Java ExecutorService四種線程池及ThreadPoolExecutor機制


一、Java 線程池

 

Java通過Executors提供四種線程池,分別為:
1、newCachedThreadPool:創建一個可緩存線程池,如果線程池長度超過處理需要,可靈活回收空閑線程,若無可回收,則新建線程。(線程最大並發數不可控制)
2、newFixedThreadPool:創建一個定長線程池,可控制線程最大並發數,超出的線程會在隊列中等待。
3、newScheduledThreadPool:創建一個定長線程池,支持定時及周期性任務執行。
4、newSingleThreadExecutor:創建一個單線程化的線程池,它只會用唯一的工作線程來執行任務,保證所有任務按照指定順序(FIFO, LIFO, 優先級)執行。

線程池比較單線程的優勢在於:

a. 重用存在的線程,減少對象創建、消亡的開銷,性能佳。
b. 可有效控制最大並發線程數,提高系統資源的使用率,同時避免過多資源競爭,避免堵塞。
c. 提供定時執行、定期執行、單線程、並發數控制等功能。

參考:http://blog.csdn.net/nk_tf/article/details/51959276

 

二、ThreadPoolExecutor機制

看看上面幾種線程池的實現代碼:

1、newCachedThreadPool

public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() {
        return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
                                      60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                                      new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());
    }

2、newFixedThreadPool

public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) {
        return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
                                      0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                      new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());
    }

3、newScheduledThreadPool

public static ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool(int corePoolSize) {
        return new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize);
    }

public ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize) {
        super(corePoolSize, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, NANOSECONDS,
              new DelayedWorkQueue());
    }

public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
                              int maximumPoolSize,
                              long keepAliveTime,
                              TimeUnit unit,
                              BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue) {
        this(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue,
             Executors.defaultThreadFactory(), defaultHandler);
    }

4、newSingleThreadExecutor

public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() {
        return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
            (new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,
                                    0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                    new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()));
    }

可以看出這幾種線程池最終都是返回了ThreadPoolExecutor對象。

 

下面來看一下ThreadPoolExecutor的構造方法:

public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,//核心線程池大小
                              int maximumPoolSize,//最大線程池大小
                              long keepAliveTime,//線程池中超過corePoolSize數目的空閑線程最大存活時間;可以allowCoreThreadTimeOut(true)成為核心線程的有效時間
                              TimeUnit unit,//keepAliveTime的時間單位
                              BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,//阻塞任務隊列
                              ThreadFactory threadFactory,//線程工廠
                              RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {//當提交任務數超過maxmumPoolSize+workQueue之和時,任務會交給RejectedExecutionHandler來處理
        if (corePoolSize < 0 ||
            maximumPoolSize <= 0 ||
            maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize ||
            keepAliveTime < 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        if (workQueue == null || threadFactory == null || handler == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        this.corePoolSize = corePoolSize;
        this.maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSize;
        this.workQueue = workQueue;
        this.keepAliveTime = unit.toNanos(keepAliveTime);
        this.threadFactory = threadFactory;
        this.handler = handler;
    }

 重點講解: 
其中比較容易讓人誤解的是:corePoolSize,maximumPoolSize,workQueue之間關系。 

1.當線程池小於corePoolSize時,新提交任務將創建一個新線程執行任務,即使此時線程池中存在空閑線程。 
2.當線程池達到corePoolSize時,新提交任務將被放入workQueue中,等待線程池中任務調度執行 
3.當workQueue已滿,且maximumPoolSize>corePoolSize時,新提交任務會創建新線程執行任務 
4.當提交任務數超過maximumPoolSize時,新提交任務由RejectedExecutionHandler處理 
5.當線程池中超過corePoolSize線程,空閑時間達到keepAliveTime時,關閉空閑線程 
6.當設置allowCoreThreadTimeOut(true)時,線程池中corePoolSize線程空閑時間達到keepAliveTime也將關閉 

 

那么學會使用ThreadPoolExecutor的參數后,我們就可以不用局限於最上面那四種線程池,可以按照需要來構建自己的線程池;

還有一點,通過ThreadFactory可以實現對線程的命名,舉例:

executor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(new ThreadFactory() {

            final AtomicInteger threadNumber = new AtomicInteger(1);

            public Thread newThread(Runnable runnable) {
                // Use our own naming scheme for the threads.
                Thread thread = new Thread(Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup(), runnable,
                        "pool-spark" + threadNumber.getAndIncrement(), 0); //這里實現命名
                // Make workers daemon threads.
                thread.setDaemon(true);
                if (thread.getPriority() != Thread.NORM_PRIORITY) {
                    thread.setPriority(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY);
                }
                return thread;
            }
        });

 

參考:http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_9b7d76e30102wlz8.html

 
       


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