Spring循環依賴的三種方式


 引言:循環依賴就是N個類中循環嵌套引用,如果在日常開發中我們用new 對象的方式發生這種循環依賴的話程序會在運行時一直循環調用,直至內存溢出報錯。下面說一下spring是如果解決循環依賴的。

第一種:構造器參數循環依賴

Spring容器會將每一個正在創建的Bean 標識符放在一個“當前創建Bean池”中,Bean標識符在創建過程中將一直保持
在這個池中,因此如果在創建Bean過程中發現自己已經在“當前創建Bean池”里時將拋出
BeanCurrentlyInCreationException異常表示循環依賴;而對於創建完畢的Bean將從“當前創建Bean池”中清除掉。

首先我們先初始化三個Bean。

 1 public class StudentA {  
 2   
 3     private StudentB studentB ;  
 4   
 5     public void setStudentB(StudentB studentB) {  
 6         this.studentB = studentB;  
 7     }  
 8   
 9     public StudentA() {  
10     }  
11       
12     public StudentA(StudentB studentB) {  
13         this.studentB = studentB;  
14     }  
15 } 
 1 public class StudentB {  
 2   
 3     private StudentC studentC ;  
 4   
 5     public void setStudentC(StudentC studentC) {  
 6         this.studentC = studentC;  
 7     }  
 8       
 9     public StudentB() {  
10     }  
11   
12     public StudentB(StudentC studentC) {  
13         this.studentC = studentC;  
14     }  
15 }  
 1 public class StudentC {  
 2   
 3     private StudentA studentA ;  
 4   
 5     public void setStudentA(StudentA studentA) {  
 6         this.studentA = studentA;  
 7     }  
 8   
 9     public StudentC() {  
10     }  
11    
12     public StudentC(StudentA studentA) {  
13         this.studentA = studentA;  
14     }  
15 } 

OK,上面是很基本的3個類,,StudentA有參構造是StudentB。StudentB的有參構造是StudentC,StudentC的有參構造是StudentA ,這樣就產生了一個循環依賴的情況,

我們都把這三個Bean交給Spring管理,並用有參構造實例化

1 <bean id="a" class="com.zfx.student.StudentA">  
2     <constructor-arg index="0" ref="b"></constructor-arg>  
3 </bean>  
4 <bean id="b" class="com.zfx.student.StudentB">  
5     <constructor-arg index="0" ref="c"></constructor-arg>  
6 </bean>  
7 <bean id="c" class="com.zfx.student.StudentC">  
8     <constructor-arg index="0" ref="a"></constructor-arg>  
9 </bean>

下面是測試類:

1 public class Test {  
2     public static void main(String[] args) {  
3         ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml");  
4         //System.out.println(context.getBean("a", StudentA.class));  
5     }  
6 }  

執行結果報錯信息為:

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException:   
    Error creating bean with name 'a': Requested bean is currently in creation: Is there an unresolvable circular reference?  

如果大家理解開頭那句話的話,這個報錯應該不驚訝,Spring容器先創建單例StudentA,StudentA依賴StudentB,然后將A放在“當前創建Bean池”中,此時創建StudentB,StudentB依賴StudentC ,然后將B放在“當前創建Bean池”中,此時創建StudentC,StudentC又依賴StudentA, 但是,此時Student已經在池中,所以會報錯,,因為在池中的Bean都是未初始化完的,所以會依賴錯誤 ,(初始化完的Bean會從池中移除)

第二種:setter方式單例,默認方式

如果要說setter方式注入的話,我們最好先看一張Spring中Bean實例化的圖

如圖中前兩步驟得知:Spring是先將Bean對象實例化之后再設置對象屬性的

修改配置文件為set方式注入:

 1 <!--scope="singleton"(默認就是單例方式)  -->  
 2 <bean id="a" class="com.zfx.student.StudentA" scope="singleton">  
 3     <property name="studentB" ref="b"></property>  
 4 </bean>  
 5 <bean id="b" class="com.zfx.student.StudentB" scope="singleton">  
 6     <property name="studentC" ref="c"></property>  
 7 </bean>  
 8 <bean id="c" class="com.zfx.student.StudentC" scope="singleton">  
 9     <property name="studentA" ref="a"></property>  
10 </bean>

下面是測試類:

1 public class Test {  
2     public static void main(String[] args) {  
3         ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml");  
4         System.out.println(context.getBean("a", StudentA.class));  
5     }  
6 } 

打印結果為:

com.zfx.student.StudentA@1fbfd6  

為什么用set方式就不報錯了呢 ?

    我們結合上面那張圖看,Spring先是用構造實例化Bean對象 ,此時Spring會將這個實例化結束的對象放到一個Map中,並且Spring提供了獲取這個未設置屬性的實例化對象引用的方法。   結合我們的實例來看,,當Spring實例化了StudentA、StudentB、StudentC后,緊接着會去設置對象的屬性,此時StudentA依賴StudentB,就會去Map中取出存在里面的單例StudentB對象,以此類推,不會出來循環的問題嘍、

下面是Spring源碼中的實現方法,。以下的源碼在Spring的Bean包中的DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.Java類中

 1   /** Cache of singleton objects: bean name --> bean instance(緩存單例實例化對象的Map集合) */  
 2     private final Map<String, Object> singletonObjects = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Object>(64);  
 3       
 4     /** Cache of singleton factories: bean name --> ObjectFactory(單例的工廠Bean緩存集合) */  
 5     private final Map<String, ObjectFactory> singletonFactories = new HashMap<String, ObjectFactory>(16);  
 6       
 7     /** Cache of early singleton objects: bean name --> bean instance(早期的單身對象緩存集合) */  
 8     private final Map<String, Object> earlySingletonObjects = new HashMap<String, Object>(16);  
 9       
10     /** Set of registered singletons, containing the bean names in registration order(單例的實例化對象名稱集合) */  
11     private final Set<String> registeredSingletons = new LinkedHashSet<String>(64);  
12     /** 
13      * 添加單例實例 
14      * 解決循環引用的問題 
15      * Add the given singleton factory for building the specified singleton 
16      * if necessary. 
17      * <p>To be called for eager registration of singletons, e.g. to be able to 
18      * resolve circular references. 
19      * @param beanName the name of the bean 
20      * @param singletonFactory the factory for the singleton object 
21      */  
22     protected void addSingletonFactory(String beanName, ObjectFactory singletonFactory) {  
23         Assert.notNull(singletonFactory, "Singleton factory must not be null");  
24         synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {  
25             if (!this.singletonObjects.containsKey(beanName)) {  
26                 this.singletonFactories.put(beanName, singletonFactory);  
27                 this.earlySingletonObjects.remove(beanName);  
28                 this.registeredSingletons.add(beanName);  
29             }  
30         }  
31     }

第三種:setter方式原型,prototype

修改配置文件為:

1     <bean id="a" class="com.zfx.student.StudentA" <span style="color:#FF0000;">scope="prototype"</span>>  
2         <property name="studentB" ref="b"></property>  
3     </bean>  
4     <bean id="b" class="com.zfx.student.StudentB" <span style="color:#FF0000;">scope="prototype"</span>>  
5         <property name="studentC" ref="c"></property>  
6     </bean>  
7     <bean id="c" class="com.zfx.student.StudentC" <span style="color:#FF0000;">scope="prototype"</span>>  
8         <property name="studentA" ref="a"></property>  
9     </bean>

scope="prototype" 意思是 每次請求都會創建一個實例對象。兩者的區別是:有狀態的bean都使用Prototype作用域,無狀態的一般都使用singleton單例作用域。

測試用例:

1 public class Test {  
2     public static void main(String[] args) {  
3         ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml");  
4         <strong>//此時必須要獲取Spring管理的實例,因為現在scope="prototype" 只有請求獲取的時候才會實例化對象</strong>  
5         System.out.println(context.getBean("a", StudentA.class));  
6     }  
7 }  

打印結果:

1 Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'a': Requested bean is currently in creation: Is there an unresolvable circular reference?

為什么原型模式就報錯了呢 ?

對於“prototype”作用域Bean,Spring容器無法完成依賴注入,因為“prototype”作用域的Bean,Spring容
器不進行緩存,因此無法提前暴露一個創建中的Bean。

文章轉載自:http://blog.csdn.net/u010644448/article/details/59108799


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