名詞（可數不可數，所有格）

 

 主謂一致：

一般來說，不可數名詞用動詞單數，可數名詞復數用動詞復數，但當不可數名詞前有表示數量的復數名詞時，謂語動詞用復數形式。

主語是單數形式，謂語也采取單數形式；主語是復數形式，謂語必須采取復數形式.

不定式，動名詞，以及從句作主語時應看作單數，謂語動詞用單數.

不定代詞及each作主語或是修飾主語時應看作單數，謂語動詞用單數.neither, either,everyone, anyone, someone

表示國家，機構，事件，作品等名稱的專有名詞作主語時應看作單數，謂語動詞用單數.

a series of,a kind of,the number of等與名詞構成名詞短語作主語時看作單數，謂語動詞用單數.（什么的什么）

有些短語，如：a lot of,most of,any of,half of,three fifths of,eighty percent of,some of,none of,the rest of,all of等后接不可數名詞，或是單數形式的名詞作主語時應看作單數，謂語動詞用單數；但如果后接可數名詞的復數形式作主語時應看作復數，謂語動詞用復數.（量詞）

表示時間，金錢，距離，體積，重量，面積，數字等詞語作主語時，其意義若是指總量應看作單數，謂語動詞用單數；但如果其意義是指"有多少數量"則應該看作是復數，那么謂語動詞也應該用復數.

這一原則是指，謂語動詞的人稱和數常常與最近作主語的詞語保持一致.常出現在這類句子中的連詞有：or,either… or …，neither… nor …，not only… but also …there be等.例如：

主語由“more than one/a(an)”修飾時，謂語用單數;但如果是“more+名詞的復數+than one”這一結構時，后面的謂語動詞要用復數。

and的時候同一個概念用單數，不同概念用復數

Butter and bread—is— their daily food, but the bread and the butter_and__ up now. 

 

1. 一般的名詞詞尾直接加-s 。如：

book → books room → rooms pear→pears

house → houses day → days song→songs

2. 以s, x, ch, sh結尾的名詞，在詞尾加-es 。如：

bus → buses box → boxes

watch → watches dish → dishes

3. 以"輔音字母+y"結尾的名詞，要先將y改為i再加-es。如：

city → cities body → bodies story→stories

factory → factories

4. 以o結尾的名詞，通常有生命的加es無生命的加s。如：

無生命：piano→ pianos radio→radios

有生命：potato→potatoes

5.以f 或fe 結尾的名詞，要將f或fe改為v再加-es。如：

half → halves leaf → leaves

knife → knives wife → wives

6)不規則名詞：foot→feet, goose→geese, tooth→teeth, child→children, man→me n, woman→women, sheep→sheep, deer→deer, mouse→mice.

7、對可數名詞前的修飾語提問用how many; 對不可數名詞前的修飾語提問用how much。 如：

How many apples are there in the box?

翻譯：盒子里有多少個蘋果？

How much tea is there in the cup?

翻譯：杯里有多少茶水？

8，不可數也可以加the表示特指，可數名詞也可以加the

 

最常見的不可數名詞有:baggage, change(零錢), furniture, hair, homework, information, knowledge, luggage, money, news, progress, traffic ,beef,mutton,broccoli,orange(橘子，橘子汁，橙色)

 

其它不可數名詞還有：absence, age, anger, bread,courage, energy, equipment, experience, failure, fear, food, fun, health, ice, industry, kindness, labour, luck, marriage, music, nature, paper, peace, pleasure, power, pride, rain, research, respect, safety, salt, sand, silence, sleep, strength, snow, technology, time, trade, transport, travel, trust, truth, waste, water, wealth, weather, wind, work（工作）

英文裡，不可數名詞通常是屬於以下這幾種類型：

1. 材質：

wood, metal, glass, paper, cloth, cotton, silk, plastic, concrete, rubber, clay

2. 氣體與液體：

air, gas, steam, smoke, pollution, oxygen; water, blood, sweat, shampoo, paint

3. 食物、飲料、農作物、固體與半固體日用品：

food, meat, beef, pork, bread, pasta, cheese, ketchup, mayonnaise, chocolate, oil, soy

sauce; milk, juice, coffee, tea, water, wine, beer; wheat, rice, corn/maize, grass, sugar cane; glue, soap, toothpaste, shoe polish

4. 由微粒／細條組成，或成片的物質：

dirt, sand, powder, flour, sugar, salt, pepper, cinnamon; hair, fur, skin

5. 自然現象：

weather, wind, rain, snow, ice, fog, dew, humidity, thunder, lightning, electricity, sunshine, heat, cold, gravity, time

6. 組合與總稱（集合名詞）：

furniture, bedding, clothing, underwear, fruit, machinery, housing, traffic, jewelry, medicine, makeup, money, cattle, poultry, equipment, software, baggage, luggage, mail, research, homework, grammar, vocabulary, alphabet, information, slang, gossip, feedback, staff, faculty, audience, stuff, junk, garbage

7. 活動、動名詞、疾病：

basketball, tennis, chess, work, sleep, music, leisure; running, swimming, cleaning; cancer, pneumonia, polio

8. 抽象概念與學科：

truth, happiness, honesty, beauty, death, fun, help, intelligence, knowledge, progress, information, advice; science, history, literature, law, art, religion