基本步驟：分區——格式化——掛載——寫入文件
1、首先用fdisk -l命令查看添加的硬盤名稱，可以看到sdb為新增的硬盤
[root@oracle ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0006b59c Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 39 307200 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 39 2358 18631680 83 Linux /dev/sda3 2358 2611 2031616 82 Linux swap / Solaris
2、進行分區，輸入m查看提示
[root@oracle ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x09f38795.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
分析：主要參數的解析
1. 輸入 m 顯示所有命令列示。
2. 輸入 p 顯示硬盤分割情形，打印分區表。
3. 輸入 a 設定硬盤啟動區。
4. 輸入 n 創建新的硬盤分割區。
4.1. 輸入 e 硬盤為[延伸]分割區(extend)。
4.2. 輸入 p 硬盤為[主要]分割區(primary)。
5. 輸入 t 改變硬盤分割區屬性。
t:分區系統id號
L:82:linux swap
83:linux
86：NTFS window分區
6. 輸入 d 刪除硬盤分割區屬性。
7. 輸入 q 結束不存入硬盤分割區屬性。
8. 輸入 w 結束並寫入硬盤分割區屬性
3、輸入n創建新的硬盤分區——輸入p創建主分區——輸入1設置一個分區——回車——回車（默認全部空間）
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended ···擴展分區
p primary partition (1-4) ···主分區
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-2610, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610):
Using default value 2610
4、輸入p查看分區情況——輸入w保存退出（一定要w保存不然無效）
Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x09f38795 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 2610 20964793+ 83 Linux Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.
5、mkfs命令格式化磁盤
[root@oracle ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1 mkfs.ext4: invalid fragment size - /dev/sdb1
6、mount命令掛載分區
[root@oracle ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /oracle/ You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root [root@oracle ~]# df -TH Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 ext4 19G 11G 7.3G 60% / tmpfs tmpfs 2.1G 74k 2.1G 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 ext4 297M 29M 253M 11% /boot /dev/sdb1 ext4 22G 47M 20G 1% /oracle
7、添加到/etc/fstab文件下保存退出否則重啟后硬盤消失
/dev/sdb1 /oracle ext4 defaults,noatime 0 0