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Oracle Patch補丁體系和如何打補丁

本文轉載自   查看原文   2019-12-22 23:09   2211    企業安全實踐

　　Oracle作為大型商業關系型數據庫, 從其補丁體系就可以看出其考慮的全面性. 首先我們看下oracle Patch的主要類型:

Version/維護版本

　　針對前一個維護版本的所有補丁進行整理, 增加新的功能或對軟件有較大的改動, 進行整體測試, 得到一個軟件版本“包”, 稱為版本

Vension. 比如11.2.

One-Off pathch (例如 a bug fix)

　　One-off patches也稱為一次性補丁, 通常針對特定的版本數據庫或運行平台. 此類補丁通常較小, 使用的最為頻繁. One-off patch

只需要用Opatch工具apply即可, 不需要升級/修正數據字典. 如在數據庫使用過程中出現某些異常后如較常見的ORA-00600、ORA-07445

錯誤等可以通過一次性補丁來搞定.

Critical Patch Update(CPU)

　　一般來說CPU包含了Oracle產品安全漏洞的修復補丁集(set of security bug fix), 通常一年發布四期, 一般是每季度提供一次的一組

高優先級修復程序(往往針對安全性問題), 對於以前的安全性修復程序而言, 這些CPU是累積的, 只需要安裝最近最后一個就可以, 它就包含

了之前的所有CPU補丁, 但也可包含其他修復程序, 目的是解決與非安全性補丁之前的補丁沖突問題(即降低合並請求的必要性). 該類patch

的安裝和安裝one-off patch一樣, 同樣使用“optach apply“命令來完成. 安裝完成后應針對既有的數據庫(已經創建在使用的數據庫). 應在數據庫

級別運行數據字典升級腳本.

Bundled patches(For Windows and Exadata only)

　　用於解決在WIndows平台無法利用替換共享文件后relink的方式來更新oracle binary, 所以oracle特別針對windows發布區別與Uninx上Normal/

Molecular CPU的CPU Bundle patch. 通常情況下, Bundle Patch會別較大, windows bundle patches通常每一個季度都會發布.

PSR(Patch Set Release)/Patch Set Update(PSU)

　　PSR就是大家常見的大補丁合集, 通常1GB左右, 也就是oracle版本號的第四位即為PSR號. 也就是說oracle版本號的第四位會被修改. 每一個PSR是

都整合了之前的一些bug, 並且經過了嚴格的測試, 通常更新PSR風險相對較小. 10.2, 10.2.0.1.0是基礎發行版, 至今已有五個PSR發布, 最新10.2的PSR

為10.2.0.5.0.

　　PSU就是在每個PSR發布之間的補丁, 由於新舊PSR之前周期性較長, 而數據庫在運行期間難以保證不會出現新的bug, 因此有了PSU. PSU是對於PSR

的一個重要補充, 每個PSU修改5位版本號的第5位,如, 11.1版本升級位11.1.0.7.1; 10.2版本位10.2.0.4.2. PSU包含CPU, 所以建議盡量安裝的PSU, PSU通常也是

增量的, 大部分PSU可以直接安裝, 但有些PSU則必須要求安裝了上一個版本的PSU之后才能繼續安裝, 要仔細看各個PSU的Readme文檔. PSU與CPU一樣,

定期發布, 計划一年發布四次, 發布日期與CPU發布日期相同. PSU同樣使用Opatch工具安裝/刪除, 命令仍是apply和rollbank. 一個PSU可視作一個個補丁,

安裝和刪除操作同樣簡便.

　　PSU有三個優勢:

　　(1)低風險高價值, PSU包括:

  • Critical technical issues with fixes that may affect a large number of customers and that are already proven in the field
  • Critical Patch Update fixes

     PSU不包括

  • Changes that require re-certification (for example, Database fixes that cause optimizer plan changes)
  • Fixes that require configuration changes

　　每個PSU會限制包含bug fix的數量, 一般在25和100個之間. 會從用戶下載量最多, 以及發布的關鍵安全事件中選擇除這些補丁. 數據庫PSU確保可以支持

滾動RAC安裝.

　　(2) PSU會通過嚴格的測試, 保證各種fix可以正常運行, 不會相互影響.

　　(3) oracle版本號的第五位是作為每個PSU的增量版本號. 例如初始PSU版本號是11.1.0.7.1, 第2個針對11.1.0.7的PSU版本號就是11.1.0.7.2.

實驗：
1.測試安裝如下PSU，
Bug 24006111 - 11.2.0.4.161018 (Oct 2016) Database Patch Set Update (DB PSU) (文檔 ID 24006111.8)

 

 

選擇操作系統版本進行下載，進入目錄中執行opatch apply，

  1. [oracle@emrep11 24006111]$ /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/OPatch/opatch apply
  2. Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.2.0.3.4
  3. Copyright (c) 2012, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
  4. Oracle Home : /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1
  5. Central Inventory : /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory
  6. from : /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/oraInst.loc
  7. OPatch version : 11.2.0.3.4
  8. OUI version : 11.2.0.4.0
  9. Log file location : /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2016-11-25_19-06-21PM_1.log
  10. Verifying environment and performing prerequisite checks...
  11. Prerequisite check "CheckMinimumOPatchVersion" failed.
  12. The details are:
  13. The OPatch being used has version 11.2.0.3.4 while the following patch(es) require higher versions:
  14. Patch 17478514 requires OPatch version 11.2.0.3.5.
  15. Patch 18031668 requires OPatch version 11.2.0.3.5.
  16. Patch 18522509 requires OPatch version 11.2.0.3.5.
  17. Patch 19121551 requires OPatch version 11.2.0.3.5.
  18. Patch 19769489 requires OPatch version 11.2.0.3.5.
  19. Patch 20299013 requires OPatch version 11.2.0.3.5.
  20. Patch 20760982 requires OPatch version 11.2.0.3.5.
  21. Patch 21352635 requires OPatch version 11.2.0.3.5.
  22. Patch 21948347 requires OPatch version 11.2.0.3.5.
  23. Patch 22502456 requires OPatch version 11.2.0.3.5.
  24. Patch 23054359 requires OPatch version 11.2.0.3.5.
  25. Patch 24006111 requires OPatch version 11.2.0.3.5.
  26. Please download latest OPatch from My Oracle Support.
  27. UtilSession failed: Prerequisite check "CheckMinimumOPatchVersion" failed.
  28. Log file location: /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2016-11-25_19-06-21PM_1.log
  29. OPatch failed with error code 73


提示patch安裝需要OPatch的版本是11.2.0.3.5，使用OPatch version查看當前版本是11.2.0.3.4，所以第一步需要升級OPatch。

  1. [oracle@emrep11 ~]$ /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/OPatch/opatch version
  2. OPatch Version: 11.2.0.3.4
  3. OPatch succeeded.


2.升級OPatch，
如下選擇對應操作系統版本，下載OPatch，p17836989_112000_Linux-x86-64.zip，
補丁程序17836989: OPatch patch of version 11.2.0.3.5 for Oracle software releases 11.2.0.x (NOV 2013)

解壓縮，並復制至$ORACLE_HOME下，可以提前備份下舊版的OPatch。再執行OPatch version，

  1. [oracle@emrep11 ~]$ /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/OPatch/opatch version
  2. OPatch Version: 11.2.0.3.6
  3. OPatch succeeded.


升級至11.2.0.3.6。

3.繼續安裝，

  1. [oracle@emrep11 OPatch]$ cd 24006111/
  2. [oracle@emrep11 24006111]$ ls
  3. 17478514 18522509 19769489 20760982 21948347 23054359 patchmd.xml README.txt
  4. 18031668 19121551 20299013 21352635 22502456 24006111 README.html
  5. [oracle@emrep11 24006111]$ /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/OPatch/opatch apply
  6. Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.2.0.3.6
  7. Copyright (c) 2013, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
  8. Oracle Home : /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1
  9. Central Inventory : /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory
  10. from : /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/oraInst.loc
  11. OPatch version : 11.2.0.3.6
  12. OUI version : 11.2.0.4.0
  13. Log file location : /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2016-11-25_20-00-58PM_1.log
  14. Verifying environment and performing prerequisite checks...
  15. Prerequisite check "CheckActiveFilesAndExecutables" failed.
  16. The details are:
  17. Following executables are active :
  18. /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/bin/oracle
  19. /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/lib/libclntsh.so.11.1
  20. Prerequisite check "CheckActiveFilesAndExecutables" failed.
  21. The details are:
  22. Following executables are active :
  23. /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/lib/libsqlplus.so
  24. UtilSession failed: Prerequisite check "CheckActiveFilesAndExecutables" failed.Prerequisite check "CheckActiveFilesAndExecutables" failed.
  25. Log file location: /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2016-11-25_20-00-58PM_1.log
  26. OPatch failed with error code 73


執行失敗，從錯誤信息看，有下面三個可執行程序處於激活狀態，

  1. Following executables are active :
  2. /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/bin/oracle
  3. /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/lib/libclntsh.so.11.1
  4. /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/lib/libsqlplus.so


需要停止這些激活的可執行程序，首先查找sqlplus，

  1. [oracle@emrep11 24006111]$ ps -ef | grep sqlplus
  2. oracle 14078 26354 0 20:02 pts/9 00:00:00 grep sqlplus
  3. oracle 14578 14558 0 Jun24 pts/7 00:00:00 sqlplus as sysdba
  4. [oracle@emrep11 24006111]$ kill -9 14578
  5. [oracle@emrep11 24006111]$ ps -ef | grep sqlplus
  6. oracle 14092 26354 0 20:02 pts/9 00:00:00 grep sqlplus


接下來需要關閉數據庫，以確保libclntsh.so.11.1停止，

  1. SQL> shutdown immediate;
  2. Database closed.
  3. Database dismounted.
  4. ORACLE instance shut down.
  5. SQL> exit
  6. Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
  7. With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
  8. [oracle@emrep11 24006111]$ /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/OPatch/opatch apply
  9. Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.2.0.3.6
  10. Copyright (c) 2013, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
  11. Oracle Home : /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1
  12. Central Inventory : /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory
  13. from : /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/oraInst.loc
  14. OPatch version : 11.2.0.3.6
  15. OUI version : 11.2.0.4.0
  16. Log file location : /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2016-11-25_20-03-13PM_1.log
  17. Verifying environment and performing prerequisite checks...
  18. Prerequisite check "CheckActiveFilesAndExecutables" failed.
  19. The details are:
  20. Following executables are active :
  21. /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/lib/libclntsh.so.11.1
  22. UtilSession failed: Prerequisite check "CheckActiveFilesAndExecutables" failed.
  23. Log file location: /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2016-11-25_20-03-13PM_1.log
  24. OPatch failed with error code 73


仍舊不行，說明仍有進程使用，嘗試關閉監聽，可參考這篇文章：《opatch error code 73: Prerequisite check “CheckActiveFilesAndExecutables” failed. (文檔 ID 1942237.1)》

  1. [oracle@emrep11 24006111]$ lsnrctl status
  2. LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 25-NOV-2016 20:04:01
  3. Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
  4. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=emrep11)(PORT=1521)))
  5. STATUS of the LISTENER
  6. ------------------------
  7. Alias LISTENER
  8. Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
  9. Start Date 07-JUL-2016 09:43:29
  10. Uptime 141 days 10 hr. 20 min. 31 sec
  11. Trace Level off
  12. Security ON: Local OS Authentication
  13. SNMP OFF
  14. Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
  15. Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/diag/tnslsnr/emrep11/listener/alert/log.xml
  16. Listening Endpoints Summary...
  17. (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=emrep11)(PORT=1521)))
  18. (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
  19. Services Summary...
  20. Service "DCSOPEN" has 1 instance(s).
  21. Instance "DCSOPEN", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
  22. The command completed successfully
  23. [oracle@emrep11 24006111]$ lsnrctl stop
  24. LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 25-NOV-2016 20:04:07
  25. Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
  26. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=emrep11)(PORT=1521)))
  27. The command completed successfully


此時再次執行opatch apply，

  1. [oracle@emrep11 24006111]$ /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/OPatch/opatch apply
  2. Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.2.0.3.6
  3. Copyright (c) 2013, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
  4. Oracle Home : /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1
  5. Central Inventory : /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory
  6. from : /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/oraInst.loc
  7. OPatch version : 11.2.0.3.6
  8. OUI version : 11.2.0.4.0
  9. Log file location : /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2016-11-25_20-04-12PM_1.log
  10. Verifying environment and performing prerequisite checks...
  11. OPatch continues with these patches: 17478514 18031668 18522509 19121551 19769489 20299013 20760982 21352635 21948347 22502456 23054359 24006111
  12. Do you want to proceed? [y|n]
  13. y
  14. User Responded with: Y
  15. All checks passed.
  16. Provide your email address to be informed of security issues, install and
  17. initiate Oracle Configuration Manager. Easier for you if you use your My
  18. Oracle Support Email address/User Name.
  19. Visit http://www.oracle.com/support/policies.html for details.
  20. Email address/User Name:
  21. You have not provided an email address for notification of security issues.
  22. Do you wish to remain uninformed of security issues ([Y]es, [N]o) [N]: Y
  23. Please shutdown Oracle instances running out of this ORACLE_HOME on the local system.
  24. (Oracle Home = '/u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1')
  25. Is the local system ready for patching? [y|n]
  26. Could not recognize input. Please re-enter.
  27. y
  28. User Responded with: Y
  29. Backing up files...
  30. Applying sub-patch '17478514' to OH '/u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1'
  31. Patching component oracle.rdbms, 11.2.0.4.0...
  32. Patching component oracle.rdbms.rsf, 11.2.0.4.0...
  33. 省略中間步驟
  34. Verifying the update...
  35. Composite patch 24006111 successfully applied.
  36. Log file location: /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2016-11-25_20-04-12PM_1.log
  37. OPatch succeeded.


4.驗證安裝，

  1. [oracle@emrep11 24006111]$ /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/OPatch/opatch lsinv
  2. Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.2.0.3.6
  3. Copyright (c) 2013, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
  4. Oracle Home : /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1
  5. Central Inventory : /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory
  6. from : /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/oraInst.loc
  7. OPatch version : 11.2.0.3.6
  8. OUI version : 11.2.0.4.0
  9. Log file location : /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2016-11-25_20-16-49PM_1.log
  10. Lsinventory Output file location : /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/lsinv/lsinventory2016-11-25_20-16-49PM.txt
  11. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  12. Installed Top-level Products (1):
  13. Oracle Database 11g 11.2.0.4.0
  14. There are 1 product(s) installed in this Oracle Home.
  15. Interim patches (1) :
  16. Patch 24006111 : applied on Fri Nov 25 20:11:44 CST 2016
  17. Unique Patch ID: 20508568
  18. Patch description: "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.161018 (24006111)"
  19. Created on 26 Aug 2016, 05:54:48 hrs PST8PDT
  20. Sub-patch 23054359; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.160719 (23054359)"
  21. Sub-patch 22502456; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.160419 (22502456)"
  22. Sub-patch 21948347; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.160119 (21948347)"
  23. Sub-patch 21352635; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.8 (21352635)"
  24. Sub-patch 20760982; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.7 (20760982)"
  25. Sub-patch 20299013; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.6 (20299013)"
  26. Sub-patch 19769489; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.5 (19769489)"
  27. Sub-patch 19121551; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.4 (19121551)"
  28. Sub-patch 18522509; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.3 (18522509)"
  29. Sub-patch 18031668; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.2 (18031668)"
  30. Sub-patch 17478514; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.1 (17478514)"
  31. Bugs fixed:
  32. 17288409, 21051852, 24316947, 17811429, 18607546, 17205719, 20506699
  33. 17816865, 17922254, 23330119, 17754782, 16934803, 13364795, 17311728
  34. 17441661, 17284817, 16992075, 17446237, 14015842, 19972569, 21756677
  35. 17375354, 20925795, 21538558, 17449815, 19463897, 13866822, 17235750
  36. 17982555, 17478514, 18317531, 14338435, 18235390, 20803583, 13944971
  37. 20142975, 17811789, 16929165, 18704244, 20506706, 17546973, 20334344
  38. 14054676, 17088068, 17346091, 18264060, 17343514, 21538567, 19680952
  39. 18471685, 19211724, 13951456, 21847223, 16315398, 18744139, 16850630
  40. 23177648, 19049453, 18673304, 17883081, 19915271, 18641419, 18262334
  41. 17006183, 16065166, 18277454, 16833527, 10136473, 18051556, 17865671
  42. 17852463, 18554871, 17853498, 18334586, 17551709, 17588480, 19827973
  43. 17344412, 17842825, 18828868, 17025461, 11883252, 13609098, 17239687
  44. 17602269, 19197175, 22195457, 18316692, 17313525, 12611721, 19544839
  45. 18964939, 17600719, 18191164, 19393542, 17571306, 20777150, 18482502
  46. 19466309, 22243719, 17040527, 17165204, 18098207, 16785708, 17465741
  47. 17174582, 16180763, 16777840, 12982566, 19463893, 22195465, 22148226
  48. 16875449, 12816846, 17237521, 6599380, 19358317, 17811438, 17811447
  49. 17945983, 21983325, 18762750, 16912439, 17184721, 18061914, 17282229
  50. 18331850, 18202441, 17082359, 18723434, 21972320, 19554106, 14034426
  51. 18339044, 19458377, 17752995, 20448824, 17891943, 17258090, 17767676
  52. 16668584, 18384391, 17040764, 17381384, 15913355, 18356166, 14084247
  53. 20596234, 20506715, 21756661, 13853126, 18203837, 14245531, 16043574
  54. 21756699, 22195441, 17848897, 17877323, 21453153, 17468141, 20861693
  55. 17786518, 17912217, 17037130, 16956380, 18155762, 17478145, 17394950
  56. 18641461, 18189036, 18619917, 17027426, 21352646, 16268425, 24476274
  57. 22195492, 19584068, 18436307, 22507210, 17265217, 17634921, 13498382
  58. 21526048, 19258504, 20004087, 17443671, 22195485, 18000422, 22321756
  59. 20004021, 17571039, 21067387, 16344544, 18009564, 14354737, 21286665
  60. 18135678, 18614015, 20441797, 18362222, 17835048, 16472716, 17936109
  61. 17050888, 17325413, 14010183, 18747196, 17761775, 16721594, 17082983
  62. 20067212, 21179898, 17302277, 18084625, 15990359, 18203835, 17297939
  63. 17811456, 22380919, 16731148, 21168487, 14133975, 13829543, 17215560
  64. 17694209, 17385178, 18091059, 8322815, 17586955, 17201159, 17655634
  65. 18331812, 19730508, 18868646, 17648596, 16220077, 16069901, 17348614
  66. 17393915, 17274537, 17957017, 18096714, 17308789, 18436647, 14285317
  67. 19289642, 14764829, 18328509, 17622427, 16943711, 22195477, 14368995
  68. 22502493, 17346671, 18996843, 17783588, 21343838, 16618694, 17672719
  69. 18856999, 18783224, 17851160, 17546761, 17798953, 18273830, 22092979
  70. 16596890, 19972566, 16384983, 17726838, 22296366, 17360606, 22321741
  71. 13645875, 18199537, 16542886, 21787056, 17889549, 14565184, 17071721
  72. 17610798, 20299015, 21343897, 22893153, 20657441, 17397545, 18230522
  73. 16360112, 19769489, 12905058, 18641451, 12747740, 18430495, 17016369
  74. 17042658, 14602788, 17551063, 19972568, 21517440, 18508861, 19788842
  75. 14657740, 17332800, 13837378, 19972564, 17186905, 18315328, 19699191
  76. 17437634, 22353199, 18093615, 19006849, 19013183, 17296856, 18674024
  77. 17232014, 16855292, 17762296, 14692762, 21051840, 17705023, 22507234
  78. 19121551, 21330264, 19854503, 21868720, 19309466, 18681862, 20558005
  79. 18554763, 17390160, 18456514, 16306373, 13955826, 18139690, 17501491
  80. 17752121, 21668627, 17299889, 17889583, 18673325, 19721304, 18293054
  81. 17242746, 17951233, 18094246, 17649265, 19615136, 17011832, 16870214
  82. 17477958, 18522509, 20631274, 16091637, 17323222, 16595641, 16524926
  83. 18228645, 18282562, 17596908, 18031668, 17156148, 16494615, 22683225
  84. 17545847, 17655240, 24528741, 17614134, 13558557, 17341326, 17891946
  85. 17716305, 22657942, 16392068, 19271443, 21351877, 18092127, 17614227
  86. 18440047, 16903536, 14106803, 18973907, 18673342, 19032867, 17389192
  87. 17612828, 16194160, 17006570, 17721717, 17390431, 17570240, 16863422
  88. 18325460, 19727057, 16422541, 19972570, 17267114, 18244962, 21538485
  89. 18765602, 18203838, 16198143, 17246576, 14829250, 17835627, 18247991
  90. 14458214, 21051862, 16692232, 17786278, 17227277, 24476265, 16042673
  91. 16314254, 16228604, 16837842, 17393683, 23536835, 17787259, 20331945
  92. 20074391, 15861775, 16399083, 18018515, 22683212, 18260550, 21051858
  93. 17080436, 16613964, 17036973, 16579084, 24433711, 18384537, 18280813
  94. 20296213, 16901385, 15979965, 23330124, 18441944, 16450169, 9756271
  95. 17892268, 11733603, 16285691, 17587063, 21343775, 18180390, 16538760
  96. 18193833, 21387964, 21051833, 17238511, 17824637, 16571443, 18306996
  97. 14852021, 17853456, 18674047, 12364061, 22195448

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OPatch succeeded.
可以看出已安裝了相應的patch。
————————————————

升級PSU的注意事項

1、下載PSU補丁時, 首先確認操作系統版本以及數據庫版本, 之后下載相應的psu補丁集.

2、安裝任何補丁時,一定要仔細閱讀補丁對應的readme文件, 因為每個補丁的安裝步驟可能有所不同.

3、在grid infratruncture patch set update(簡稱: GI PSU)中包含了DB PSU, 所以只要下載並按照GI PSU的readme安裝補丁, 並使用

　　patch auto就可以把GI和數據庫的PSU都安裝上. 而且使用opatch auto的好處是完全自動化, 不需要手工停止/啟動GI. 安裝完成后,

　　在GI和DB的oracle_home會分別安裝了GI和DB的PSU, 也就是每個oracle_home下都有兩個PSU, 一個是GI的, 一個是DB的. 推薦這種

　　安裝方法, 因為有的bug需要在GI中修復, 又需要在DB中修復.

4、如果在數據庫(RDBMS)的oracle_home下沒創建任何的數據庫, 也就是ocr中找不到oracle_home下的數據庫, 那么opatch auto並不會把

　　PSU安裝在oracle_home下, 只會把PSU安裝在GI的oracle_home下,這種情況下, 如果要對數據庫的oracle_home安裝psu, 需另外執行

　　#opatch auto unzip補丁源文件 -oh <RAC_HOME>, 詳見mos文檔.

5、安裝psu的過程是滾動的(rolling), 也就是現有一台節點按照readme中步驟安裝這個psu, 當這台執行完畢, 所有的資源啟動后, 依次在其他節點

　　執行. opatch auto不能在多個節點同時執行. 

6、保證optach的版本高於readme中要求的版本, 否則請下載最新的opatch.

7、oracle database psu 、bundle patch 的命名規則一般是按照推出的先后順序，比如在2015年10月 推出的11.2.0.4的第8個db psu 就命名為：

db psu 11.2.0.4.8 ；2016年1月份推出了對psu 、spu 、 bundle patch 新的命名規則。新的命名規則以11.2.0.4為例：11.2.0.4 YYMMDD 此處的YYMMDD為patch發布的具體日期。


總結:

1、要了解Oracle Patch補丁體系中, 各種類型補丁的關系、適用范圍, 這樣才能在需要打補丁的時候選擇正確的補丁並完成安裝步驟了,.

2、某些補丁要求最低的Opatch版本, OPatch的升級僅需要下載對應操作系統版本的OPatch壓縮包, 直接壓縮至$ORACLE_HOME即可,以防萬一

可以備份之前的OPatch.

3、OPatch有一系列的命令參數, 可以幫助繼續了解, 例如有些補丁可以不用停機, 在線打使用online參數. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

　　

 

　　

 


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