Spring集成Web环境
分析
应用上下文对象是通过new ClasspathXmlApplicationContext(spring配置文件)
方式获取的,但是每次从容器中获得Bean时都要编写new ClasspathXmlApplicationContext(spring配置文件)
,这样的弊端是配置文件会加载多次,应用上下文对象创建多次。
在Web项目中,可以使用ServletContextListener
监听Web应用的启动,我们可以在Web应用启动时,就加载Spring的配置文件,创建应用上下文对象ApplicationContext,再将其存储到最大的域servletContext域中,这样就可以在任意位置从域中获。得应用上下文对象ApplicationContext对象了。
实现
Spring提供了一个监听器ContextLoaderListener就是对上述功能的封装,该监听器内部加载Spring配置文件,创建应用上下文对象,并存储到ServletContext域中,提供了一个客户端工具WebApplicationContextUtils供使用者获得应用上下文对象。
操作
- 导入spring-web坐标
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency
- 在web.xml中配置ContextLoaderListener监听器
<!-- 指定配置文件路径,该标签尽量放在前面!!!-->
<!-- 全局初始化参数-->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!--配置监听器-->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
- 通过工具获得应用上下文对象
package com.itheima.listener;
import com.itheima.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
public class ContextLoaderListener implements ServletContextListener {
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) {
ServletContext servletContext = servletContextEvent.getServletContext();
//读取web.xml中的全局参数
String contextConfigLocation = servletContext.getInitParameter("contextConfigLocation");
ApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(contextConfigLocation);
//将Spring的应用上下文对象存储到ServletContext域中
servletContext.setAttribute("app",app);
System.out.println("spring容器创建完毕....");
}
public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) {
}
}
package com.itheima.listener;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
// 工具类,返回创建好的spring容器
public class WebApplicationContextUtils {
public static ApplicationContext getWebApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext){
return (ApplicationContext) servletContext.getAttribute("app");
}
}
package com.itheima.web;
import com.itheima.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.context.support.WebApplicationContextUtils;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public class UserServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// //ApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
// ApplicationContext app = (ApplicationContext) servletContext.getAttribute("app");
// ApplicationContext app = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
// 通过spring-web获取应用上下文对象
ApplicationContext webApplicationContext = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
// 示例获取创建好的Bean
UserService userService = webApplicationContext.getBean(UserService.class);
userService.save();
}
}