1.安裝
pip install openpyxl
2.使用方法
2.1 給單元格和行賦值
from openpyxl import Workbook wb = Workbook() #獲取第一個活動的sheet,默認創建excel會有一個sheet ws = wb.active #單元格直接賦值 ws['A1'] = 42 #按行賦值 ws.append([1,2,3]) import datetime ws['A2'] = datetime.datetime.now() wb.save("1.xlsx")
2.2 創建sheet
from openpyxl import Workbook wb = Workbook() #在末尾插入 ws1 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet") ws1.title = "New Title" #在開始插入 ws2 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet", 0) ws2.title="你好" #在倒數第二個位置插入 ws3= wb.create_sheet("Mysheet", -1) ws3.title="third" ws1.sheet_properties.tabColor = "1072BA" for sheet in wb: print(sheet.title) wb.save("create_sheet.xlsx")
2.3 操作單元格
from openpyxl import Workbook wb=Workbook() ws1=wb.create_sheet("Mysheet") ws1["A1"]=124.45 ws1["B2"]="您好" #為第四行第二列也就是B4賦值10 d=ws1.cell(row=4, column=2, value=10) wb.save("cell.xlsx")
2.4 批量操作單元格
from openpyxl import Workbook wb = Workbook() ws = wb.active for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=2): for cell in row: cell.value="test" print(cell) for col in ws.iter_rows(min_row=3, max_col=3, max_row=4): for cell in col: cell.value="hello" print(cell) ws['c9']='hello world' tuple(ws.rows) wb.save("batchcell.xlsx")
執行完之后，會在A1,B1,C1,A2,B2,C2賦值test，在A3,B3,C3,A4,B4,C4賦值hello
2.5 操作已經存在的Excel
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from openpyxl import Workbook from openpyxl import load_workbook wb = load_workbook('sample.xlsx') wb.guess_types = True #猜測格式類型 ws=wb.active ws["D1"]="12%" # Save the file wb.save("sample.xlsx")
2.6 使用公式
from openpyxl import Workbook from openpyxl import load_workbook wb = load_workbook("sample.xlsx") ws1 = wb.active ws1["A1"] = 1 ws1["A2"] = 2 ws1["A3"] = 3 ws1["A4"] = "=SUM(1,1)" ws1["A5"] = "=SUM(A1:A3)" wb.save("sample.xlsx")
2.7 合並單元格
from openpyxl import Workbook from openpyxl import load_workbook wb = load_workbook("sample.xlsx") ws1 = wb.active ws1.merge_cells("A2:D2") #ws1.unmerge_cells("A2:D2") ws1.merge_cells(start_row=2,start_column=1,end_row=2,end_column=4) #ws1.unmerge_cells(start_row=2,start_column=1,end_row=2,end_column=4) wb.save("sample.xlsx")
2.8 插入圖片
from openpyxl import load_workbook from openpyxl.drawing.image import Image wb = load_workbook("sample.xlsx") ws1 = wb.active img = Image("jielun.png") ws1.add_image(img, 'A1') wb.save("sample.xlsx")
2.9 隱藏單元格
from openpyxl import load_workbook from openpyxl.drawing.image import Image wb = load_workbook("sample.xlsx") ws1 = wb.active ws1.column_dimensions.group('A', 'D', hidden=True) wb.save("sample.xlsx")
2.10 畫柱狀圖
from openpyxl import load_workbook from openpyxl import Workbook from openpyxl.chart import BarChart,Reference,Series wb = Workbook() ws = wb.active for i in range(10): ws.append([i]) values = Reference(ws, min_col=1, min_row=1, max_col=1, max_row=10) chart = BarChart() chart.add_data(values) ws.add_chart(chart, "E15") wb.save("sample.xlsx")
2.11 畫餅狀圖
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from openpyxl import load_workbook from openpyxl import Workbook from openpyxl.chart import (PieChart , ProjectedPieChart, Reference) from openpyxl.chart.series import DataPoint data = [ ['Pie', 'Sold'], ['Apple', 50], ['Cherry', 30], ['Pumpkin', 10], ['Chocolate', 40], ] wb = Workbook() ws = wb.active for row in data: ws.append(row) pie = PieChart() labels = Reference(ws, min_col=1, min_row=2, max_row=5) data = Reference(ws, min_col=2, min_row=1, max_row=5) pie.add_data(data, titles_from_data=True) pie.set_categories(labels) pie.title = "Pies sold by category" # Cut the first slice out of the pie slice = DataPoint(idx=0, explosion=20) pie.series[0].data_points = [slice] ws.add_chart(pie, "D1") ws = wb.create_sheet(title="Projection") data = [ ['Page', 'Views'], ['Search', 95], ['Products', 4], ['Offers', 0.5], ['Sales', 0.5], ] for row in data: ws.append(row) projected_pie = ProjectedPieChart() projected_pie.type = "pie" projected_pie.splitType = "val" # split by value labels = Reference(ws, min_col=1, min_row=2, max_row=5) data = Reference(ws, min_col=2, min_row=1, max_row=5) projected_pie.add_data(data, titles_from_data=True) projected_pie.set_categories(labels) ws.add_chart(projected_pie, "A10") from copy import deepcopy projected_bar = deepcopy(projected_pie) projected_bar.type = "bar" projected_bar.splitType = 'pos' # split by position ws.add_chart(projected_bar, "A27") # Save the file wb.save("sample.xlsx")
2.12 表格
from openpyxl.worksheet.table import Table, TableStyleInfo wb = Workbook() ws = wb.active data = [ ['Apples', 10000, 5000, 8000, 6000], ['Pears', 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000], ['Bananas', 6000, 6000, 6500, 6000], ['Oranges', 500, 300, 200, 700], ] # add column headings. NB. these must be strings ws.append(["Fruit", "2011", "2012", "2013", "2014"]) for row in data: ws.append(row) tab = Table(displayName="Table1", ref="A1:E5") # Add a default style with striped rows and banded columns style = TableStyleInfo(name="TableStyleMedium9", showFirstColumn=True, showLastColumn=True, showRowStripes=True, showColumnStripes=True) #第一列是否和樣式第一行顏色一行，第二列是否··· #是否隔行換色，是否隔列換色 tab.tableStyleInfo = style ws.add_table(tab) # Save the file wb.save("sample.xlsx")
2.13 字體
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from openpyxl import Workbook from openpyxl.styles import Font wb = Workbook() ws = wb.active ws["A1"] = "測試" ws["A2"] = "字體" col = ws.column_dimensions['A'] col.font = Font(bold=True) #將A列設定為粗體 row = ws.row_dimensions[1] row.font = Font(underline="single") #將第一行設定為下划線格式 # Save the file wb.save("sample.xlsx")
3.使用爬蟲爬取貝殼網二手房的信息並存入到excel
import sys from os import path import time import urllib3 import requests import numpy as np from bs4 import BeautifulSoup from urllib import parse from openpyxl import Workbook from openpyxl import load_workbook headers=[{'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US; rv:1.9.1.6) Gecko/20091201 Firefox/3.5.6'},\ {'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.12 Safari/535.11'},\ {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.2; Trident/6.0)'}] def get_house(): page_num = 0; total_num = 0; wb = Workbook() ws = wb.create_sheet("housesheet") ws.append(["title","tall","year","house","area","direction", "tag","totalPrice", "unitPrice"]) while(1): page_num +=1 url = "https://bj.ke.com/ershoufang/pg"+str(page_num)+"/" print(url) http = urllib3.PoolManager() time.sleep(np.random.rand()*5) try: r = http.request("GET", url, headers=headers[page_num%len(headers)]) plain_text = r.data.decode() print(plain_text) except Exception as e: print(e) continue soup = BeautifulSoup(plain_text, features="lxml") ligroup = soup.find_all("li", class_="clear") for item in ligroup: try: title = item.find("div", class_="title").a.get("title") content = item.find("div", class_="houseInfo").get_text() contents = content.strip().split("|") tall = contents[0].strip().replace("\n","") year = contents[1].strip() house = contents[2].strip().replace("\n", "") area = contents[3].strip().replace("\n", "") direction = contents[4].strip() tag = item.find("div", class_="tag").find("span").get_text() totalPrice = item.find("div", class_="totalPrice").get_text() unitPrice = item.find("div", class_="unitPrice").get_text().strip().replace("\n", "") ws.append([title, tall,year,house,area,direction,tag,totalPrice,unitPrice]) except Exception as e: print(e) continue if page_num > 20: break wb.save("hosuebeike.xlsx") if __name__=='__main__': get_house()
跑完之后，在當前目錄下會有一個excel文件，打開看一下，部分截圖如下：
