openpyxl(python操作Excel)

一、安裝

>>> pip install openpyxl

import openpyxl

二、常用操作

1、創建與保存一個工作簿

wb = openpyxl.Workbook()

wb.save("sample.xlsx")

2、獲取第一個工作表（將工作看成一個二維數組）

ws = wb.active

ws.title

ws["A1"] = 520

ws.append([1, 2, 3])

3、打開一個工作簿

wb = openpyxl.load_workbook("sample.xlsx")

4、獲取工作表名稱列表，再通過工作表名稱獲取工作表對象

sheetnames = wb.sheetnames or wb.get_sheet_names()
# ["sheet", "example", "maoyan"]

example = wb.get_sheet_by_name("example") or wb["example"]

5、創建和刪除工作表

wb.create_sheet(index=0, title="example")  # index:工作表位置 title：工作表名稱

wb.remove_sheet(wb["example"])  # 需要傳入一個工作表對象

6、定位單元格

example["A1"]  # 獲取單元格對象
example["A"]  # 獲取單元格元組（列）
example["1"]  # 獲取行單元格元組（行）

c = example["C4"]
c.offset(1, 3)  # 單元格偏移
# C+1=D,4+3=7,D7

7、'AAA'是多少？

　　觀察工作表發現工作表的列索引為A-Z、AA-AZ、BA-BZ······

獲取列數字索引對應的字符格式和字符索引對應的數字格式

openpyxl.cell.cell.get_column_letter(496)
# 'SB'

openpyxl.cell.cell.column_index_from_string("SB")
# 496

8、訪問多個單元格（先行后列）

方式一：

ws["A1":"B2"]
# ((<Cell 'MaoYan'.A1>, <Cell 'MaoYan'.B1>), (<Cell 'MaoYan'.A2>, <Cell 'MaoYan'.B2>), (<Cell 'MaoYan'.A3>, <Cell 'MaoYan'.B3>))

ws["A":"B"]
# ((<Cell 'MaoYan'.A1>, <Cell 'MaoYan'.A2>, <Cell 'MaoYan'.A3>, <Cell 'MaoYan'.A4>, <Cell 'MaoYan'.A5>, <Cell 'MaoYan'.A6>, <Cell 'MaoYan'.A7>, <Cell 'MaoYan'.A8>, <Cell 'MaoYan'.A9>, <Cell 'MaoYan'.A10>), (<Cell 'MaoYan'.B1>, <Cell 'MaoYan'.B2>, <Cell 'MaoYan'.B3>, <Cell 'MaoYan'.B4>, <Cell 'MaoYan'.B5>, <Cell 'MaoYan'.B6>, <Cell 'MaoYan'.B7>, <Cell 'MaoYan'.B8>, <Cell 'MaoYan'.B9>, <Cell 'MaoYan'.B10>))

方式二：

# ws.rows、ws、columns  生成器
for row in ws.rows:  # 多行
    print(row[0])

for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=2, min_col=1, max_row=4, max_col=2):  # 指定行
　　print(row[0])

9、拷貝工作表

wb.copy_worksheet(ws["example"])  # 工作表對象

10、個性化工作表標簽欄

ws.sheet_properties.tabColor = "FFFFFF"

11、調整行高和列寬

ws.row_dimensions[2].height = 100  # 修改行高

ws.column.dimensions["A"] .width = 20  # 修改列寬

12、合並和拆分單元格(合並拆分要一致）

ws.merge_cells("A1:C3")

ws.unmerge_cells("A1:C3")

13、凍結窗口

ws.freeze_panes = "B8"  # 指定凍結的單元格后，往下滾動，小於第行的不動，往右滾動，小於第B列的不動

ws.freeze_panes = "A1"  # 解凍，設置為A1就可以了