Spring循環依賴及解決方式


引言:循環依賴就是N個類中循環嵌套引用,如果在日常開發中我們用new 對象的方式發生這種循環依賴的話程序會在運行時一直循環調用,直至內存溢出報錯。下面說一下Spring是如果解決循環依賴的。

第一種:構造器參數循環依賴

Spring容器會將每一個正在創建的Bean 標識符放在一個“當前創建Bean池”中,Bean標識符在創建過程中將一直保持在這個池中。

因此如果在創建Bean過程中發現自己已經在“當前創建Bean池”里時將拋出BeanCurrentlyInCreationException異常表示循環依賴;而對於創建完畢的Bean將從“當前創建Bean池”中清除掉。

首先我們先初始化三個Bean。

public class StudentA {
 
    private StudentB studentB ;
 
    public void setStudentB(StudentB studentB) {
        this.studentB = studentB;
    }
 
    public StudentA() {
    }
 
    public StudentA(StudentB studentB) {
        this.studentB = studentB;
    }
 
}
 
 
public class StudentB {
 
    private StudentC studentC ;
 
    public void setStudentC(StudentC studentC) {
        this.studentC = studentC;
    }
 
    public StudentB() {
 
    }
 
    public StudentB(StudentC studentC) {
        this.studentC = studentC;
    }
 
}
 
 
public class StudentC {
 
    private StudentA studentA ;
 
    public void setStudentA(StudentA studentA) {
        this.studentA = studentA;
    }
 
    public StudentC() {
 
    }
 
    public StudentC(StudentA studentA) {
        this.studentA = studentA;
    }
 
}
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OK,上面是很基本的3個類,,StudentA有參構造是StudentB。StudentB的有參構造是StudentC,StudentC的有參構造是StudentA ,這樣就產生了一個循環依賴的情況,
我們都把這三個Bean交給Spring管理,並用有參構造實例化。

<bean id="a" class="com.zfx.student.StudentA">
     <constructor-arg index="0" ref="b"></constructor-arg>
 </bean>
 <bean id="b" class="com.zfx.student.StudentB">
     <constructor-arg index="0" ref="c"></constructor-arg>
 </bean>
 <bean id="c" class="com.zfx.student.StudentC">
     <constructor-arg index="0" ref="a"></constructor-arg>
 </bean> 

下面是測試類:

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml");
        //System.out.println(context.getBean("a", StudentA.class));
    }
}

執行結果報錯信息為:

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException: 
    Error creating bean with name 'a': Requested bean is currently in creation: Is there an unresolvable circular reference?

  如果大家理解開頭那句話的話,這個報錯應該不驚訝,Spring容器先創建單例StudentA,StudentA依賴StudentB,然后將A放在“當前創建Bean池”中,此時創建StudentB,StudentB依賴StudentC ,然后將B放在“當前創建Bean池”中,此時創建StudentC,StudentC又依賴StudentA, 但是,此時StudentA已經在池中,所以會報錯,,因為在池中的Bean都是未初始化完的,所以會產生依賴錯誤 。(初始化完的Bean會從池中移除)

第二種:setter方式單例

如果要說setter方式注入的話,我們最好先看一張Spring中Bean實例化的圖

 

如圖中前兩步驟得知:Spring是先將Bean對象實例化之后再設置對象屬性的

修改配置文件為set方式注入

<!--scope="singleton"(默認就是單例方式)  -->
    <bean id="a" class="com.zfx.student.StudentA" scope="singleton">
        <property name="studentB" ref="b"></property>
    </bean>
    <bean id="b" class="com.zfx.student.StudentB" scope="singleton">
        <property name="studentC" ref="c"></property>
    </bean>
    <bean id="c" class="com.zfx.student.StudentC" scope="singleton">
        <property name="studentA" ref="a"></property>
    </bean>

下面是測試類:

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml");
        System.out.println(context.getBean("a", StudentA.class));
    }
}

打印結果為:

com.zfx.student.StudentA@1fbfd6

為什么用set方式就不報錯了呢 ?

我們結合上面那張圖看,Spring先是用構造器實例化Bean對象 ,此時Spring會將這個實例化結束的對象放到一個Map中,並且Spring提供了獲取這個未設置屬性的實例化對象引用的方法(提前暴露)。 

結合我們的實例來看,當Spring實例化了StudentA、StudentB、StudentC后,緊接着會去設置對象的屬性,此時StudentA依賴StudentB,就會去Map中取出存在里面的單例StudentB對象,以此類推,不會出現循環的問題嘍。

下面是Spring源碼中的實現方法。以下的源碼在Spring的Bean包中的DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java類中。

/** Cache of singleton objects: bean name --> bean instance(緩存單例實例化對象的Map集合) */
    private final Map<String, Object> singletonObjects = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Object>(64);
 
    /** Cache of singleton factories: bean name --> ObjectFactory(單例的工廠Bean緩存集合) */
    private final Map<String, ObjectFactory> singletonFactories = new HashMap<String, ObjectFactory>(16);
 
    /** Cache of early singleton objects: bean name --> bean instance(早期的單身對象緩存集合) */
    private final Map<String, Object> earlySingletonObjects = new HashMap<String, Object>(16);
 
    /** Set of registered singletons, containing the bean names in registration order(單例的實例化對象名稱集合) */
    private final Set<String> registeredSingletons = new LinkedHashSet<String>(64);
    /**
     * 添加單例實例
     * 解決循環引用的問題
     * Add the given singleton factory for building the specified singleton
     * if necessary.
     * <p>To be called for eager registration of singletons, e.g. to be able to
     * resolve circular references.
     * @param beanName the name of the bean
     * @param singletonFactory the factory for the singleton object
     */
    protected void addSingletonFactory(String beanName, ObjectFactory singletonFactory) {
        Assert.notNull(singletonFactory, "Singleton factory must not be null");
        synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {
            if (!this.singletonObjects.containsKey(beanName)) {
                this.singletonFactories.put(beanName, singletonFactory);
                this.earlySingletonObjects.remove(beanName);
                this.registeredSingletons.add(beanName);
            }
        }
    }
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參閱:https://blog.csdn.net/chejinqiang/article/details/80003868

第三種:setter方式原型,prototype

修改配置文件為:

<bean id="a" class="com.zfx.student.StudentA" scope="prototype">
        <property name="studentB" ref="b"></property>
    </bean>
    <bean id="b" class="com.zfx.student.StudentB" scope="prototype">
        <property name="studentC" ref="c"></property>
    </bean>
    <bean id="c" class="com.zfx.student.StudentC" scope="prototype">
        <property name="studentA" ref="a"></property>
    </bean>

scope="prototype" 意思是 每次請求都會創建一個實例對象。

兩者的區別是:有狀態的bean都使用Prototype作用域,無狀態的一般都使用singleton單例作用域。

測試用例:

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml");
        //此時必須要獲取Spring管理的實例,因為現在scope="prototype" 只有請求獲取的時候才會實例化對象
        System.out.println(context.getBean("a", StudentA.class));
    }
}

打印結果:

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException: 
    Error creating bean with name 'a': Requested bean is currently in creation: Is there an unresolvable circular reference?

為什么原型模式就報錯了呢?

對於“prototype”作用域Bean,Spring容器無法完成依賴注入,因為“prototype”作用域的Bean,Spring容器不進行緩存,因此無法提前暴露一個創建中的Bean。

 

 

參考文章:

https://blog.csdn.net/u010644448

 


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