大一下學期，我所選的C語言工程實踐是寫一個貪吃蛇游戲。那幾天真的挺肝的，完成本專業的答辯之后就沒怎么動過這程序了。那時候寫的貪吃蛇，還有一個棧溢出的問題沒有解決，是因為當時所學知識有限，還沒想到較好的解決方法。現在大二上學期，在上了好幾節數據結構之后，對棧有了一定的了解，隨着對棧的學習，我想出了解決我寫的貪吃蛇棧溢出的辦法。其實是前兩天剛剛有這個想法，剛剛才測試並實現了，辦法可行。現在我加入了計算機學院的創新開放實驗室，打算做的一個項目是微信小程序。以后想記錄一下我的開發過程和一些經歷，又剛剛完善好貪吃蛇的代碼，就簡單記錄一下吧。
因為代碼比較長，先把參考資料寫一下，想自己手寫一遍的建議先看參考資料，再看這里的代碼
參考資料
[1] C語言如何編寫貪吃蛇小游戲基礎_百度經驗：
https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/e9fb46e14624487520f76658.html
[2] C語言學習：三天寫好貪吃蛇小游戲（一）：
http://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1600645476423742053&wfr=spider&for=pc
[3] C語言學習：三天寫好貪吃蛇小游戲（二）：
http://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1600729030233953401&wfr=spider&for=pc
[4] C語言學習：三天寫好貪吃蛇小游戲（三）：
http://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1600902215143197241&wfr=spider&for=pc
[5] 用C語言實現一個貪吃蛇游戲 - Calm的博客 - CSDN博客：
https://blog.csdn.net/huaijiu123/article/details/82054208
[6] 誰能解釋一下 HANDLE hConsole =GetStdHandle((STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE))在C語言中是什么意思_百度知道：
https://zhidao.baidu.com/question/529197139.html
[7] 純C語言實現貪吃蛇游戲(VC6.0) - CSDN博客：
https://blog.csdn.net/gin1008/app/article/details/52781106
[8] 在c語言中怎么實現輸入esc退出 其他鍵繼續_百度知道：
https://zhidao.baidu.com/question/403428708.html
源代碼
/*預處理*/
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
/*宏定義*/
#define YES 1
#define NO 0
//蛇的移動方向
#define U 1 //上
#define D 2 //下
#define L 3 //左
#define R 4 //右
#define RESPEED 250 //蛇的移動速度
/*定義節點*/
typedef struct SNAKE
{
int x;
int y;
struct SNAKE* next;
}snake;
/*全局變量*/
snake* head, * food; //蛇頭指針，食物指針
snake* q; //遍歷蛇的時候用到的指針
/*【以下為所有函數的聲明】*/
void HideCursor(void); //隱藏光標
void color(short int num); //顏色函數
void StartWindow(void); //開始界面
int gotoxy(int x, int y); //定位光標位置
void creatMap(void); //創建地圖
void notice(int* score, int* highscore, int* Time, int* LongTime); //提示
void initsnake(void); //初始化蛇身
int biteself(unsigned long* sleeptime); //判斷是否咬到了自己
int createfood(void); //隨機出現食物
void endgame(int* score, int* highscore, int* endgamestatus, int* Time, int* LongTime); //結束游戲
void pause(int* PauseBegin, int* PauseEnd); //暫停游戲
void gamecontrol(unsigned long* sleeptime, int* count, int* score, int* highscore, int* status, int* endgamestatus,
int* Time, int* LongTime, int* TimeBegin, int* TimeEnd, int* TimePause, int* PauseBegin, int* PauseEnd); //控制游戲（包含蛇不能穿牆）
void snakemove(unsigned long* sleeptime, int* count, int* score, int* status, int* endgamestatus); //蛇移動
void gamestart(int* score, int* highscore, int* endgamestatus, int* Time, int* LongTime, int* TimeBegin); //游戲初始化
void gamecontinue(unsigned long* sleeptime, int* count, int* score, int* highscore, int* status, int* endgamestatus,
int* Time, int* LongTime, int* TimeBegin, int* TimeEnd, int* TimePause, int* PauseBegin, int* PauseEnd); //再來一局
void stop(unsigned long* sleeptime); //蛇停止移動
void start(unsigned long* sleeptime); //蛇恢復移動
void reset(int* count, int* score, int* Time, int* TimeBegin, int* TimeEnd, int* TimePause, int* PauseBegin, int* PauseEnd); //重置多項數據
void updatescore(int* score, int* highscore, int* Time, int* LongTime); //更新多項數據
int main(void)
{
unsigned long sleeptime = RESPEED;
int score = 0, highscore = 0, count = 0; //count是記錄吃到食物的次數
int status, endgamestatus = 0; //游戲結束情況，0未開始游戲前退出，1撞到牆，2咬到自己，3主動退出游戲，4通關
int TimeBegin, TimeEnd;
int Time, LongTime, TimePause, PauseBegin, PauseEnd;
Time = LongTime = TimePause = PauseBegin = PauseEnd = 0;
HideCursor();
gamestart(&score, &highscore, &endgamestatus, &Time, &LongTime, &TimeBegin);
gamecontrol(&sleeptime, &count, &score, &highscore, &status, &endgamestatus, &Time, &LongTime, &TimeBegin, &TimeEnd, &TimePause, &PauseBegin, &PauseEnd);
endgame(&score, &highscore, &endgamestatus, &Time, &LongTime);
gamecontinue(&sleeptime, &count, &score, &highscore, &status, &endgamestatus, &Time, &LongTime, &TimeBegin, &TimeEnd, &TimePause, &PauseBegin, &PauseEnd);
return 0;
}
void HideCursor(void) //隱藏光標
{
CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO cursor_info = { 1, 0 };
SetConsoleCursorInfo(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), &cursor_info);
}
void color(short int num)
{
HANDLE hConsole = GetStdHandle((STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE));
SetConsoleTextAttribute(hConsole, num);
}
void StartWindow(void)
{
short int i;
system("mode con cols=120 lines=30"); //設置窗口大小
printf("溫馨提示：請使用鍵盤操作（鼠標點擊可能會導致程序出錯）\n");
printf("╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╗ \n");
for (i = 0; i < 26; i++)
{
printf("║ ║ \n");
}
printf("╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ \n");
gotoxy(23, 2);
color(3);
printf("貪吃蛇");
for (i = 15; ; i--)
{
gotoxy(18, 4);
color(i);
printf("按任意鍵加載程序");
Sleep(600);
if (i == 1)
{
i = 15;
}
if (kbhit()) //判斷是否按鍵，等待輸入按鍵為0，按鍵為1
{
break;
}
}
gotoxy(10, 4);
printf("1.開始游戲 2.退出游戲");
getch();
}
int gotoxy(int x, int y)
{
HANDLE handle; //定義句柄變量handle，創建一個句柄
COORD pos; //定義結構體coord (坐標系coord)
pos.X = x; //橫坐標x
pos.Y = y; //縱坐標y
handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE); //獲取控制台輸出句柄(值為-11)
SetConsoleCursorPosition(handle, pos); //移動光標
return YES;
}
void creatMap(void)
{
int i;
//地圖大小：長24×寬20
for (i = 2; i < 52; i += 2) //打印上下邊框
{
color(195);
gotoxy(i, 6);
printf("■");
gotoxy(i, 27);
printf("■");
}
for (i = 7; i < 28; i++) //打印左右邊框
{
gotoxy(2, i);
printf("■");
gotoxy(50, i);
printf("■");
}
}
void notice(int* score, int* highscore, int* Time, int* LongTime)
{
system("title 2018051170 Project：貪吃蛇");
gotoxy(4, 4);
color(15);
printf("得分:%3d 最高分:%3d 生存:%4ds 最久生存:%4ds", *score, *highscore, *Time, *LongTime);
gotoxy(60, 7);
printf("Author: 2018051170 Project: 貪吃蛇");
gotoxy(60, 9);
printf("游戲說明：");
gotoxy(60, 10);
printf("不能穿牆，不能咬到自己");
gotoxy(60, 11);
printf("↑ ↓ ← →控制蛇的移動");
gotoxy(60, 12);
printf("ESC：退出游戲 空格：暫停游戲");
}
void initsnake(void)
{
int i;
snake* tail;
tail = (snake*)malloc(sizeof(snake)); //從蛇尾開始，插頭法，以x,y設定開始的位置
tail->x = 26;
tail->y = 14;
tail->next = NULL;
for (i = 1; i < 3; i++)
{
head = (snake*)malloc(sizeof(snake));
head->next = tail;
head->x = 26 - 2 * i;
head->y = 14;
tail = head;
}
while (tail != NULL) //從頭到為，輸出蛇身
{
gotoxy(tail->x, tail->y);
if (i == 3)
{
color(2);
printf("●");
i++;
}
else if (tail != NULL)
{
color(2);
printf("■");
}
tail = tail->next;
}
}
int biteself(unsigned long* sleeptime)
{
snake* self;
self = head->next;
while (self != NULL)
{
if (self->x == head->x && self->y == head->y)
{
stop(sleeptime);
return YES;
}
self = self->next;
}
return NO;
}
int createfood(void)
{
snake* food_1;
food_1 = (snake*)malloc(sizeof(snake));
srand((unsigned)time(NULL)); //產生一個隨機數
while ((food_1->x % 2) != 0) //保證其為偶數，使得食物能與蛇頭對其
{
food_1->x = rand() % 50; //保證其在牆壁里X1 < X < X2
if (food_1->x <= 4)
{
food_1->x = food_1->x + 4;
}
}
food_1->y = rand() % 27; //保證其在牆壁里Y1 < Y < Y2
if (food_1->y < 7)
{
food_1->y = food_1->y + 7;
}
q = head;
while (q != NULL) //判斷蛇身是否與食物重合
{
if (q->x == food_1->x && q->y == food_1->y)
{
free(food_1);
return 1;
}
if (q->next == NULL)
{
break;
}
q = q->next;
}
gotoxy(food_1->x, food_1->y);
food = food_1;
color(3);
printf("★");
return 0;
}
void endgame(int* score, int* highscore, int* endgamestatus, int* Time, int* LongTime)
{
color(15);
gotoxy(60, 14);
if (*endgamestatus == 0)
{
printf("您退出了游戲。");
}
else
{
if (*endgamestatus == 1)
{
printf("您撞到牆了，游戲結束。");
}
else if (*endgamestatus == 2)
{
printf("您咬到自己了，游戲結束。");
}
else if (*endgamestatus == 3)
{
printf("您已經結束了游戲。");
}
else if (*endgamestatus == 4)
{
printf("恭喜您通關了游戲！");
}
gotoxy(60, 15);
printf("您的得分是: %d", *score);
updatescore(score, highscore, Time, LongTime);
}
}
void pause(int* PauseBegin, int* PauseEnd)
{
*PauseBegin = time(NULL);
while (1)
{
Sleep(300);
if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_SPACE))
{
*PauseEnd = time(NULL);
break;
}
}
}
void gamecontrol(unsigned long* sleeptime, int* count, int* score, int* highscore, int* status, int* endgamestatus,
int* Time, int* LongTime, int* TimeBegin, int* TimeEnd, int* TimePause, int* PauseBegin, int* PauseEnd)
{
*status = L;
while (1)
{
*TimeEnd = time(NULL);
*TimePause = *TimePause + *PauseEnd - *PauseBegin;
*PauseBegin = *PauseEnd = 0;
*Time = *TimeEnd - *TimeBegin - *TimePause;
//實時更新得分
gotoxy(4, 4);
color(15);
printf("得分:%3d 最高分:%3d 生存:%4ds 最久生存:%4ds", *score, *highscore, *Time, *LongTime);
//如果撞牆，停止蛇的移動
if (head->x == 2 || head->x == 50 || head->y == 6 || head->y == 27)
{
stop(sleeptime);
*endgamestatus = 1;
break;
}
//如果咬到自己（在biteself函數里停止蛇的移動）
if (biteself(sleeptime) == 1)
{
*endgamestatus = 2;
break;
}
//如果通關
if (*endgamestatus == 4)
{
break;
}
//讀取到【↑】且蛇頭指向不為【↓】
if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_UP) && *status != D)
{
*status = U;
}
//讀取到【↓】且蛇頭指向不為【↑】
else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_DOWN) && *status != U)
{
*status = D;
}
//讀取到【←】且蛇頭指向不為【→】
else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_LEFT) && *status != R)
{
*status = L;
}
//讀取到【→】且蛇頭指向不為【←】
else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_RIGHT) && *status != L)
{
*status = R;
}
else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_SPACE)) //讀取到【空格】
{
pause(PauseBegin, PauseEnd);
}
else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_ESCAPE)) //讀取到【ESC】
{
stop(sleeptime);
*endgamestatus = 3;
break;
}
Sleep(*sleeptime);
snakemove(sleeptime, count, score, status, endgamestatus);
}
}
void snakemove(unsigned long* sleeptime, int* count, int* score, int* status, int* endgamestatus)
{
int i = 0, flag = 1;
snake* nexthead;
nexthead = (snake*)malloc(sizeof(snake));
if (*count == 477)
{
stop(sleeptime);
*endgamestatus = 4;
}
else
{
if (*status == U)
{
nexthead->x = head->x;
nexthead->y = head->y - 1;
if (nexthead->x == food->x && nexthead->y == food->y) //如果前面有食物
{
nexthead->next = head;
head = nexthead;
q = head;
while (q != NULL)
{
gotoxy(q->x, q->y);
if (i == 0)
{
color(2);
printf("●");
i++;
}
else
{
color(2);
printf("■");
}
q = q->next;
}
(*score)++;
(*count)++;
if (*count != 477)
{
while (flag)
{
flag = createfood();
}
}
}
else //如果沒有食物
{
nexthead->next = head;
head = nexthead;
q = head;
while (q->next->next != NULL)
{
gotoxy(q->x, q->y);
if (i == 0)
{
color(2);
printf("●");
i++;
}
else
{
color(2);
printf("■");
}
q = q->next;
}
gotoxy(q->next->x, q->next->y);
color(0);
printf(" ");
free(q->next);
q->next = NULL;
}
}
if (*status == D)
{
nexthead->x = head->x;
nexthead->y = head->y + 1;
if (nexthead->x == food->x && nexthead->y == food->y) //如果前面有食物
{
nexthead->next = head;
head = nexthead;
q = head;
while (q != NULL)
{
gotoxy(q->x, q->y);
if (i == 0)
{
color(2);
printf("●");
i++;
}
else
{
color(2);
printf("■");
}
q = q->next;
}
(*score)++;
(*count)++;
if (*count != 477)
{
while (flag)
{
flag = createfood();
}
}
}
else //如果沒有食物
{
nexthead->next = head;
head = nexthead;
q = head;
while (q->next->next != NULL)
{
gotoxy(q->x, q->y);
if (i == 0)
{
color(2);
printf("●");
i++;
}
else
{
color(2);
printf("■");
}
q = q->next;
}
gotoxy(q->next->x, q->next->y);
color(0);
printf(" ");
free(q->next);
q->next = NULL;
}
}
if (*status == L)
{
nexthead->x = head->x - 2;
nexthead->y = head->y;
if (nexthead->x == food->x && nexthead->y == food->y) //如果前面有食物
{
nexthead->next = head;
head = nexthead;
q = head;
while (q != NULL)
{
gotoxy(q->x, q->y);
if (i == 0)
{
color(2);
printf("●");
i++;
}
else
{
color(2);
printf("■");
}
q = q->next;
}
(*score)++;
(*count)++;
if (*count != 477)
{
while (flag)
{
flag = createfood();
}
}
}
else //如果沒有食物
{
nexthead->next = head;
head = nexthead;
q = head;
while (q->next->next != NULL)
{
gotoxy(q->x, q->y);
if (i == 0)
{
color(2);
printf("●");
i++;
}
else
{
color(2);
printf("■");
}
q = q->next;
}
gotoxy(q->next->x, q->next->y);
color(0);
printf(" ");
free(q->next);
q->next = NULL;
}
}
if (*status == R)
{
nexthead->x = head->x + 2;
nexthead->y = head->y;
if (nexthead->x == food->x && nexthead->y == food->y) //如果前面有食物
{
nexthead->next = head;
head = nexthead;
q = head;
while (q != NULL)
{
gotoxy(q->x, q->y);
if (i == 0)
{
color(2);
printf("●");
i++;
}
else
{
color(2);
printf("■");
}
q = q->next;
}
(*score)++;
(*count)++;
if (*count != 477)
{
while (flag)
{
flag = createfood();
}
}
}
else //如果沒有食物
{
nexthead->next = head;
head = nexthead;
q = head;
while (q->next->next != NULL)
{
gotoxy(q->x, q->y);
if (i == 0)
{
color(2);
printf("●");
i++;
}
else
{
color(2);
printf("■");
}
q = q->next;
}
gotoxy(q->next->x, q->next->y);
color(0);
printf(" ");
free(q->next);
q->next = NULL;
}
}
}
}
void gamestart(int* score, int* highscore, int* endgamestatus, int* Time, int* LongTime, int* TimeBegin)
{
int tmp, flag = 1;
StartWindow();
while (1)
{
tmp = getch();
if (tmp == 50) //數字2的鍵碼值為50
{
endgame(score, highscore, endgamestatus, Time, LongTime);
exit(0);
}
else if (tmp == 49) //數字1的鍵碼值為49
{
break;
}
}
creatMap();
notice(score, highscore, Time, LongTime);
initsnake();
while (flag)
{
flag = createfood();
}
*TimeBegin = time(NULL); //開始程序計時
}
void gamecontinue(unsigned long* sleeptime, int* count, int* score, int* highscore, int* status, int* endgamestatus,
int* Time, int* LongTime, int* TimeBegin, int* TimeEnd, int* TimePause, int* PauseBegin, int* PauseEnd)
{
char note[4];
gotoxy(60, 16);
printf("再來一局？（yes or 任意其他字符）");
gets(note);
if (strcmp(note, "yes") == 0)
{
system("cls");
start(sleeptime);
reset(count, score, Time, TimeBegin, TimeEnd, TimePause, PauseBegin, PauseEnd);
gamestart(score, highscore, endgamestatus, Time, LongTime, TimeBegin);
gamecontrol(sleeptime, count, score, highscore, status, endgamestatus, Time, LongTime, TimeBegin, TimeEnd, TimePause, PauseBegin, PauseEnd);
endgame(score, highscore, endgamestatus, Time, LongTime);
gamecontinue(sleeptime, count, score, highscore, status, endgamestatus, Time, LongTime, TimeBegin, TimeEnd, TimePause, PauseBegin, PauseEnd);
}
else
{
gotoxy(60, 17);
printf("您已經結束了游戲。");
}
}
void stop(unsigned long* sleeptime)
{
*sleeptime = 1000000000;
}
void start(unsigned long* sleeptime)
{
*sleeptime = RESPEED;
}
void reset(int* count, int* score, int* Time, int* TimeBegin, int* TimeEnd, int* TimePause, int* PauseBegin, int* PauseEnd)
{
*score = *count = *Time = *TimeBegin = *TimeEnd = *TimePause = *PauseBegin = *PauseEnd = 0;
}
void updatescore(int* score, int* highscore, int* Time, int* LongTime)
{
if (*score > * highscore)
{
*highscore = *score;
}
if (*Time > * LongTime)
{
*LongTime = *Time;
}
}