C#通信之Socket通信的簡單例子

socket通常也稱作”套接字”，用於描述IP地址和端口，是一個通信鏈的句柄。應用程序通常通過”套接字”向網絡發出請求或者應答網絡請求。

這里構建一個簡單的例子，客戶端發消息，服務端接收，然后回執一條消息。大致能夠了解如何使用Socket進行通信。

服務端監聽，接收信息：

客戶端連接，並發送信息：

使用Socket通信，程序一般會在幕后運行，然后再合適的時間提示信息。這很自然的就會涉及到多線程的問題。在這個例子中因為每個連接都要創建一 個線程，所以需要對線程進行管理。這里我使用了兩個類：Connection（管理具體Socket連接）和SocketListener（管理線程和連 接）。

看看代碼吧：

1、Connection：服務端用於接收消息，處理具體的連接

public class Connection
    {
        Socket _connection;
 
        public Connection(Socket socket)
        {
            _connection = socket;
        }
 
        public void WaitForSendData()
        {
            while (true)
            {
                byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
                string data = "";
 
                //等待接收消息
                int bytesRec = this._connection.Receive(bytes);
 
                if (bytesRec == 0)
                {
                    ReceiveText("客戶端[" + _connection.RemoteEndPoint.ToString() + "]連接關閉...");
                    break;
                }
 
                data += Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes, 0, bytesRec);
                ReceiveText("收到消息：" + data);
 
                string sendStr = "服務端已經收到信息！";
                byte[] bs = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(sendStr);
                _connection.Send(bs, bs.Length, 0);
            }
        }
 
        public delegate void ReceiveTextHandler(string text);
        public event ReceiveTextHandler ReceiveTextEvent;
        private void ReceiveText(string text)
        {
            if (ReceiveTextEvent != null)
            {
                ReceiveTextEvent(text);
            }
        }
    }

2、SocketListener：啟動服務端Socket監聽

public class SocketListener
    {
        public Hashtable Connection = new Hashtable();
 
        public void StartListen()
        {
            try
            {
                //端口號、IP地址
                int port = 2000;
                string host = "127.0.0.1";
                IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse(host);
                IPEndPoint ipe = new IPEndPoint(ip, port);
 
                //創建一個Socket類
                Socket s = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
                s.Bind(ipe);//綁定2000端口
                s.Listen(0);//開始監聽
 
                ReceiveText("啟動Socket監聽...");
 
                while (true)
                {
                    Socket connectionSocket = s.Accept();//為新建連接創建新的Socket
 
                    ReceiveText("客戶端[" + connectionSocket.RemoteEndPoint.ToString() + "]連接已建立...");
 
                    Connection gpsCn = new Connection(connectionSocket);
                    gpsCn.ReceiveTextEvent += new Connection.ReceiveTextHandler(ReceiveText);
 
                    Connection.Add(connectionSocket.RemoteEndPoint.ToString(), gpsCn);
 
                    //在新線程中啟動新的socket連接，每個socket等待，並保持連接
                    Thread thread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(gpsCn.WaitForSendData));
                    thread.Name = connectionSocket.RemoteEndPoint.ToString();
                    thread.Start();
                }
            }
            catch (ArgumentNullException ex1)
            {
                ReceiveText("ArgumentNullException:" + ex1);
            }
            catch (SocketException ex2)
            {
                ReceiveText("SocketException:" + ex2);
            }
        }
 
        public delegate void ReceiveTextHandler(string text);
        public event ReceiveTextHandler ReceiveTextEvent;
        private void ReceiveText(string text)
        {
            if (ReceiveTextEvent != null)
            {
                ReceiveTextEvent(text);
            }
        }
    }

3、服務端主程序

 /// <summary>
    /// Interaction logic for MainWindow.xaml
    /// </summary>
    public partial class MainWindow : Window
    {
        SocketListener listener;
        public MainWindow()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
 
            InitServer();
        }
 
        private void InitServer()
        {
            System.Timers.Timer t = new System.Timers.Timer(2000);
            //實例化Timer類，設置間隔時間為5000毫秒；
            t.Elapsed += new System.Timers.ElapsedEventHandler(CheckListen);
            //到達時間的時候執行事件； 
            t.AutoReset = true;
            t.Start();
        }
 
        private void CheckListen(object sender, System.Timers.ElapsedEventArgs e)
        {
            if (listener != null && listener.Connection != null)
            {
                //label2.Content = listener.Connection.Count.ToString();
                ShowText("連接數：" + listener.Connection.Count.ToString());
            }
        }
 
        private void button1_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            Thread th = new Thread(new ThreadStart(SocketListen));
            th.Start();
        }
 
        private void SocketListen()
        {
            listener = new SocketListener();
            listener.ReceiveTextEvent += new SocketListener.ReceiveTextHandler(ShowText);
            listener.StartListen();
        }
 
        public delegate void ShowTextHandler(string text);
        ShowTextHandler setText;
 
        private void ShowText(string text)
        {
            if (System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread != txtSocketInfo.Dispatcher.Thread)
            {
                if (setText == null)
                {
                    setText = new ShowTextHandler(ShowText);
                }
                txtSocketInfo.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(setText, DispatcherPriority.Normal, new string[] { text });
            }
            else
            {
                txtSocketInfo.AppendText(text + "\n");
            }
        }
 
        private void button2_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            ClientWindow client = new ClientWindow();
            client.Show();
        }
    }

4、客戶端：建立連接，發送消息

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 public partial class ClientWindow : Window
    {
        Socket c;
        public ClientWindow()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            InitClient();
        }
 
        private void InitClient()
        {
            int port = 2000;
            string host = "127.0.0.1";
            IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse(host);
            IPEndPoint ipe = new IPEndPoint(ip, port);//把ip和端口轉化為IPEndPoint實例
            c = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);//創建一個Socket
 
            ShowText("連接到Socket服務端...");
 
            c.Connect(ipe);//連接到服務器
        }
 
        private void button1_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {
                ShowText("發送消息到服務端...");
                string sendStr = textBox2.Text;
                byte[] bs = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(sendStr);
                c.Send(bs, bs.Length, 0);
 
                string recvStr = "";
                byte[] recvBytes = new byte[1024];
                int bytes;
                bytes = c.Receive(recvBytes, recvBytes.Length, 0);//從服務器端接受返回信息
                recvStr += Encoding.UTF8.GetString(recvBytes, 0, bytes);
 
                ShowText("服務器返回信息：" + recvStr);
            }
            catch (ArgumentNullException ex1)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("ArgumentNullException:{0}", ex1);
            }
            catch (SocketException ex2)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("SocketException:{0}", ex2);
            }
        }
 
        private void ShowText(string text)
        {
            txtSockInfo.AppendText(text + "\n");
        }
    }

這是一個WPF的程序，WPF對多線程訪問控件和WinForm的處理方式不太一樣。

轉自波斯馬，原文地址《C#通信之Socket通信的簡單例子》