一、Java 線程池
Java通過Executors提供四種線程池,分別為:
1、newCachedThreadPool:創建一個可緩存線程池,如果線程池長度超過處理需要,可靈活回收空閑線程,若無可回收,則新建線程。(線程最大並發數不可控制)
2、newFixedThreadPool:創建一個定長線程池,可控制線程最大並發數,超出的線程會在隊列中等待。
3、newScheduledThreadPool:創建一個定長線程池,支持定時及周期性任務執行。
4、newSingleThreadExecutor:創建一個單線程化的線程池,它只會用唯一的工作線程來執行任務,保證所有任務按照指定順序(FIFO, LIFO, 優先級)執行。
線程池比較單線程的優勢在於:
a. 重用存在的線程,減少對象創建、消亡的開銷,性能佳。
b. 可有效控制最大並發線程數,提高系統資源的使用率,同時避免過多資源競爭,避免堵塞。
c. 提供定時執行、定期執行、單線程、並發數控制等功能。
參考:http://blog.csdn.net/nk_tf/article/details/51959276
二、ThreadPoolExecutor機制
看看上面幾種線程池的實現代碼:
1、newCachedThreadPool
public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() {
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());
}
2、newFixedThreadPool
public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) {
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());
}
3、newScheduledThreadPool
public static ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool(int corePoolSize) {
return new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize);
}
public ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize) {
super(corePoolSize, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, NANOSECONDS,
new DelayedWorkQueue());
}
public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
int maximumPoolSize,
long keepAliveTime,
TimeUnit unit,
BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue) {
this(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue,
Executors.defaultThreadFactory(), defaultHandler);
}
4、newSingleThreadExecutor
public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() {
return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
(new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()));
}
可以看出這幾種線程池最終都是返回了ThreadPoolExecutor對象。
下面來看一下ThreadPoolExecutor的構造方法:
public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,//核心線程池大小
int maximumPoolSize,//最大線程池大小
long keepAliveTime,//線程池中超過corePoolSize數目的空閑線程最大存活時間;可以allowCoreThreadTimeOut(true)成為核心線程的有效時間
TimeUnit unit,//keepAliveTime的時間單位
BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,//阻塞任務隊列
ThreadFactory threadFactory,//線程工廠
RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {//當提交任務數超過maxmumPoolSize+workQueue之和時,任務會交給RejectedExecutionHandler來處理
if (corePoolSize < 0 ||
maximumPoolSize <= 0 ||
maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize ||
keepAliveTime < 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
if (workQueue == null || threadFactory == null || handler == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
this.corePoolSize = corePoolSize;
this.maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSize;
this.workQueue = workQueue;
this.keepAliveTime = unit.toNanos(keepAliveTime);
this.threadFactory = threadFactory;
this.handler = handler;
}
重點講解:
其中比較容易讓人誤解的是:corePoolSize,maximumPoolSize,workQueue之間關系。
1.當線程池小於corePoolSize時,新提交任務將創建一個新線程執行任務,即使此時線程池中存在空閑線程。
2.當線程池達到corePoolSize時,新提交任務將被放入workQueue中,等待線程池中任務調度執行
3.當workQueue已滿,且maximumPoolSize>corePoolSize時,新提交任務會創建新線程執行任務
4.當提交任務數超過maximumPoolSize時,新提交任務由RejectedExecutionHandler處理
5.當線程池中超過corePoolSize線程,空閑時間達到keepAliveTime時,關閉空閑線程
6.當設置allowCoreThreadTimeOut(true)時,線程池中corePoolSize線程空閑時間達到keepAliveTime也將關閉
那么學會使用ThreadPoolExecutor的參數后,我們就可以不用局限於最上面那四種線程池,可以按照需要來構建自己的線程池;
還有一點,通過ThreadFactory可以實現對線程的命名,舉例:
executor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(new ThreadFactory() {
final AtomicInteger threadNumber = new AtomicInteger(1);
public Thread newThread(Runnable runnable) {
// Use our own naming scheme for the threads.
Thread thread = new Thread(Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup(), runnable,
"pool-spark" + threadNumber.getAndIncrement(), 0); //這里實現命名
// Make workers daemon threads.
thread.setDaemon(true);
if (thread.getPriority() != Thread.NORM_PRIORITY) {
thread.setPriority(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY);
}
return thread;
}
});
參考:http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_9b7d76e30102wlz8.html

