引言:循環依賴就是N個類中循環嵌套引用,如果在日常開發中我們用new 對象的方式發生這種循環依賴的話程序會在運行時一直循環調用,直至內存溢出報錯。下面說一下Spring是如果解決循環依賴的。
第一種:構造器參數循環依賴
表示通過構造器注入構成的循環依賴,此依賴是無法解決的,只能拋出BeanCurrentlyIn CreationException異常表示循環依賴。
如在創建TestA類時,構造器需要TestB類,那將去創建TestB,在創建TestB類時又發現需要TestC類,則又去創建TestC,最終在創建TestC時發現又需要TestA,從而形成一個環,沒辦法創建。
Spring容器會將每一個正在創建的Bean 標識符放在一個“當前創建Bean池”中,Bean標識符在創建過程中將一直保持
在這個池中,因此如果在創建Bean過程中發現自己已經在“當前創建Bean池”里時將拋出
BeanCurrentlyInCreationException異常表示循環依賴;而對於創建完畢的Bean將從“當前創建Bean池”中清除掉。
首先我們先初始化三個Bean。
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public
class
StudentA {
private
StudentB studentB ;
public
void
setStudentB(StudentB studentB) {
this
.studentB = studentB;
}
public
StudentA() {
}
public
StudentA(StudentB studentB) {
this
.studentB = studentB;
}
}
|
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public
class
StudentB {
private
StudentC studentC ;
public
void
setStudentC(StudentC studentC) {
this
.studentC = studentC;
}
public
StudentB() {
}
public
StudentB(StudentC studentC) {
this
.studentC = studentC;
}
}
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public
class
StudentC {
private
StudentA studentA ;
public
void
setStudentA(StudentA studentA) {
this
.studentA = studentA;
}
public
StudentC() {
}
public
StudentC(StudentA studentA) {
this
.studentA = studentA;
}
}
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OK,上面是很基本的3個類,,StudentA有參構造是StudentB。StudentB的有參構造是StudentC,StudentC的有參構造是StudentA ,這樣就產生了一個循環依賴的情況,我們都把這三個Bean交給Spring管理,並用有參構造實例化
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<
bean
id
=
"a"
class
=
"com.zfx.student.StudentA"
>
<
constructor-arg
index
=
"0"
ref
=
"b"
></
constructor-arg
>
</
bean
>
<
bean
id
=
"b"
class
=
"com.zfx.student.StudentB"
>
<
constructor-arg
index
=
"0"
ref
=
"c"
></
constructor-arg
>
</
bean
>
<
bean
id
=
"c"
class
=
"com.zfx.student.StudentC"
>
<
constructor-arg
index
=
"0"
ref
=
"a"
></
constructor-arg
>
</
bean
>
|
下面是測試類:
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public
class
Test {
public
static
void
main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context =
new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
"com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml"
);
//System.out.println(context.getBean("a", StudentA.class));
}
}
|
執行結果報錯信息為:
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException:
Error creating bean with name 'a': Requested bean is currently in creation: Is there an unresolvable circular reference?
如果大家理解開頭那句話的話,這個報錯應該不驚訝,Spring容器先創建單例StudentA,StudentA依賴StudentB,然后將A放在“當前創建Bean池”中,此時創建StudentB,StudentB依賴StudentC ,然后將B放在“當前創建Bean池”中,此時創建StudentC,StudentC又依賴StudentA, 但是,此時Student已經在池中,所以會報錯,,因為在池中的Bean都是未初始化完的,所以會依賴錯誤 ,(初始化完的Bean會從池中移除)
第二種:setter方式單例,默認方式
如果要說setter方式注入的話,我們最好先看一張Spring中Bean實例化的圖
如圖中前兩步驟得知:Spring是先將Bean對象實例化之后再設置對象屬性的
修改配置文件為set方式注入
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<!--scope="singleton"(默認就是單例方式) -->
<
bean
id
=
"a"
class
=
"com.zfx.student.StudentA"
scope
=
"singleton"
>
<
property
name
=
"studentB"
ref
=
"b"
></
property
>
</
bean
>
<
bean
id
=
"b"
class
=
"com.zfx.student.StudentB"
scope
=
"singleton"
>
<
property
name
=
"studentC"
ref
=
"c"
></
property
>
</
bean
>
<
bean
id
=
"c"
class
=
"com.zfx.student.StudentC"
scope
=
"singleton"
>
<
property
name
=
"studentA"
ref
=
"a"
></
property
>
</
bean
>
|
下面是測試類:
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public
class
Test {
public
static
void
main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context =
new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
"com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml"
);
System.out.println(context.getBean(
"a"
, StudentA.
class
));
}
}
|
打印結果為:
com.zfx.student.StudentA@1fbfd6
為什么用set方式就不報錯了呢 ?
我們結合上面那張圖看,Spring先是用構造實例化Bean對象 ,此時Spring會將這個實例化結束的對象放到一個Map中,並且Spring提供了獲取這個未設置屬性的實例化對象引用的方法。 結合我們的實例來看,,當Spring實例化了StudentA、StudentB、StudentC后,緊接着會去設置對象的屬性,此時StudentA依賴StudentB,就會去Map中取出存在里面的單例StudentB對象,以此類推,不會出來循環的問題嘍、
下面是Spring源碼中的實現方法,。以下的源碼在Spring的Bean包中的DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java類中
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/** Cache of singleton objects: bean name --> bean instance(緩存單例實例化對象的Map集合) */
private
final
Map<String, Object> singletonObjects =
new
ConcurrentHashMap<String, Object>(
64
);
/** Cache of singleton factories: bean name --> ObjectFactory(單例的工廠Bean緩存集合) */
private
final
Map<String, ObjectFactory> singletonFactories =
new
HashMap<String, ObjectFactory>(
16
);
/** Cache of early singleton objects: bean name --> bean instance(早期的單身對象緩存集合) */
private
final
Map<String, Object> earlySingletonObjects =
new
HashMap<String, Object>(
16
);
/** Set of registered singletons, containing the bean names in registration order(單例的實例化對象名稱集合) */
private
final
Set<String> registeredSingletons =
new
LinkedHashSet<String>(
64
);
/**
* 添加單例實例
* 解決循環引用的問題
* Add the given singleton factory for building the specified singleton
* if necessary.
* <p>To be called for eager registration of singletons, e.g. to be able to
* resolve circular references.
* @param beanName the name of the bean
* @param singletonFactory the factory for the singleton object
*/
protected
void
addSingletonFactory(String beanName, ObjectFactory singletonFactory) {
Assert.notNull(singletonFactory,
"Singleton factory must not be null"
);
synchronized
(
this
.singletonObjects) {
if
(!
this
.singletonObjects.containsKey(beanName)) {
this
.singletonFactories.put(beanName, singletonFactory);
this
.earlySingletonObjects.remove(beanName);
this
.registeredSingletons.add(beanName);
}
}
}
|
第三種:setter方式原型,prototype
對於"prototype"作用域bean,Spring容器無法完成依賴注入,因為Spring容器不進行緩存"prototype"作用域的bean,因此無法提前暴露一個創建中的bean。
修改配置文件為:
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<
bean
id
=
"a"
class
=
"com.zfx.student.StudentA"
<span
style
=
"color:#FF0000;"
>scope="prototype"</
span
>>
<
property
name
=
"studentB"
ref
=
"b"
></
property
>
</
bean
>
<
bean
id
=
"b"
class
=
"com.zfx.student.StudentB"
<span
style
=
"color:#FF0000;"
>scope="prototype"</
span
>>
<
property
name
=
"studentC"
ref
=
"c"
></
property
>
</
bean
>
<
bean
id
=
"c"
class
=
"com.zfx.student.StudentC"
<span
style
=
"color:#FF0000;"
>scope="prototype"</
span
>>
<
property
name
=
"studentA"
ref
=
"a"
></
property
>
</
bean
>
|
scope="prototype" 意思是 每次請求都會創建一個實例對象。兩者的區別是:有狀態的bean都使用Prototype作用域,無狀態的一般都使用singleton單例作用域。
測試用例:
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public
class
Test {
public
static
void
main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context =
new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
"com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml"
);
<strong>
//此時必須要獲取Spring管理的實例,因為現在scope="prototype" 只有請求獲取的時候才會實例化對象</strong>
System.out.println(context.getBean(
"a"
, StudentA.
class
));
}
}
|
打印結果:
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException:
Error creating bean with name 'a': Requested bean is currently in creation: Is there an unresolvable circular reference?
為什么原型模式就報錯了呢 ?
對於“prototype”作用域Bean,Spring容器無法完成依賴注入,因為“prototype”作用域的Bean,Spring容
器不進行緩存,因此無法提前暴露一個創建中的Bean。
以上就是本文的全部內容,希望對大家的學習有所幫助,也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。
原文鏈接:http://blog.csdn.net/u010644448/article/details/59108799