Keil5 HAL庫操作 flash 存儲數據(stm32f103c6t6),實現斷電保存數據

 想實現斷電保存少量的一些數據，stm32內部flash 排除運行程序占用空間后，還有剩余空間，可以把這些空間利用起來。

在操作前，推薦先看一下flash 存儲 頁、扇區、塊概念和flash 每頁地址,推薦： https://blog.csdn.net/ybhuangfugui/article/details/121463317

如果只是單純想存、取數據，那就只關注頁、每頁大小、每頁開始地址就可以了。

stm32f103c6t6 共 32 頁， 每頁 1kb(1024字節)，也就是說，有32kb的斷電保存空間,減去運行程序占用空間，剩下的，都是可操作空間。

涉及到基本感念:

8bit = 1b(byte 字節), 1024kb = 1Mb

uint8_t類型 占用 8bit(1b)

uint16_t類型 占用 16bit(2b)

uint32_t類型 占用 32bit(4b) 

uint64_t類型 占用 64bit(8b)

第一頁開始地址: 0x8000000   結束地址： 0x80003FF

此處可以打開計算器試着計算一下: 

 

 

獲取運行程序實際大小:

在keil5中，執行rebuild, 完成后在結果中找到:

 

 

把這幾個值加起來，除1024(值的單位是b(byte))： 4244 + 292 + 16 + 1128 = 5680 ;  5680 / 1024 = 5.54kb,相當於程序占用了5頁半，就當六頁算。

在操作flash存儲數據時，為防止影響到程序代碼，可以隔一頁，寫數據。從第七頁開始存儲,(不一定必須隔一頁，只是個人習慣)

0x8000000 + (1024 * 6) = 0x8001800

此處乘 6不是 乘7,是因為頁是從0開始的，0頁地址是0x8000000，1頁就是 0x8000000 + (1024) ,2頁就是 0x8000000 + (1024 * 2).....

比如存儲一個uint16_t類型數據,因為uint16_t占2字節,所以,0x8001800 + 2 = 0x8001802，這個變量內容就存儲在:0x8001801和0x8001802兩個地址中。

 以下是我寫的測試代碼方法，測試存取數據操作:

#define PAGE_START_ADDRESS 0x8000000

//paramSizeKb 程序大小
//data 准備寫入數據
//len 大小
bool flashWriteData(int paramSizeKb, uint64_t data[], size_t len) {
    HAL_FLASH_Unlock();//解鎖flash
    //准備擦除整頁,寫入前需要擦除
    FLASH_EraseInitTypeDef f;
    f.TypeErase = FLASH_TYPEERASE_PAGES;//頁擦除
    f.PageAddress = PAGE_START_ADDRESS + (1024 * paramSizeKb);//擦除頁地址
    f.NbPages = 1;//擦除1頁
    
    uint32_t PageError = 0;
    HAL_FLASHEx_Erase(&f, &PageError);//擦除PageError == 0xFFFFFFFF表示成功
    if(PageError != 0xFFFFFFFF) {
        return false;
    }
    //開始寫數據
    uint32_t startAddressIndex = PAGE_START_ADDRESS + (1024 * paramSizeKb);
    //startAddressIndex += 8,寫入位置，每次+8是因為存儲的類型是uint64_t,占用64bit,8字節
    for(int i = 0 ; i < len;i ++ , startAddressIndex += 8) {
        //寫入數據
        HAL_FLASH_Program(FLASH_TYPEPROGRAM_WORD, startAddressIndex, data[i]);
    }
    //重新上鎖
    HAL_FLASH_Lock();
    return true;
}
//讀取數據
//paramSizeKb 程序大小
//data 讀入數據
//len 讀入數據長度
void flashReadData(int paramSizeKb, uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
    uint32_t startAddressIndex = PAGE_START_ADDRESS + (1024 * paramSizeKb);
    for(int i = 0; i < len; i++, startAddressIndex += 8){
        data[i] = *(__IO uint32_t*)(startAddressIndex);
    }
}

在燒寫程序測試前，可以先用keil5 仿真功能測試一下,在測試時需要注意打開指定地址的讀寫訪問操作:

打開運行指定地址讀寫訪問:

首先開啟debug調試: Debug -> Start/Stop Debug Session

進入debug調試后，進入Debug -> Memory Map... : Map Range處輸入允許讀寫 開始地址,結束地址,逗號分割; 勾選Read Write復選框，點擊Map Range 按鈕添加允許讀寫操作區域。

 

 然后，就可以點擊(Run F5)繼續調試程序了。

 

完整測試文件內容main.c:

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * <h2><center>&copy; Copyright (c) 2021 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.</center></h2>
  *
  * This software component is licensed by ST under BSD 3-Clause license,
  * the "License"; You may not use this file except in compliance with the
  * License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
  *                        opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */

/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"
#include "stdbool.h"

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */

/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */

/* USER CODE END PTD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */

/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */

/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */

/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */

/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/* USER CODE END 0 */
//#define PAGE_START_ADDRESS 0x8000000
#define PAGE_START_ADDRESS 0x8008800

//paramSizeKb 程序大小
//data 准備寫入數據
//len 大小
bool flashWriteData(int paramSizeKb, uint64_t data[], size_t len) {
    HAL_FLASH_Unlock();//解鎖flash
    //准備擦除整頁,寫入前需要擦除
    FLASH_EraseInitTypeDef f;
    f.TypeErase = FLASH_TYPEERASE_PAGES;//頁擦除
    f.PageAddress = PAGE_START_ADDRESS + (1024 * paramSizeKb);//擦除頁地址
    f.NbPages = 1;//擦除1頁
    
    uint32_t PageError = 0;
    HAL_FLASHEx_Erase(&f, &PageError);//擦除PageError == 0xFFFFFFFF表示成功
    if(PageError != 0xFFFFFFFF) {
        return false;
    }
    //開始寫數據
    uint32_t startAddressIndex = PAGE_START_ADDRESS + (1024 * paramSizeKb);
    //startAddressIndex += 8,寫入位置，每次+8是因為存儲的類型是uint64_t,占用64bit,8字節
    for(int i = 0 ; i < len;i ++ , startAddressIndex += 8) {
        //寫入數據
        HAL_FLASH_Program(FLASH_TYPEPROGRAM_WORD, startAddressIndex, data[i]);
    }
    //重新上鎖
    HAL_FLASH_Lock();
    return true;
}
//讀取數據
//paramSizeKb 程序大小
//data 讀入數據
//len 讀入數據長度
void flashReadData(int paramSizeKb, uint64_t *data, size_t len) {
    uint32_t startAddressIndex = PAGE_START_ADDRESS + (1024 * paramSizeKb);
    for(int i = 0; i < len; i++, startAddressIndex += 8){
        data[i] = *(__IO uint32_t*)(startAddressIndex);
    }
}

/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
int main(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
    
  /* USER CODE END 1 */
  

  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_USART1_UART_Init();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */

  /* USER CODE END 2 */

  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
    //程序大小 6k, rebuild 后 看Program Size: Code=4124 RO-data=292 RW-data=16 ZI-data=1128 ，把這幾個數字(byte)加起來 / 1024
    //每頁1k
    
  while (1)
  {
        //HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t[]){0x00, 0x00, 0x00}, 3, 1000);
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */
        uint8_t data[3];
        if (HAL_UART_Receive(&huart1, data, 3, 100) == HAL_OK) {
            //0xAA or 0xBB
            uint8_t cmd = 0xFF;
            for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
                if(data[i] != data[0]) {
                    HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, data, 3, 1000);
                    break;
                }
                if (i + 1 == 3) {
                    cmd = data[0];
                }
            }
            if(cmd == 0xAA) {
                uint64_t writeData[5] = {0xAA, 0xBB, 0xCC, 0xDD, 0xEE};
                if(flashWriteData(6, writeData, 5)) {
                    HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t[]){0xAA, 0xAA, 0xAA}, 3, 1000);
                }else{
                    HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t[]){0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF}, 3, 1000);
                }
                
            }
            if(cmd == 0xBB) {
                uint64_t readData[5];
                flashReadData(6, readData, 5);
                //HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t[]){0xBB, 0xBB, 0xBB}, 3, 1000);    
                HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t[]){0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF}, 5, 1000);    
                
            }
            if(cmd != 0xAA && cmd != 0xBB) {
                HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t[]){0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF}, 3, 1000);    
            }
        }
    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}

/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks 
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_NONE;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks 
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_HSI;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_0) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */

/* USER CODE END 4 */

/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */

  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}

#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{ 
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     tex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

此處代碼通過串口發送0xAA 0xAA 0xAA,設置flash存儲 0xAA, 0xBB, 0xCC, 0xDD, 0xEE；發送0xBB 0xBB 0xBB 讀取存入的內容。

 

剛開始接觸STM32相關硬件，如果有誤導的地方，懇請一定指出！ 防止誤讓其他人走彎路。