引言:循環依賴就是N個類中循環嵌套引用,如果在日常開發中我們用new 對象的方式發生這種循環依賴的話程序會在運行時一直循環調用,直至內存溢出報錯。下面說一下spring是如果解決循環依賴的。
第一種:構造器參數循環依賴
Spring容器會將每一個正在創建的Bean 標識符放在一個“當前創建Bean池”中,Bean標識符在創建過程中將一直保持
在這個池中,因此如果在創建Bean過程中發現自己已經在“當前創建Bean池”里時將拋出
BeanCurrentlyInCreationException異常表示循環依賴;而對於創建完畢的Bean將從“當前創建Bean池”中清除掉。
首先我們先初始化三個Bean。
1 public class StudentC { 2 3 private StudentA studentA ; 4 5 public void setStudentA(StudentA studentA) { 6 this.studentA = studentA; 7 } 8 9 public StudentC() { 10 } 11 12 public StudentC(StudentA studentA) { 13 this.studentA = studentA; 14 } 15 }
OK,上面是很基本的3個類,,StudentA有參構造是StudentB。StudentB的有參構造是StudentC,StudentC的有參構造是StudentA ,這樣就產生了一個循環依賴的情況,
我們都把這三個Bean交給Spring管理,並用有參構造實例化
1 <bean id="a" class="com.zfx.student.StudentA"> 2 <constructor-arg index="0" ref="b"></constructor-arg> 3 </bean> 4 <bean id="b" class="com.zfx.student.StudentB"> 5 <constructor-arg index="0" ref="c"></constructor-arg> 6 </bean> 7 <bean id="c" class="com.zfx.student.StudentC"> 8 <constructor-arg index="0" ref="a"></constructor-arg> 9 </bean>
下面是測試類:
1 public class Test { 2 public static void main(String[] args) { 3 ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml"); 4 //System.out.println(context.getBean("a", StudentA.class)); 5 } 6 }
執行結果報錯信息為:
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException:
Error creating bean with name 'a': Requested bean is currently in creation: Is there an unresolvable circular reference?
如果大家理解開頭那句話的話,這個報錯應該不驚訝,Spring容器先創建單例StudentA,StudentA依賴StudentB,然后將A放在“當前創建Bean池”中,此時創建StudentB,StudentB依賴StudentC ,然后將B放在“當前創建Bean池”中,此時創建StudentC,StudentC又依賴StudentA, 但是,此時Student已經在池中,所以會報錯,,因為在池中的Bean都是未初始化完的,所以會依賴錯誤 ,(初始化完的Bean會從池中移除)
第二種:setter方式單例,默認方式
如果要說setter方式注入的話,我們最好先看一張Spring中Bean實例化的圖

如圖中前兩步驟得知:Spring是先將Bean對象實例化之后再設置對象屬性的
修改配置文件為set方式注入:
1 <!--scope="singleton"(默認就是單例方式) --> 2 <bean id="a" class="com.zfx.student.StudentA" scope="singleton"> 3 <property name="studentB" ref="b"></property> 4 </bean> 5 <bean id="b" class="com.zfx.student.StudentB" scope="singleton"> 6 <property name="studentC" ref="c"></property> 7 </bean> 8 <bean id="c" class="com.zfx.student.StudentC" scope="singleton"> 9 <property name="studentA" ref="a"></property> 10 </bean>
下面是測試類:
1 public class Test { 2 public static void main(String[] args) { 3 ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml"); 4 System.out.println(context.getBean("a", StudentA.class)); 5 } 6 }
打印結果為:
com.zfx.student.StudentA@1fbfd6
為什么用set方式就不報錯了呢 ?
我們結合上面那張圖看,Spring先是用構造實例化Bean對象 ,此時Spring會將這個實例化結束的對象放到一個Map中,並且Spring提供了獲取這個未設置屬性的實例化對象引用的方法。 結合我們的實例來看,,當Spring實例化了StudentA、StudentB、StudentC后,緊接着會去設置對象的屬性,此時StudentA依賴StudentB,就會去Map中取出存在里面的單例StudentB對象,以此類推,不會出來循環的問題嘍、
下面是Spring源碼中的實現方法,。以下的源碼在Spring的Bean包中的DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.Java類中
1 /** Cache of singleton objects: bean name --> bean instance(緩存單例實例化對象的Map集合) */ 2 private final Map<String, Object> singletonObjects = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Object>(64); 3 4 /** Cache of singleton factories: bean name --> ObjectFactory(單例的工廠Bean緩存集合) */ 5 private final Map<String, ObjectFactory> singletonFactories = new HashMap<String, ObjectFactory>(16); 6 7 /** Cache of early singleton objects: bean name --> bean instance(早期的單身對象緩存集合) */ 8 private final Map<String, Object> earlySingletonObjects = new HashMap<String, Object>(16); 9 10 /** Set of registered singletons, containing the bean names in registration order(單例的實例化對象名稱集合) */ 11 private final Set<String> registeredSingletons = new LinkedHashSet<String>(64); 12 /** 13 * 添加單例實例 14 * 解決循環引用的問題 15 * Add the given singleton factory for building the specified singleton 16 * if necessary. 17 * <p>To be called for eager registration of singletons, e.g. to be able to 18 * resolve circular references. 19 * @param beanName the name of the bean 20 * @param singletonFactory the factory for the singleton object 21 */ 22 protected void addSingletonFactory(String beanName, ObjectFactory singletonFactory) { 23 Assert.notNull(singletonFactory, "Singleton factory must not be null"); 24 synchronized (this.singletonObjects) { 25 if (!this.singletonObjects.containsKey(beanName)) { 26 this.singletonFactories.put(beanName, singletonFactory); 27 this.earlySingletonObjects.remove(beanName); 28 this.registeredSingletons.add(beanName); 29 } 30 } 31 }
第三種:setter方式原型,prototype
修改配置文件為:
1 <bean id="a" class="com.zfx.student.StudentA" <span style="color:#FF0000;">scope="prototype"</span>> 2 <property name="studentB" ref="b"></property> 3 </bean> 4 <bean id="b" class="com.zfx.student.StudentB" <span style="color:#FF0000;">scope="prototype"</span>> 5 <property name="studentC" ref="c"></property> 6 </bean> 7 <bean id="c" class="com.zfx.student.StudentC" <span style="color:#FF0000;">scope="prototype"</span>> 8 <property name="studentA" ref="a"></property> 9 </bean>
scope="prototype" 意思是 每次請求都會創建一個實例對象。兩者的區別是:有狀態的bean都使用Prototype作用域,無狀態的一般都使用singleton單例作用域。
測試用例:
1 public class Test { 2 public static void main(String[] args) { 3 ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml"); 4 <strong>//此時必須要獲取Spring管理的實例,因為現在scope="prototype" 只有請求獲取的時候才會實例化對象</strong> 5 System.out.println(context.getBean("a", StudentA.class)); 6 } 7 }
打印結果:
1 Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'a': Requested bean is currently in creation: Is there an unresolvable circular reference?
為什么原型模式就報錯了呢 ?
對於“prototype”作用域Bean,Spring容器無法完成依賴注入,因為“prototype”作用域的Bean,Spring容
器不進行緩存,因此無法提前暴露一個創建中的Bean。
文章轉載自:http://blog.csdn.net/u010644448/article/details/59108799
