引言:循环依赖就是N个类中循环嵌套引用,如果在日常开发中我们用new 对象的方式发生这种循环依赖的话程序会在运行时一直循环调用,直至内存溢出报错。下面说一下Spring是如果解决循环依赖的。
第一种:构造器参数循环依赖
表示通过构造器注入构成的循环依赖,此依赖是无法解决的,只能抛出BeanCurrentlyIn CreationException异常表示循环依赖。
如在创建TestA类时,构造器需要TestB类,那将去创建TestB,在创建TestB类时又发现需要TestC类,则又去创建TestC,最终在创建TestC时发现又需要TestA,从而形成一个环,没办法创建。
Spring容器会将每一个正在创建的Bean 标识符放在一个“当前创建Bean池”中,Bean标识符在创建过程中将一直保持
在这个池中,因此如果在创建Bean过程中发现自己已经在“当前创建Bean池”里时将抛出
BeanCurrentlyInCreationException异常表示循环依赖;而对于创建完毕的Bean将从“当前创建Bean池”中清除掉。
首先我们先初始化三个Bean。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
|
public
class
StudentA {
private
StudentB studentB ;
public
void
setStudentB(StudentB studentB) {
this
.studentB = studentB;
}
public
StudentA() {
}
public
StudentA(StudentB studentB) {
this
.studentB = studentB;
}
}
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
|
public
class
StudentB {
private
StudentC studentC ;
public
void
setStudentC(StudentC studentC) {
this
.studentC = studentC;
}
public
StudentB() {
}
public
StudentB(StudentC studentC) {
this
.studentC = studentC;
}
}
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
|
public
class
StudentC {
private
StudentA studentA ;
public
void
setStudentA(StudentA studentA) {
this
.studentA = studentA;
}
public
StudentC() {
}
public
StudentC(StudentA studentA) {
this
.studentA = studentA;
}
}
|
OK,上面是很基本的3个类,,StudentA有参构造是StudentB。StudentB的有参构造是StudentC,StudentC的有参构造是StudentA ,这样就产生了一个循环依赖的情况,我们都把这三个Bean交给Spring管理,并用有参构造实例化
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
|
<
bean
id
=
"a"
class
=
"com.zfx.student.StudentA"
>
<
constructor-arg
index
=
"0"
ref
=
"b"
></
constructor-arg
>
</
bean
>
<
bean
id
=
"b"
class
=
"com.zfx.student.StudentB"
>
<
constructor-arg
index
=
"0"
ref
=
"c"
></
constructor-arg
>
</
bean
>
<
bean
id
=
"c"
class
=
"com.zfx.student.StudentC"
>
<
constructor-arg
index
=
"0"
ref
=
"a"
></
constructor-arg
>
</
bean
>
|
下面是测试类:
1
2
3
4
5
6
|
public
class
Test {
public
static
void
main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context =
new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
"com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml"
);
//System.out.println(context.getBean("a", StudentA.class));
}
}
|
执行结果报错信息为:
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException:
Error creating bean with name 'a': Requested bean is currently in creation: Is there an unresolvable circular reference?
如果大家理解开头那句话的话,这个报错应该不惊讶,Spring容器先创建单例StudentA,StudentA依赖StudentB,然后将A放在“当前创建Bean池”中,此时创建StudentB,StudentB依赖StudentC ,然后将B放在“当前创建Bean池”中,此时创建StudentC,StudentC又依赖StudentA, 但是,此时Student已经在池中,所以会报错,,因为在池中的Bean都是未初始化完的,所以会依赖错误 ,(初始化完的Bean会从池中移除)
第二种:setter方式单例,默认方式
如果要说setter方式注入的话,我们最好先看一张Spring中Bean实例化的图
如图中前两步骤得知:Spring是先将Bean对象实例化之后再设置对象属性的
修改配置文件为set方式注入
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
|
<!--scope="singleton"(默认就是单例方式) -->
<
bean
id
=
"a"
class
=
"com.zfx.student.StudentA"
scope
=
"singleton"
>
<
property
name
=
"studentB"
ref
=
"b"
></
property
>
</
bean
>
<
bean
id
=
"b"
class
=
"com.zfx.student.StudentB"
scope
=
"singleton"
>
<
property
name
=
"studentC"
ref
=
"c"
></
property
>
</
bean
>
<
bean
id
=
"c"
class
=
"com.zfx.student.StudentC"
scope
=
"singleton"
>
<
property
name
=
"studentA"
ref
=
"a"
></
property
>
</
bean
>
|
下面是测试类:
1
2
3
4
5
6
|
public
class
Test {
public
static
void
main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context =
new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
"com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml"
);
System.out.println(context.getBean(
"a"
, StudentA.
class
));
}
}
|
打印结果为:
com.zfx.student.StudentA@1fbfd6
为什么用set方式就不报错了呢 ?
我们结合上面那张图看,Spring先是用构造实例化Bean对象 ,此时Spring会将这个实例化结束的对象放到一个Map中,并且Spring提供了获取这个未设置属性的实例化对象引用的方法。 结合我们的实例来看,,当Spring实例化了StudentA、StudentB、StudentC后,紧接着会去设置对象的属性,此时StudentA依赖StudentB,就会去Map中取出存在里面的单例StudentB对象,以此类推,不会出来循环的问题喽、
下面是Spring源码中的实现方法,。以下的源码在Spring的Bean包中的DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java类中
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
|
/** Cache of singleton objects: bean name --> bean instance(缓存单例实例化对象的Map集合) */
private
final
Map<String, Object> singletonObjects =
new
ConcurrentHashMap<String, Object>(
64
);
/** Cache of singleton factories: bean name --> ObjectFactory(单例的工厂Bean缓存集合) */
private
final
Map<String, ObjectFactory> singletonFactories =
new
HashMap<String, ObjectFactory>(
16
);
/** Cache of early singleton objects: bean name --> bean instance(早期的单身对象缓存集合) */
private
final
Map<String, Object> earlySingletonObjects =
new
HashMap<String, Object>(
16
);
/** Set of registered singletons, containing the bean names in registration order(单例的实例化对象名称集合) */
private
final
Set<String> registeredSingletons =
new
LinkedHashSet<String>(
64
);
/**
* 添加单例实例
* 解决循环引用的问题
* Add the given singleton factory for building the specified singleton
* if necessary.
* <p>To be called for eager registration of singletons, e.g. to be able to
* resolve circular references.
* @param beanName the name of the bean
* @param singletonFactory the factory for the singleton object
*/
protected
void
addSingletonFactory(String beanName, ObjectFactory singletonFactory) {
Assert.notNull(singletonFactory,
"Singleton factory must not be null"
);
synchronized
(
this
.singletonObjects) {
if
(!
this
.singletonObjects.containsKey(beanName)) {
this
.singletonFactories.put(beanName, singletonFactory);
this
.earlySingletonObjects.remove(beanName);
this
.registeredSingletons.add(beanName);
}
}
}
|
第三种:setter方式原型,prototype
对于"prototype"作用域bean,Spring容器无法完成依赖注入,因为Spring容器不进行缓存"prototype"作用域的bean,因此无法提前暴露一个创建中的bean。
修改配置文件为:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
|
<
bean
id
=
"a"
class
=
"com.zfx.student.StudentA"
<span
style
=
"color:#FF0000;"
>scope="prototype"</
span
>>
<
property
name
=
"studentB"
ref
=
"b"
></
property
>
</
bean
>
<
bean
id
=
"b"
class
=
"com.zfx.student.StudentB"
<span
style
=
"color:#FF0000;"
>scope="prototype"</
span
>>
<
property
name
=
"studentC"
ref
=
"c"
></
property
>
</
bean
>
<
bean
id
=
"c"
class
=
"com.zfx.student.StudentC"
<span
style
=
"color:#FF0000;"
>scope="prototype"</
span
>>
<
property
name
=
"studentA"
ref
=
"a"
></
property
>
</
bean
>
|
scope="prototype" 意思是 每次请求都会创建一个实例对象。两者的区别是:有状态的bean都使用Prototype作用域,无状态的一般都使用singleton单例作用域。
测试用例:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
|
public
class
Test {
public
static
void
main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context =
new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
"com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml"
);
<strong>
//此时必须要获取Spring管理的实例,因为现在scope="prototype" 只有请求获取的时候才会实例化对象</strong>
System.out.println(context.getBean(
"a"
, StudentA.
class
));
}
}
|
打印结果:
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException:
Error creating bean with name 'a': Requested bean is currently in creation: Is there an unresolvable circular reference?
为什么原型模式就报错了呢 ?
对于“prototype”作用域Bean,Spring容器无法完成依赖注入,因为“prototype”作用域的Bean,Spring容
器不进行缓存,因此无法提前暴露一个创建中的Bean。
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。
原文链接:http://blog.csdn.net/u010644448/article/details/59108799