Spring之獲取應用上下文對象


Spring集成Web環境

分析

應用上下文對象是通過new ClasspathXmlApplicationContext(spring配置文件)方式獲取的,但是每次從容器中獲得Bean時都要編寫new ClasspathXmlApplicationContext(spring配置文件),這樣的弊端是配置文件會加載多次,應用上下文對象創建多次。

在Web項目中,可以使用ServletContextListener監聽Web應用的啟動,我們可以在Web應用啟動時,就加載Spring的配置文件,創建應用上下文對象ApplicationContext,再將其存儲到最大的域servletContext域中,這樣就可以在任意位置從域中獲。得應用上下文對象ApplicationContext對象了。

實現

Spring提供了一個監聽器ContextLoaderListener就是對上述功能的封裝,該監聽器內部加載Spring配置文件,創建應用上下文對象,並存儲到ServletContext域中,提供了一個客戶端工具WebApplicationContextUtils供使用者獲得應用上下文對象。

操作

  1. 導入spring-web坐標
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency
  1. 在web.xml中配置ContextLoaderListener監聽器
    <!--    指定配置文件路徑,該標簽盡量放在前面!!!-->
    <!--    全局初始化參數-->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>

<!--配置監聽器-->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
  1. 通過工具獲得應用上下文對象
package com.itheima.listener;

import com.itheima.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;

public class ContextLoaderListener implements ServletContextListener {

    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) {
        ServletContext servletContext = servletContextEvent.getServletContext();
        //讀取web.xml中的全局參數
        String contextConfigLocation = servletContext.getInitParameter("contextConfigLocation");
        ApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(contextConfigLocation);
        //將Spring的應用上下文對象存儲到ServletContext域中
        servletContext.setAttribute("app",app);
        System.out.println("spring容器創建完畢....");
    }

    public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) {

    }
}
package com.itheima.listener;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;

// 工具類,返回創建好的spring容器
public class WebApplicationContextUtils {

    public static ApplicationContext getWebApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext){
        return (ApplicationContext) servletContext.getAttribute("app");
    }

}
package com.itheima.web;

import com.itheima.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.context.support.WebApplicationContextUtils;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class UserServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//        //ApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
//      ApplicationContext app = (ApplicationContext) servletContext.getAttribute("app");
//        ApplicationContext app = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(servletContext);

        // 通過spring-web獲取應用上下文對象
        ApplicationContext webApplicationContext = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(servletContext);

        // 示例獲取創建好的Bean
        UserService userService = webApplicationContext.getBean(UserService.class);
        userService.save();
    }
}


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