教務管理系統設計總結

一、概述

教務管理系統，是一個管理教師、學生信息和管理教師、學生事務的管理系統，該系統分為教師端、學生端和管理員端，其權限比較：管理員>教師>學生，管理員負責管理教師、學生、賬號各信息，教師負責向學生端發布作業信息和批改學生作業，學生端接受作業后將作業提交至教師端，三者中管理員權限最大也最辛苦，可由教師賬號和學生賬號選舉產生，由管理員授權

二、項目結構及執行流程

1.執行流程

技術架構

學生端

教師端

管理員

2.項目結構

以 maven 為容器，SpringBoot+Vue 架構，前后端分離

后端

SpringBoot+MyBatis Plus+SpringMVC

前端

Vue+Axios+Element UI

開發環境

jdk1.8

MySQL8.0.20

Vue @vue/cli 4.5.15

三、數據庫

表結構

腳本

-- 教務管理系統
CREATE DATABASE studentworksystem;

USE studentworksystem;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for class
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `class`;
CREATE TABLE `class`
(
    `Class_Id`   int(0)                                                       NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '班級編號',
    `Class_Name` varchar(64) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '班級名稱',
    PRIMARY KEY (`Class_Id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB
  AUTO_INCREMENT = 11
  CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4
  COLLATE = utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci
  ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for student
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `student`;
CREATE TABLE `student`
(
    `Student_Id`      int(0)                                                         NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '編號',
    `Student_Name`    varchar(64) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci   NOT NULL COMMENT '學生姓名',
    `Student_Age`     int(0)                                                         NOT NULL COMMENT '學生年齡',
    `Student_Sex`     varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci   NOT NULL COMMENT '學生性別',
    `Student_Address` varchar(1024) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '學生居住地',
    `Class_ID`        int(0)                                                         NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '班級編號',
    `User_ID`         int(0)                                                         NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用戶編號',
    PRIMARY KEY (`Student_Id`) USING BTREE,
    INDEX `Student_Work_fk` (`Class_ID`) USING BTREE,
    INDEX `Student_User_fk` (`User_ID`) USING BTREE,
    CONSTRAINT `Student_User_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`User_ID`) REFERENCES `user` (`User_Id`) ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE,
    CONSTRAINT `Student_Work_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`Class_ID`) REFERENCES `class` (`Class_Id`) ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE
) ENGINE = InnoDB
  AUTO_INCREMENT = 204
  CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4
  COLLATE = utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci
  ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for student_work
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `student_work`;
CREATE TABLE `student_work`
(
    `Student_Work_Id` int(0)                                                         NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '編號',
    `Student_ID`      int(0)                                                         NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '學生編號',
    `Work_ID`         int(0)                                                         NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '作業編號',
    `Student_Work`    varchar(3072) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '學生作業',
    `Student_Source`  double                                                         NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT '學生成績',
    PRIMARY KEY (`Student_Work_Id`) USING BTREE,
    INDEX `Student_fk` (`Student_ID`) USING BTREE,
    INDEX `SWork_fk` (`Work_ID`) USING BTREE,
    CONSTRAINT `Student_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`Student_ID`) REFERENCES `student` (`Student_Id`) ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE,
    CONSTRAINT `SWork_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`Work_ID`) REFERENCES `work` (`Work_Id`) ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE
) ENGINE = InnoDB
  AUTO_INCREMENT = 235
  CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4
  COLLATE = utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci
  ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for teacher
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `teacher`;
CREATE TABLE `teacher`
(
    `Teacher_Id`      int(0)                                                         NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '編號',
    `Teacher_Name`    varchar(64) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci   NOT NULL COMMENT '教師姓名',
    `Teacher_Age`     int(0)                                                         NOT NULL COMMENT '教師年齡',
    `Teacher_Sex`     varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci   NOT NULL COMMENT '教師性別',
    `Teacher_Address` varchar(1024) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '教師居住地',
    `User_ID`         int(0)                                                         NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用戶編號',
    PRIMARY KEY (`Teacher_Id`) USING BTREE,
    INDEX `Teacher_User_fk` (`User_ID`) USING BTREE,
    CONSTRAINT `Teacher_User_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`User_ID`) REFERENCES `user` (`User_Id`) ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE
) ENGINE = InnoDB
  AUTO_INCREMENT = 53
  CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4
  COLLATE = utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci
  ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for user
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`;
CREATE TABLE `user`
(
    `User_Id`          int(0)                                                       NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '編號',
    `User_Name`        varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '用戶姓名',
    `User_Password`    varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '用戶密碼',
    `User_Deleted`     int(0)                                                       NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT '凍結指數',
    `User_Create_Time` datetime(0)                                                  NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(0) COMMENT '創建時間',
    `User_Update_Time` datetime(0)                                                  NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(0) ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(0) COMMENT '修改時間',
    `User_Identity`    int(0)                                                       NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT '身份碼',
    `User_Admin`       int(0)                                                       NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT '管理員碼',
    PRIMARY KEY (`User_Id`) USING BTREE,
    UNIQUE INDEX `username` (`User_Name`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB
  AUTO_INCREMENT = 263
  CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4
  COLLATE = utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci
  ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for work
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `work`;
CREATE TABLE `work`
(
    `Work_Id`      int(0)                                                         NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '編號',
    `Work_Name`    varchar(1024) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '作業姓名',
    `Work_Content` varchar(3072) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '作業要求',
    `Teacher_Id`   int(0)                                                         NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '教師編號',
    `Class_Id`     int(0)                                                         NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '班級編號',
    PRIMARY KEY (`Work_Id`) USING BTREE,
    INDEX `Class_Work_fk` (`Class_Id`) USING BTREE,
    INDEX `Teacher_Work_fk` (`Teacher_Id`) USING BTREE,
    CONSTRAINT `Class_Work_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`Class_Id`) REFERENCES `class` (`Class_Id`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE,
    CONSTRAINT `Teacher_Work_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`Teacher_Id`) REFERENCES `teacher` (`Teacher_Id`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE
) ENGINE = InnoDB
  AUTO_INCREMENT = 71
  CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4
  COLLATE = utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci
  ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;

四、后端開發

后端依托 springboot 這個大框架為主體，mybatis plus 作為數據層，springMVC 為表現層

1.核心結構

數據層

以 mybatis plus 為框架

業務層

直接與數據層交互

表現層

與業務層交互

2.核心業務代碼

由於項目前后端分離，在這里用於與前端交互數據，前端向后端服務器發送各種請求，后端將返回 Json 用於響應

3.前端需發送的請求如下：

所有請求的前綴為 http://[后端服務器地址]:[端口號]，以下請求均以此向后添加字段即可

注意：由於響應的字符串為 Json 字符串，以下我將羅列響應和請求的 Json 各 key 值的含義，方便理解

以下為 java 實體類源碼，其中 Json 以實體類定義的各對象屬性字段為 key 值，帶有@TableId(type = IdType.AUTO)為數據庫主鍵，帶有@TableField(exist = false)注解的代表數據庫中沒有該字段但實體類操作過程中必須的字段

//班級
@TableId(type = IdType.AUTO)
    private Long classId;//班級編號
    private String className;//班級名稱
    @TableField(exist = false)
    private List<Work> classWorks;//班級作業

//學生
@TableId(type = IdType.AUTO)
    private Long studentId;//編號
    private String studentName;//學生姓名
    private Long classId;//班級編號
    private Long userId;//用戶編號
    @TableField(exist = false)
    private String className;//班級名稱
    private Integer studentAge;//學生年齡
    private String studentSex;//學生性別
    private String studentAddress;//學生地址
    @TableField(exist = false)
    private List<StudentWork> studentWorks;//學生作業

//學生作業
@TableId(type = IdType.AUTO)
    private Long studentWorkId;//學生作業編號
    private Long studentId;//學生編號
    private Long workId;//作業編號
    private String studentWork;//學生作業
    private Double studentSource;//作業分數
    @TableField(exist = false)
    private String studentName;//學生姓名

//教師
@TableId(type = IdType.AUTO)
    private Long teacherId;//編號
    private String teacherName;//教師姓名
    private int teacherAge;//教師年齡
    private String teacherSex;//教師性別
    private String teacherAddress;//教師地址
    private Long userId;//用戶編號

//用戶
@TableId(type = IdType.AUTO)
    private Long userId;//編號
    private String userName;//用戶名
    @TableField(exist = false)
    private String newUserName;//新用戶名
    private String userPassword;//用戶密碼
    @TableField(exist = false)
    private String newUserPassWord;//新密碼
    @TableLogic
    private Integer userDeleted;//凍結指數
    @TableField(fill = FieldFill.INSERT)
    private Date userCreateTime;//創建時間
    @TableField(fill = FieldFill.INSERT_UPDATE)
    private Date userUpdateTime;//修改時間
    private Integer userIdentity;//用戶身份
    private Integer userAdmin;//管理員標識
    @TableField(exist = false)
    private String userRealName;//用戶真實姓名
    @TableField(exist = false)
    private String className;//用戶班級
    @TableField(exist = false)
    private String address;//用戶地址
    @TableField(exist = false)
    private String Identity;//身份
    @TableField(exist = false)
    private String Admin;//權限

//作業
@TableId(type = IdType.AUTO)
    private Long workId;//作業編號
    private String workName;//作業名稱
    private String workContent;//作業要求
    private Long teacherId;//教師編號
    private Long classId;//班級編號
    @TableField(exist = false)
    private String teacherName;//布置人
    @TableField(exist = false)
    private String className;//班級名

//Json
private boolean status;//狀態信息
private Object data;//數據