C# Socket通信簡單實例

一、套接字（socket）概念

       套接字（socket）是通信的基石，是支持TCP/IP協議的網絡通信的基本操作單元。它是網絡通信過程中端點的抽象表示，包含進行網絡通信必須的五種信息：連接使用的協議，本地主機的IP地址，本地進程的協議端口，遠地主機的IP地址，遠地進程的協議端口。
　　應用層通過傳輸層進行數據通信時，TCP會遇到同時為多個應用程序進程提供並發服務的問題。多個TCP連接或多個應用程序進程可能需要通過同一個 TCP協議端口傳輸數據。為了區別不同的應用程序進程和連接，許多計算機操作系統為應用程序與TCP／IP協議交互提供了套接字(Socket)接口。應 用層可以和傳輸層通過Socket接口，區分來自不同應用程序進程或網絡連接的通信，實現數據傳輸的並發服務。

二、建立socket連接

       建立Socket連接至少需要一對套接字，其中一個運行於客戶端，稱為ClientSocket ，另一個運行於服務器端，稱為ServerSocket 。
　　套接字之間的連接過程分為三個步驟：服務器監聽，客戶端請求，連接確認。

1. 服務器監聽：服務器端套接字並不定位具體的客戶端套接字，而是處於等待連接的狀態，實時監控網絡狀態，等待客戶端的連接請求 
2. 客戶端請求：指客戶端的套接字提出連接請求，要連接的目標是服務器端的套接字。為此，客戶端的套接字必須首先描述它要連接的服務器的套接字，指出服務器端套接字的地址和端口號，然后就向服務器端套接字提出連接請求。
3. 連接確認：當服務器端套接字監聽到或者說接收到客戶端套接字的連接請求時，就響應客戶端套接字的請求，建立一個新的線程，把服務器端套接字的描述發給客戶 端，一旦客戶端確認了此描述，雙方就正式建立連接。而服務器端套接字繼續處於監聽狀態，繼續接收其他客戶端套接字的連接請求。

服務端前台XMAL

 

<Window x:Class="Socket通信.MainWindow" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" xmlns:local="clr-namespace:Socket通信" mc:Ignorable="d" Title="服務端" Height="350" Width="525" Loaded="Window_Loaded" >
     <Grid>
         <Grid.RowDefinitions>
             <RowDefinition Height="50*"/>
             <RowDefinition Height="190*"/>
             <RowDefinition Height="81*"/>
         </Grid.RowDefinitions>
         <Grid Grid.Row="0">
             <WrapPanel VerticalAlignment="Center">
                 <Label Padding="5">IP:</Label>
                 <TextBox Padding="3" Width="150" Name="IP"></TextBox>
                 <Label Padding="5">Port:</Label>
                 <TextBox Padding="3" Width="100" Name="Port"></TextBox>
                 <Button Padding="3" Margin="3" Click="Start_View_Click">開始監聽</Button>
                 <Button Padding="3" Margin="3" Click="Stop_Click">停止監聽</Button>
             </WrapPanel>
         </Grid>
         <Grid Grid.Row="1">
             <ListBox Name="ListConnet"></ListBox>
         </Grid>
         <Grid Grid.Row="2">
             <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                 <ColumnDefinition Width="405*"/>
                 <ColumnDefinition Width="113*"/>
             </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
            
                 <TextBox Name="SentConnet"></TextBox>
                 <Button Grid.Column="1" Click="Send_Click">發送</Button>
          
         </Grid>
     </Grid>
 </Window>

 

服務端后台代碼

 

using System; using System.Net; using System.Net.Sockets; using System.Text; using System.Threading; using System.Windows; namespace Socket通信 { /// <summary>
     /// MainWindow.xaml 的交互邏輯 /// </summary>
     public partial class MainWindow : Window { public MainWindow() { InitializeComponent(); } Socket socketSend; private void Start_View_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { try { //點擊開始監聽時 在服務端創建一個負責監聽IP和端口號的Socket
                  Socket socketWatch = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp); IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Any;                //創建對象端口
                 IPEndPoint point = new IPEndPoint(ip, Convert.ToInt32(Port.Text)); socketWatch.Bind(point);//綁定端口號
                 ShowMsg("監聽成功!"); socketWatch.Listen(10);//設置監聽 //創建監聽線程
                  Thread thread = new Thread(Listen); thread.IsBackground = true; thread.Start(socketWatch); } catch { } } void Listen(object o) { try { Socket socketWatch = o as Socket; while (true) { socketSend = socketWatch.Accept();//等待接收客戶端連接
                     ShowMsg(socketSend.RemoteEndPoint.ToString() + ":" + "連接成功!"); //開啟一個新線程，執行接收消息方法
                     Thread r_thread = new Thread(Received); r_thread.IsBackground = true; r_thread.Start(socketSend); } } catch { } } /// <summary>
           /// 服務器端不停的接收客戶端發來的消息 /// </summary>
           /// <param name="o"></param>
           void Received(object o) { try { Socket socketSend = o as Socket; while (true) { //客戶端連接服務器成功后，服務器接收客戶端發送的消息
                    byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 1024 * 3]; //實際接收到的有效字節數
                      int len = socketSend.Receive(buffer); if (len == 0) { break; } string str = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer, 0, len); ShowMsg("接收到的客戶端數據：" + socketSend.RemoteEndPoint + ":" + str); } } catch { } } /// <summary>
           /// 服務器向客戶端發送消息 /// </summary>
           /// <param name="str"></param>
           void Send(string str) { byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(str); socketSend.Send(buffer); } void ShowMsg(string msg) { Dispatcher.Invoke(() => { ListConnet.Items.Add(msg + "\r\n"); }); } private void Send_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { Send(SentConnet.Text.Trim()); } private void Window_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { } private void Stop_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { socketSend.Close(); ShowMsg("已經停止監聽!"); } } }

 

客戶端前台XMAL

 

<Window x:Class="Socket_Client.MainWindow" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" xmlns:local="clr-namespace:Socket_Client" mc:Ignorable="d" Title="客戶端" Height="350" Width="525">
    <Grid>
         <Grid.RowDefinitions>
             <RowDefinition Height="50*"/>
             <RowDefinition Height="190*"/>
             <RowDefinition Height="81*"/>
         </Grid.RowDefinitions>
         <Grid Grid.Row="0">
             <WrapPanel VerticalAlignment="Center">
                 <Label Padding="5">IP:</Label>
                 <TextBox Padding="3" Width="150" Name="IP"></TextBox>
                 <Label Padding="5">Port:</Label>
                 <TextBox Padding="3" Width="100" Name="Port"></TextBox>
                 <Button Padding="3" Margin="3" Click="Start_View_Click">連接</Button>
                 <Button Padding="3" Margin="3" Click="Stop_Click">斷開連接</Button>
             </WrapPanel>
         </Grid>
         <Grid Grid.Row="1">
             <TextBox Name="ListConnet"></TextBox>
         </Grid>
         <Grid Grid.Row="2">
             <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                 <ColumnDefinition Width="405*"/>
                 <ColumnDefinition Width="113*"/>
             </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>

 

            <TextBox Name="SentConnet"></TextBox>
             <Button Grid.Column="1" Click="Send_Click">發送</Button>

        </Grid>
     </Grid>
 </Window>

 

客戶端后台代碼

 

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Net; using System.Net.Sockets; using System.Text; using System.Threading; using System.Threading.Tasks; using System.Windows; using System.Windows.Controls; using System.Windows.Data; using System.Windows.Documents; using System.Windows.Input; using System.Windows.Media; using System.Windows.Media.Imaging; using System.Windows.Navigation; using System.Windows.Shapes; namespace Socket_Client { /// <summary>
     /// MainWindow.xaml 的交互邏輯 /// </summary>
     public partial class MainWindow : Window { public MainWindow() { InitializeComponent(); } Socket socketSend; private void Start_View_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { try { //創建客戶端Socket，獲得遠程ip和端口號
                    socketSend = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp); IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse(IP.Text); IPEndPoint point = new IPEndPoint(ip, Convert.ToInt32(Port.Text)); socketSend.Connect(point); ShowMsg("連接成功!"); //開啟新的線程，不停的接收服務器發來的消息
                    Thread c_thread = new Thread(Received); c_thread.IsBackground = true; c_thread.Start(); } catch (Exception) { ShowMsg("IP或者端口號錯誤..."); } } void ShowMsg(string str) { Dispatcher.Invoke(() => { ListConnet.AppendText(str + "\r\n"); }); } /// <summary>
          /// 接收服務端返回的消息 /// </summary>
         void Received() { while (true) { try { byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 1024 * 3]; //實際接收到的有效字節數
                    int len = socketSend.Receive(buffer); if (len == 0) { continue; } string str = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer, 0, len); ShowMsg("接收到的服務端數據：" + socketSend.RemoteEndPoint + ":" + str); } catch { } } } private void Send_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { try { string msg = SentConnet.Text.Trim(); byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 1024 * 3]; buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(msg); socketSend.Send(buffer); } catch { } } private void Stop_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { socketSend.Close(); ShowMsg("連接已經斷開!"); } } }

 

 

轉：https://www.cnblogs.com/TechnologyDictionary/archive/2019/02/22/10423068.html