樣式
公式位置
行內模式式使用$...$，在文本之間插入公式；顯示模式$$...$$，在單獨的一行使用。
上標、下標
上標： ^，下標：_。
示例： C_n^2為\(C_n^2\)。
前置上下標{}_1^2\!X_3^4為\({}_1^2\!C_3^4\)。
分組
把相同等級的表達式放到一起。
符號： {}
如e^{10}顯示為\(e^{10}\)，而e^10則為\(e^10\)。
字體樣式
| 顯示 | 符號 | 字體 |
|---|---|---|
| \(ABCabc\) | $ABCabc$ |
直接寫 |
| \(\text{ABCabc}\) | \text{ABCabc} |
文本格式（內部可以再使用$$） |
| \(\mathbf{ABCabc}\) | \mathbf{ABCabc} |
加粗 |
| \(\boldsymbol{\alpha}\) | \boldsymbol{\alpha} |
加粗（其它字符） |
| \(\mathit{ABCabc}\) | \mathit{ABCabc} |
斜體 |
| \(\pmb{ABCabc}\) | \pmb{ABCabc} |
粗斜體 |
| \(\mathbb{ABCabc}\) | \mathbb{ABCabc}或\Bbb{ABCabc} |
blackboard bold font |
| \(\mathtt{ABCabc}\) | \mathtt{ABCabc} |
typewriter font |
| \(\mathrm{ABCabc}\) | \mathrm{ABCabc} |
roman font |
| \(\mathsf{ABCabc}\) | \mathsf{ABCabc} |
sans-serif font |
| \(\mathcal{ABCabc}\) | \mathcal{ABCabc} |
calligraphic letters |
| \(\mathscr{ABCabc}\) | \mathscr{ABCabc} |
script letters |
| \(\mathfrak{ABCabc}\) | \mathfrak{ABCabc} |
Frakur letters |
字體大小
| 顯示 | 符號 |
|---|---|
| \(ABCabc\) | ABCabc |
| \(\tiny ABCabc\) | \tiny ABCabc |
| \(\small ABCabc\) | \small ABCabc |
| \(\normalsize ABCabc\) | \normalsize ABCabc |
| \(\large ABCabc\) | \large ABCabc |
| \(\Large ABCabc\) | \Large ABCabc |
| \(\huge ABCabc\) | \huge ABCabc |
| \(\Huge ABCabc\) | \Huge ABCabc |
使用分組的方式來控制不同字體的大小，如ABC {\tiny ABC} {\large ABC}顯示為\(ABC {\tiny ABC} {\large ABC}\)。
希臘字母
| 小寫 | 符號 | 大寫 | 符號 | 小寫 | 符號 | 大寫 | 符號 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| \(\alpha\) | \alpha |
\(\Alpha\) | \Alpha |
\(\beta\) | \beta |
\(\Beta\) | \Beta |
| \(\gamma\) | \gamma |
\(\Gamma\) | \Gamma |
\(\delta\) | \delta |
\(\Delta\) | \Delta |
| \(\epsilon\) | \epsilon |
\(\Epsilon\) | \Epsilon |
\(\zeta\) | \zeta |
\(\Zeta\) | \Zeta |
| \(\eta\) | \eta |
\(\Eta\) | \Eta |
\(\theta\) | \theta |
\(\Theta\) | \Theta |
| \(\iota\) | \iota |
\(\Iota\) | \Iota |
\(\kappa\) | \kappa |
\(\Kappa\) | \Kappa |
| \(\lambda\) | \lambda |
\(\Lambda\) | \Lambda |
\(\mu\) | \mu |
\(\Mu\) | \Mu |
| \(\nu\) | \nu |
\(\Nu\) | \Nu |
\(\xi\) | \xi |
\(\Xi\) | \Xi |
| \(\pi\) | \pi |
\(\Pi\) | \Pi |
\(\rho\) | \rho |
\(\Rho\) | \Rho |
| \(\sigma\) | \sigma |
\(\Sigma\) | \Sigma |
\(\tau\) | \tau |
\(\Tau\) | \Tau |
| \(\upsilon\) | \upsilon |
\(\Upsilon\) | \Upsilon |
\(\phi\) | \phi |
\(\Phi\) | \Phi |
| \(\chi\) | \chi |
\(\Chi\) | \Chi |
\(\psi\) | \psi |
\(\Psi\) | \psi |
| \(\omega\) | omega |
\(\Omega\) | \Omega |
\(\omicron\) | \omicron |
\(\Omicron\) | \Omicron |
若需要斜體希臘字母，加上前綴var。如\varDelta顯示為\(\varDelta\)。
算術運算
| 顯示 | 符號 | 顯示 | 符號 | 顯示 | 符號 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| \(\times\) | \times |
\(\div\) | \div |
\(\cdot\) | \cdot |
| \(<\) | < |
\(>\) | > |
\(\ll\) | \ll |
| \(\gg\) | \gg |
\(\lll\) | \lll |
\(\pm\) | \pm |
| \(\le\) | \le或\leq |
\(\ge\) | \ge或\geq |
\(\mp\) | \mp |
| \(\leqq\) | \leqq |
\(\geqq\) | \geqq |
\(\neq\) | \neq |
| \(\leqslant\) | \leqslant |
\(\geqslant\) | \geqslant |
\(\approx\) | \approx |
集合
| 顯示 | 符號 | 顯示 | 符號 | 顯示 | 符號 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| \(\complement\) | \complement |
\(\in\) | \in |
\(\notin\) | \notin |
| \(\subset\) | \subset |
\(\subseteq\) | \subseteq |
\(\subsetneq\) | \subsetneq |
| \(\cap\) | \cap |
\(\cup\) | \cup |
\(\varnothing\) | \varnothing |
| \(\emptyset\) | \emptyset |
邏輯運算
| 顯示 | 符號 | 顯示 | 符號 | 顯示 | 符號 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| \(\land\) | \land或\wedge |
\(\lor\) | \lor或\vee |
\(\lnot\) | \lnot或\neg |
| \(\forall\) | \forall |
\(\exists\) | \exists |
\(\top\) | \top |
| \(\vdash\) | \vdash |
\(\vDash\) | \vDash |
\(\bot\) | \bot |
括號
| 括號 | 符號 |
|---|---|
| \((x)\) | (x) |
| \(\{ x \}\) | \{ x \}或\lbrace x \rbrace |
| \([x]\) | [x] |
| \(\vert x\vert\) | \vert x \vert |
| \(\Vert x \Vert\) | \Vert x \Vert |
| \(\langle x \rangle\) | \langle x \rangle |
| \(\lceil x \rceil\) | \lceil x \rceil |
| \(\lfloor x \rfloor\) | \lfloor x \rfloor |
| \(\left(\frac xy \right)\) | \left( \frac xy \right)（讓括號與公式相適應） |
| \(\left. \frac 12 \right\}\) | \left. \frac 12 \right\} |
| $ \left{ \frac xy \middle | y \neq 0 \right}$ |
| \(\Bigg(\bigg(\Big(\big((x) \big)\Big)\bigg)\Bigg)\) | \Bigg(\bigg(\Big(\big((x) \big)\Big)\bigg)\Bigg) |
| \(\dbinom nr\) | \dbinom nr（二項式系數） |
| \(\binom nr\) | \binom nr或者{n \choose r} |
空格
| 顯示 | 命令 | 說明 |
|---|---|---|
| \(a b\) | a b |
無視空格 |
| \(a \qquad b\) | a \qquad b |
|
| \(a \quad b\) | a \quad b |
|
| \(a\ b\) | a\ b |
|
| \(a\;b\) | a\;b |
|
| \(a\,b\) | a\,b |
|
| \(a\!b\) | a\!b |
求和、積分和微分
| 顯示 | 符號 | 顯示 | 符號 |
|---|---|---|---|
| \(\sum_1^n\) | \sum_1^n |
\(\sum_{i=0}^\infty x^2\) | \sum_{i=0}^\infty x^2 |
| \(\int\) | \int |
\(\iint\) | \iint |
| \(\iiint\) | \iiint |
\(\idotsint\) | \idotsint |
| \(\oint\) | \oint |
\(\prod\) | \prod |
| \(\coprod\) | \coprod |
\(\bigcap\) | \bigcap |
| \(\bigcup\) | \bigcup |
\(\bigvee\) | \bigvee |
| \(\bigwedge\) | \bigwedge |
\(\infty\) | \infty |
| \(\nabla\) | \nabla |
\(\partial x\) | \partial x |
| \(\mathrm{d}x\) | \mathrm{d}x |
\(\dot x\) | \dot x |
| \(\ddot y\) | \ddot y |
分式、根號和函數
| 顯示 | 符號 | 說明 |
|---|---|---|
| \(\frac 12\) | \frac 12 |
|
| \(\dfrac 12\) | \dfrac 12 |
強制分式為顯示模式 |
| \(\tfrac 12\) | \tfrac 12 |
強制分式為文本模式 |
| \(\cfrac 12\) | \cfrac 12 |
用於連續分式 |
| \(\frac {x^2}{1+x}\) | \frac {x^2}{1+x} |
|
| \({x^2 \over 1+x}\) | {x^2 \over 1+x} |
用於復雜的分式 |
| \(\sqrt{x^3}\) | \sqrt{x^3} |
|
| \(\sqrt[3]{\frac xy}\) | \sqrt[3]{\frac xy} |
|
| \(\sin x\) | \sin x |
大部分可以使用\+ 函數名 |
| \(\operatorname{arcsec}x\) | \operatorname{arcsec}x |
無標准函數名 |
| \(\lim_{x \to 0}\) | \lim_{x \to 0} |
|
| \(\varinjlim\) | \varinjlim |
|
| \(\varprojlim\) | \varprojlim |
|
| \(\varliminf\) | \varliminf |
|
| \(\varlimsup\) | \varlimsup |
箭頭符號
| 顯示 | 符號 | 顯示 | 符號 |
|---|---|---|---|
| \(\Rightarrow\) | \Rightarrow |
\(\Leftarrow\) | \Leftarrow |
| \(a \rightarrow b\) | a \rightarrow b |
\(a \leftarrow b\) | a \leftarrow b |
| \(a \to b\) | a \to b（常用） |
\(a \gets b\) | a \gets b（常用） |
| \(a \Longrightarrow b\) | a \Longrightarrow b |
\(a \Longleftarrow b\) | a \Longleftarrow b |
| \(a \implies b\) | a \implies b（常用） |
\(a \impliedby b\) | a \impliedby b（常用） |
| \(\longrightarrow\) | \longrightarrow |
\(\longleftarrow\) | \longleftarrow |
| \(\Leftrightarrow\) | \Leftrightarrow |
\(\leftrightarrow\) | \leftrightarrow |
| $\Longleftrightarrow $ | \Longleftrightarrow或\iff |
\(\longleftrightarrow\) | \longleftrightarrow |
| \(\xrightarrow[y>0]{x+y}\) | \xrightarrow[y>0]{x+y} |
\(\xleftarrow{x+y}\) | \xleftarrow{x+y} |
| \(\longmapsto\) | \longmapsto |
\(\mapsto\) | \mapsto |
| \(\hookleftarrow\) | \hookleftarrow |
\(\hookrightarrow\) | \hookrightarrow |
| \(\searrow\) | \searrow |
\(\nearrow\) | nearrow |
| \(\nwarrow\) | \nwarrow |
\(\swarrow\) | swarrow |
| \(\downarrow\) | \downarrow |
\(\uparrow\) | \uparrow |
| \(\upuparrows\) | \upuparrows |
\(\updownarrow\) | \updownarrow |
| \(\Uparrow\) | \Uparrow |
\(\downdownarrows\) | \downdownarrows |
| \(\Updownarrow\) | \Updownarrow |
\(\Downarrow\) | \Downarrow |
| \(\rightharpoonup\) | \rightharpoonup |
\(\leftharpoonup\) | \lefttharpoonup |
| \(\rightharpoondown\) | \rightharpoonup |
\(\leftharpoondown\) | \leftharpoondown |
| \(\upharpoonleft\) | \upharpoonleft |
\(\downharpoonleft\) | \downharpoonleft |
| \(\upharpoonright\) | \upharpoonright |
\(\downharpoonright\) | \downharpoonleft |
| \(\rightleftharpoons\) | \rightleftharpoons |
\(\leftrightharpoons\) | \leftrightharpoons |
| \(\rightrightarrows\) | \rightrightarrows |
\(\leftleftarrows\) | \leftleftarrows |
| \(\Rrightarrow\) | \Rrightarrow |
\(\Lleftarrow\) | \Lleftarrow |
| \(\rightleftarrows\) | \rightleftarrows |
\(\leftrightarrows\) | \rightleftarrows |
| \(\nrightarrow\) | \nrightarrow |
\(\nleftarrow\) | \nleftarrow |
| \(\nLeftarrow\) | \nLeftarrow |
\(\nRightarrow\) | \nRightarrow |
| \(\nleftrightarrow\) | \nleftrightarrow |
\(\curvearrowleft\) | \curvearrowleft |
| \(\circlearrowleft\) | \circlearrowleft |
\(\curvearrowright\) | \curvearrowright |
| \(\circlearrowright\) | \circlearrowright |
\(\looparrowleft\) | \looparrowleft |
| \(\rightarrowtail\) | \rightarrowtail |
\(\looparrowright\) | \looparrowright |
| \(\leftarrowtail\) | \leftarrowtail |
\(\Lsh\) | \Lsh |
| \(\twoheadleftarrow\) | \twoheadleftarrow |
\(\Rsh\) | \Rsh |
| \(\twoheadrightarrow\) | \twoheadrightarrow |
\(\rightsquigarrow\) | \rightsquigarrow |
| \(\leftrightsquigarrow\) | \leftrightsquigarrow |
幾何和向量
| 顯示 | 符號 | 顯示 | 符號 |
|---|---|---|---|
| \(\triangle\) | \triangle |
\(\Diamond\) | \Diamond |
| \(\Box\) | \Box |
\(\odot\) | \odot |
| \(\angle ABC\) | \angle ABC |
\(30^\circ\) | 30^\circ |
| \(\perp\) | \perp |
\(\sim\) | \sim |
| \(\cong\) | \cong |
\(\hat{a}\) | \hat{a} |
| \(\vec{a}\) | \vec{a} |
\(\overrightarrow{AB}\) | \overrightarrow{AB} |
| \(\overleftarrow{AB}\) | \overleftarrow{AB} |
\(\overleftrightarrow{AB}\) | \overleftrightarrow{AB} |
| \(\widehat{e f g}\) | \widehat{e f g} |
音調
| 顯示 | 符號 | 顯示 | 符號 |
|---|---|---|---|
| \(\bar a\) | \bar a |
\(\acute{a}\) | \acute{a} |
| \(\check{a}\) | \check{a} |
\(\grave{a}\) | \grave{a} |
| \(\breve{a}\) | \breve{a} |
\(\dot{a}\) | \dot{a} |
| \(\ddot{a}\) | \ddot{a} |
\(\dddot{a}\) | \dddot{a} |
| \(\hat a\) | \hat{a} |
\(\tilde{a}\) | \tilde{a} |
上、下划線和上、下括號
| 顯示 | 符號 |
|---|---|
| \(\overline{h i j}\) | \overline{h i j} |
| \(\underline{h i j}\) | \underline{h i j} |
| $\underbrace{a+b+\cdots+z}_{10}\ $ | \underbrace{a+b+\cdots+z}_{10} |
| \(\overbrace{a+b+\cdots+z}^{10}\) | \overbrace{a+b+\cdots+z}^{10} |
特殊字符
| 符號 | 顯示 | 符號 | 顯示 | 符號 | 顯示 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| \(\eth\) | \eth |
\(\S\) | \S |
\(\P\) | \P |
| \(\%\) | \% |
\(\dagger\) | \dagger |
\(\ddagger\) | \ddagger |
| \(\star\) | \star |
\(\ast\) | \ast或* |
\(\circ\) | \circ |
| \(\bullet\) | \bullet |
\(\ldots\) | \ldots |
\(\cdots\) | \cdots |
| \(\vdots\) | \vdots |
\(\ddots\) | \ddots |
\(\smile\) | \smile |
| \(\frown\) | \frown |
\(\wr\) | \wr |
\(\oplus\) | \oplus |
| \(\bigoplus\) | \bigoplus |
\(\otimes\) | \otimes |
\(\bigotimes\) | \bigotimes |
| \(\bigodot\) | \bigodot |
\(\boxtimes\) | \boxtimes |
\(\boxplus\) | \boxplus |
| \(\triangleleft\) | \triangleleft |
\(\triangleright\) | \triangleright |
\(\bot\) | \bot |
| \(\top\) | \top |
\(\vdash\) | \vdash |
\(\Vdash\) | \Vdash |
| \(\vDash\) | \vDash |
\(\models\) | \models |
\(\infty\) | \infty |
| \(\imath\) | \imath |
\(\hbar\) | \hbar |
\(\ell\) | \ell |
| \(\mho\) | \mho |
\(\Finv\) | \Finv |
\(\Re\) | \Re |
| \(\Im\) | \Im |
\(\wp\) | \wp |
\(\diamondsuit\) | \diamondsuit |
| \(\heartsuit\) | \heartsuit |
\(\clubsuit\) | \clubsuit |
\(\spadesuit\) | \spadesuit |
| \(\Game\) | \Game |
\(\flat\) | \flat |
\(\natural\) | \natural |
| \(\sharp\) | \sharp |
陣列
語法： $$\begin{array}…\end{array}$$，r右對齊，l左對齊，c居中，|垂直線，\hline橫線，\\換行，元素之間以&間隔。
示例：
$$
\begin{array}{c|lcr}
n & \text{Left} & \text{Center} & \text{Right} \\
\hline
1 & 0.24 & 1 & 125 \\
2 & -1 & 189 & -8 \\
3 & -20 & 2000 & 1+10i
\end{array}
$$
\[\begin{array}{c|lcr} n & \text{Left} & \text{Center} & \text{Right} \\ \hline 1 & 0.24 & 1 & 125 \\ 2 & -1 & 189 & -8 \\ 3 & -20 & 2000 & 1+10i \end{array} \]
矩陣
語法： $$\begin{matrix}…\end{matrix}$$，每行以\\結尾，元素之間以&間隔。
示例：
$$
\begin{matrix}
1 & x & x^2 \\
1 & y & y^2 \\
1 & z & z^2 \\
\end{matrix}
$$
\[\begin{matrix} 1 & x & x^2 \\ 1 & y & y^2 \\ 1 & z & z^2 \\ \end{matrix} \]
添加括號：
pmatrix\(()\)bmatrix\([\ ]\)Bmatrix\(\{\ \}\)vmatrix\(\vert \ \vert\)Vmatrix\(\Vert \ \Vert\)
添加省略號：
\begin{pmatrix}
1 & a_1^2 & a_1^2 & \cdots & a_1^2 \\
1 & a_2^2 & a_2^2 & \cdots & a_2^2 \\
\vdots & \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\
1 & a_n^2 & a_n^2 & \cdots & a_n^2 \\
\end{pmatrix}
\[\begin{pmatrix} 1 & a_1^2 & a_1^2 & \cdots & a_1^2 \\ 1 & a_2^2 & a_2^2 & \cdots & a_2^2 \\ \vdots & \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ 1 & a_n^2 & a_n^2 & \cdots & a_n^2 \\ \end{pmatrix} \]
水平增廣矩陣： 使用陣列語法，
$$
\left[
\begin{array}{cc|c}
1&2&3\\
4&5&6
\end{array}
\right]
$$
\[\left[ \begin{array}{cc|c} 1&2&3\\ 4&5&6 \end{array} \right] \]
垂直增廣矩陣：
$$
\begin{pmatrix}
a & b\\
c & d\\
\hline
1 & 0\\
0 & 1
\end{pmatrix}
$$
\[\begin{pmatrix} a & b\\ c & d\\ \hline 1 & 0\\ 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix} \]
在行內插入矩陣：如\(\big( \begin{smallmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{smallmatrix} \big)\)的語法$\big( \begin{smallmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{smallmatrix} \big)$
等式對齊
語法： \begin{align}…\end{align}，每行以\\結尾，元素之間以&間隔。
示例：
$$
\begin{align}
\sqrt{37} & = \sqrt{\frac{73^2-1}{12^2}} \\
& = \sqrt{\frac{73^2}{12^2}\cdot\frac{73^2-1}{73^2}} \\
& = \sqrt{\frac{73^2}{12^2}}\sqrt{\frac{73^2-1}{73^2}} \\
& = \frac{73}{12}\sqrt{1 - \frac{1}{73^2}} \\
& \approx \frac{73}{12}\left(1 - \frac{1}{2\cdot73^2}\right)
\end{align}
$$
\[\begin{align} \sqrt{37} & = \sqrt{\frac{73^2-1}{12^2}} \\ & = \sqrt{\frac{73^2}{12^2}\cdot\frac{73^2-1}{73^2}} \\ & = \sqrt{\frac{73^2}{12^2}}\sqrt{\frac{73^2-1}{73^2}} \\ & = \frac{73}{12}\sqrt{1 - \frac{1}{73^2}} \\ & \approx \frac{73}{12}\left(1 - \frac{1}{2\cdot73^2}\right) \end{align} \]
分段函數
語法： \begin{cases}…\end{cases}，每行以\\結尾，元素之間以&間隔。
示例：
$$
f(n) =
\begin{cases}
n/2, & \text{if $n$ is even} \\
3n+1, & \text{if $n$ is odd}
\end{cases}
$$
\[f(n) = \begin{cases} n/2, & \text{if $n$ is even} \\ 3n+1, & \text{if $n$ is odd} \end{cases} \]
$$
\left.
\begin{array}{l}
\text{if $n$ is even:}&n/2\\
\text{if $n$ is odd:}&3n+1
\end{array}
\right\}
=f(n)
$$
\[\left. \begin{array}{l} \text{if $n$ is even:}&n/2\\ \text{if $n$ is odd:}&3n+1 \end{array} \right\} =f(n) \]
編號
語法：\tag。
示例：
$$
y=x^2 \tag{1.5a}
$$
\[y=x^2 \tag{1.5a} \]