
| sweep |
swept |
| swell |
swelled |
| swim |
swam |
| swing |
swung |
| take |
took |
| teach |
taught |
| tear |
tore |
| tell |
told |
| think |
thought |
| thrive |
throve,thrived |
| throw |
threw |
| thrust |
thrust |
| tread |
trod |
| unbend |
unbent |
| unbind |
unbound |
| unbuild |
unbuilt |
| underbid |
underbid |
| underbuy |
underbought |
| undercut |
undercut |
| underdo |
underdid |
| underfeed |
underfed |
| undergo |
underwent |
| underlay |
underlaid |
| underlet |
underlet |
| underlie |
underlay |
| underpay |
underpaid |
| underrun |
underran |
| undersell |
undersold |
| underset |
underset |
| undershoot |
undershot |
| understand |
understood |
| undertake |
undertook |
| underwrite |
underwrote |
| undo |
undid |
| undraw |
undrew |
| unfreeze |
unfroze |
| ungird |
ungirded,ungirt |
| unhang |
unhung |
| unknit |
unknitted,unknit |
| unlade |
unladed |
| unlay |
unlaid |
| unlearn |
unlearnt,unlearned |
| unmake |
unmade |
| unreeve |
unrove,unreeved |
| unsay |
unsaid |
| unset |
unset |
| unsling |
unslung |
| unspeak |
unspoke |
| unstick |
unstuck |
| unstring |
unstrung |
| unswear |
unswore |
| unteach |
untaught |
| unthink |
unthought |
| untread |
untrod |
| unweave |
unwove |
| unwind |
unwound |
| upbuild |
upbuilt |
| upcast |
upcast |
| uphold |
upheld |
| uppercut |
uppercut |
| uprise |
uprose |
| upset |
upset |
| upsweep |
upswept |
| upswing |
upswung |
| wake |
waked,woke |
| waylay |
waylaid |
| wear |
wore |
| weave |
wove |
| wed |
wedded,wed |
| weep |
wept |
| weigh |
weighed |
| wet |
wetted,wet |
| will |
would |
| win |
won |
| wind |
winded,wound |
| wit |
wist |
| withdraw |
withdrew |
| withhold |
withheld |
| withstand |
withstood |
| work |
worked |
| work |
wrought |
| wring |
wrung |
| write |
wrote |
1. A---A---A型(现在式、过去式、过去分词同形)
动词原形(现在式) 过去式 过去分词
cost cost cost 花费
cut cut cut 割,切
hit hit hit 打
let let let 让
put put put 放下
read read read 读(读音是[red])
hurt hurt hurt 伤
2. A---A---B型(现在式和过去式同形)
beat beat beaten/ beat 打
3. A---B---A型(现在式和过去分词同形)
come came come 来
become became become 变
run ran run 跑
4. A ---B ---B型
(1)在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。
burn burnt burnt 燃烧
learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习
mean meant meant 意思
hear heard heard 听见
(2)把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母"d"改为"t"构成过去式或过去分词。
build built built 建筑
lend lent lent 借给
lose lost lost 失去
send sent sent 送
spend spent spent 花费
(3)其他
pay paid paid 付
lay laid laid 下蛋
say said said 说
bring brought brought 带来
buy bought bought 买
think thought thought 想
catch caught caught 抓住
teach taught taught 教
fight fought fought 战斗
sleep slept slept 睡
keep kept kept 保持
sweep swept swept 扫
stand stood stood 站
understand understood understood 明白
win won won 得胜
shine shone/shined shone/shined 发光
feel felt felt 觉得
find found found 发现
hang hanged hanged 绞死
show showed showed/ shown 展示
hang hung hung 挂
have had had 有
hold held held 盛,握
leave left left 离开
make made made 制造
meet met met 遇见
sell sold sold 卖
shoot shot shot 射击
tell told told 告诉
smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅,闻
sit sat sat 坐
dig dug/ digged dug/ digged 挖
5. A---B---C型(现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同)
(1)在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。
be was/ were been 是
eat ate eaten 吃
fall fell fallen 落下
give gave given 给
take took taken/ took 拿
hide hid hidden/ hid 隐藏
see saw seen 看见
write wrote written 写
ride rode ridden 骑
rise rose risen 升起
drive drove driven 驾驶
(2)过去式将-aw, -ow, -y变为-ew,过去分词在原形后加-n,其中"fly"的过去分词是将"y"改为"ow"再加"n"。
blow blew blown 吹
grow grew grown 生长
know knew known 知道
throw threw thrown 抛,扔
draw drew drawn 拉,绘画
fly flew flown 飞
(3)过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词,其中"wear"的过去分词是将"e"改为"n"。
wear wore worn 穿
freeze froze frozen 冻结
steal stole stolen 偷
speak spoke spoken 说话
tread trod trodden/ trod 行走
break broke broken 破碎,折断
choose chose chosen 选择
weave wove/ weft woven/ weft 编织
wake waked/ woke waked/ waken 醒
get got gotten/ got得
forget forgot forgotten/ forgot忘记
(4)变单词在重读音节中的元音字母"i"分别为"a"(过去式)和"u"(过去分词)。
begin began begun 开始
drink drank drunk 饮
ring rang/ ringed rung/ ringed 按铃
sing sang/ sung sung 唱
swim swam swum 游泳
spin span/ spun spun 旋转
sink sank/ sunk sunk/ sunken 沉
spring sprang/ sprung sprung 跳跃
(5)其他不规则动词的变化。
do did done 做
go went gone 去
lie lay lain 躺
6. 情态动词(无过去分词)
can could 能
may might 可以
must / 必须
shall should 应该
will would 将/会
不规则动词表
| 序号 |
动词原形或不定式 |
过去式 |
现在分词或动名词 |
第三人称 单数 |
注释 |
前缀 |
词根 |
| 1 |
bear |
bore |
bearing |
bears |
忍受,承担 |
bear |
|
| 2 |
forbear |
forbore |
forbearing |
forbears |
克制,忍耐 |
for- |
bear |
| 3 |
overbear |
overbore |
overbearing |
overbears |
压服,征服 |
over-表示"在…之上,过度" |
bear |
| 4 |
bend |
bent |
bending |
bends |
弯曲,弯腰 |
bend |
|
| 5 |
unbend |
unbent |
unbending |
unbends |
变直,伸直 |
un-表示"不" |
bend |
| 6 |
bid |
bade, bid |
bidding |
bids |
出价,恳求,邀请,力求,企图 |
bid |
|
| 7 |
forbid |
forbade, forbad |
forbidding |
forbids |
禁止,阻碍 |
for- |
bid |
| 8 |
outbid |
outbid |
outbidding |
outbids |
出价高于(别人) |
out-表示"超过" |
bid |
| 9 |
underbid |
underbid |
underbidding |
underbids |
出价较低 |
under-表示"在…之下,过低" |
bid |
| 10 |
bind |
bound |
binding |
binds |
约束,捆绑 |
bind |
|
| 11 |
rebind |
rebound |
rebinding |
rebinds |
重新捆绑 |
re-表示"重复" |
bind |
| 12 |
unbind |
unbound |
unbinding |
unbinds |
解开,解放 |
un-表示"不" |
bind |
| 13 |
build |
built |
building |
builds |
建造,建立 |
build |
|
| 14 |
rebuild |
rebuilt |
rebuilding |
rebuilds |
重建,恢复 |
re-表示"重复" |
build |
| 15 |
cast |
cast |
casting |
casts |
铸造,投掷,脱落 |
cast |
|
| 16 |
broadcast |
broadcast, broadcasted |
broadcasting |
broadcasts |
广播 |
broad- |
cast |
| 17 |
forecast |
forecast, forecasted |
forecasting |
forecasts |
预报,预测 |
fore-表示"预先" |
cast |
| 18 |
miscast |
miscast |
miscasting |
miscasts |
指配不适当的角色 |
mis-表示"不,错误" |
cast |
| 19 |
overcast |
overcast |
overcasting |
overcasts |
使沮丧,包缝,遮蔽 |
over-表示"在…之上,过度" |
cast |
| 20 |
recast |
recast |
recasting |
recasts |
再铸,重塑,改正 |
re-表示"重复" |
cast |
| 21 |
come |
came |
coming |
comes |
来,成为,变得 |
come |
|
| 22 |
become |
became |
becoming |
becomes |
变为,适合,发生 |
be-表示"遍及、使成为" |
come |
| 23 |
overcome |
overcame |
overcoming |
overcomes |
战胜,克服 |
over-表示"在…之上,过度" |
come |
| 24 |
deal |
dealt |
dealing |
deals |
处理,分配 |
deal |
|
| 25 |
misdeal |
misdealt |
misdealing |
misdeals |
处理不当 |
mis-表示"不,错误" |
deal |
| 26 |
do |
did |
doing |
does |
做,干 |
do |
|
| 27 |
outdo |
outdid |
outdoing |
outdoes |
胜过,优于 |
out-表示"超过" |
do |
| 28 |
overdo |
overdid |
overdoing |
overdoes |
做得过分,夸张 |
over-表示"在…之上,过度" |
do |
| 29 |
redo |
redid |
redoing |
redoes |
重做 |
re-表示"重复" |
do |
| 30 |
undo |
undid |
undoing |
undoes |
松开,撤销 |
un-表示"不" |
do |
| 31 |
draw |
drew |
drawing |
draws |
绘画,拉,吸引 |
draw |
|
| 32 |
withdraw |
withdrew |
withdrawing |
withdraws |
撤退,退出 |
with- |
draw |
| 33 |
fall |
fell |
falling |
falls |
落下,下降 |
fall |
|
| 34 |
befall |
befell |
befalling |
befalls |
发生,降临 |
be-表示"遍及、使成为" |
fall |
| 35 |
get |
got |
getting |
gets |
得到,到来,成为 |
get |
|
| 36 |
beget |
begot |
begetting |
begets |
产生,引起 |
be-表示"遍及、使成为" |
get |
| 37 |
forget |
forgot |
forgetting |
forgets |
忘记,忽略 |
for- |
get |
| 38 |
give |
gave |
giving |
gives |
给予,赠送 |
give |
|
| 39 |
forgive |
forgave |
forgiving |
forgives |
原谅,免除 |
for- |
give |
| 40 |
misgive |
misgave |
misgiving |
misgives |
疑虑,担忧 |
mis-表示"不,错误" |
give |
学习中。。。
