例：給區間[L,R]加首項為s，公差為d的等差數列
a[ ]表示原數組，b[ ]表示a的差分數組，c[ ]表示b的差分數組
a[i] = a[i]+s+(i-L)*d , L<=i<=R
b[L] = a[L]+s-a[L-1] = b[L]+s
b[i] = a[i]+d-a[i-1] = b[i]+d , L<i<=R
b[R+1] = a[R+1]-[a[R]+s+(R-L)*d] = b[R+1]-s-(R-L)*d
c[L] = b[L]+s-b[L-1] = c[L]+s
c[L+1] = b[L+1]+d-(b[L]+s) = c[L+1]+d-s
c[i] = b[i]-b[i-1] = c[i] , L<i<=R
c[R+1] = b[R+1]-s-(R-L)*d-b[R] = c[R+1]-s-(R-L)*d
c[R+2] = b[R+2]-[b[R+1]-s-(R-L)*d] = c[R+2]+s+(R-L)*d
對c數組求一次前綴和得b數組，再求一次得a數組