基於圖結構實現地鐵乘坐線路查詢
- github-python算法和flaskapp部分:repo
- github-android部分:repo
- flaskapp接口文檔:傳送門
- 深度了解Dijkstra優化算法:傳送門
- personblog:github_page or csdnblog
問題描述
編寫一個程序實現地鐵最短乘坐(站)線路查詢,輸入為起始站名和目的站名,輸出為從起始站到目的站的最短乘坐站換乘線路。
1.采用Dijkstra算法實現,使用優先隊列對性能進行了優化;
2.如果兩站間存在多條最短路徑,則輸出其中的一條即可;
- 本次項目實現采用了flask作為后端提供接口服務,使用androidApp進行get請求獲得數據,顯示在Textview中
設計需求
- 確定儲存地鐵站文件的格式文件 (已確認使用json格式和文本格式)
- 確定讀取地鐵站數據的方式 (使用python的file打開命令)
- 確定獲取兩站點最小站點數的算法方式
- 進行外表封裝
- 進行輸出格式的確定
- 性能測試
- 最后結果檢查
數據存儲格式
stationline.txt文本為存儲的地圖數據文本,格式如下圖所示:
- 使用0與1來分別表示是否需要換乘
地鐵線路條數
線路x 線路x站數
站名1 是否需要換乘
站名2 是否需要換乘
...
- 數據示例
2 20
曹庄 0
卞興 0
芥園西道 0
咸陽路 0
長虹公園 1
廣開四馬路 0
西南角 1
鼓樓 0
東南角 0
建國道 0
天津站 1
遠洋國際中心 0
順馳橋 0
靖江路 1
翠阜新村 0
嶼東城 0
登州路 0
國山路 0
數據文本讀取代碼
with open(os.path.join(os.path.abspath('..'), "station/stationLine.txt"), "r") as f:
TOTAL = f.readline()
for line in f.readlines():
if line != '\n':
line = line.rstrip('\n')
line = line.split(' ')
if line[0] in LINEDATA:
linei = line[0]
continue
line[1] = linei
line0 = line[0]
intline = int(line[1])
if intline not in data.keys():
data[intline] = []
data[intline].append(line0)
else:
data[intline].append(line0)
if line0 not in datanum.keys():
datanum[line0] = [intline]
else:
datanum[line0].append(intline)
- 打印結果
stationline {"1": ["劉園", "西橫堤", "果酒廠", "本溪路", "勤儉道", "洪湖里", "西站", "西北角", ..]}
linesdata {"劉園": [1], "西橫堤": [1], "果酒廠": [1], "本溪路": [1], "勤儉道": [1], "洪湖里": [1], "西站": [1, 6], "西北角": [1], "西南角": [1, 2], "二緯路": [1], "海光寺": [1], "鞍山道": [1], "營口道": [1, 3], "小白樓": [1], "下瓦房": [1, 5],....}
station_num {"劉園": 0, "西橫堤": 1, "果酒廠": 2, "本溪路": 3, "勤儉道": 4, "洪湖里": 5, "西站": 6, "西北角": 7, "西南角": 8, "二緯路": 9, "海光寺": 10, "鞍山道": 11, "營口道": 12, "小白樓": 13, "下瓦房": 14,.....}
- 獲得點與點之間的最短路徑:
def find_shortest_path(graph, start, end, path=[]):
# 查找最短路徑
path = path + [start]
if start == end:
return path
if not start in graph.keys():
return None
shortest = None
for node in graph[start]:
if node not in path:
newpath = find_shortest_path(graph, node, end, path)
if newpath:
if not shortest or len(newpath) < len(shortest):
shortest = newpath
return shortest
def find_all_paths(graph, start, end, path):
# 查找所有的路徑
path = path + [start]
if start == end:
return [path]
if not start in graph.keys():
return []
paths = []
for node in graph[start]:
if node not in path:
newpaths = find_all_paths(graph, node, end, path)
for newpath in newpaths:
paths.append(newpath)
return paths
pathss = {}
for i in range(I):
for j in range(I):
if RouteGraph.get_edge(i, j) == 1:
start = STATIO[i]
end = STATIO[j]
if i not in pathss.keys():
pathss[i] = [j]
else:
pathss[i].append(j)
# pathss是記錄每個站點接觸的站點list
# print(pathss)
- dijkstra算法具體分析
def dijkstra_shortest_pathS(graph, v0, endpos):
vnum = 0
for i in pathss.keys():
vnum += 1
assert 0 <= v0 < vnum
# 長為vnum的表記錄路徑
paths = [None] * vnum
count = 0
cands = PrioQueue([(0, v0, v0)])
while count < vnum and not cands.is_empty():
plen, u, vmin = cands.dequeue()
if paths[vmin]:
continue
paths[vmin] = (u, plen)
# print(u, plen)
for v in graph[vmin]:
if not paths[v]:
cands.enqueue((plen + 1, vmin, v))
count += 1
return paths
- stationController 部分
# encoding=utf-8
import os
import json
from stationplan import computefshortestpath
from stationplan import getInfo
def getShort(start, end):
stationnum, s = computefshortestpath(start, end)
return stationnum, s
def getInfoStation():
stationnumlist, stationlist = getInfo()
return stationnumlist, stationlist
if __name__ == "__main__":
a, b = getInfoStation()
print(type(a))
print(type(b))
- stationController中具體使用的函數分析
# 確定出發點和最后的站點
def computefshortestpath(startpos, endpos):
s1 = STATION_NUM[startpos]
e1 = STATION_NUM[endpos]
# print(s1,e1)
paths = dijkstra_shortest_pathS(pathss, s1, e1)
# print(paths)
b = []
p = paths[e1][0]
# print(paths[e1])
b.append(STATIO[p])
while True:
p1 = paths[p][0]
p = p1
b.append(STATIO[p])
if p == s1:
break
b.reverse()
if s1 != e1:
b.append(STATIO[e1])
stationnumo = len(b)
s = ""
s += b[0]
for i in range(1, len(b) - 1):
a1 = set(datanum[b[i - 1]])
b1 = set(datanum[b[i + 1]])
c1 = set(datanum[b[i]])
# 如果沒有交集,說明不是同一條路,對當前站點前后站點進行分析,如果兩個站點屬於
# 的站點線號沒有發生重疊,說明當前線路在該站點沒有進行換乘
if not len(a1 & b1):
if len(datanum[b[i + 1]]) != 0:
s += "-" + str((list(set(datanum[b[i]]) & b1)[0])) + "號線"
s += "-" + b[i]
else:
s += "-" + b[i]
s += "-" + b[len(b) - 1]
return stationnumo, s
def getInfo():
return data, STATION_NUM
flask app的分析:
- flask具體作用類似與springboot,是python后端的一個框架,對新手及其友好,而json包則是用來處理json輸出格式的一個工具
- 具體詳情查看flask官方中文文檔
# encoding=utf-8
from flask import Flask, request
from stationController import getShort
from stationController import getInfoStation
import json
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/getStationInfo', methods=['GET'])
def getStationInfo():
num = request.args["num"]
num = int(num)
data, stationlist = getInfoStation()
if not num:
result = {
"code": 500,
"msg": "the service make a mistake -.-"
}
else:
strmsg = data[num]
print(strmsg)
result = {
"code": 0,
"msg": strmsg
}
return json.dumps(result)
@app.route('/getShortestPath', methods=['GET'])
def getShortestPath():
start = request.args['start']
end = request.args['end']
data, stationlist = getInfoStation()
print(start not in stationlist.keys() and end not in stationlist.keys)
if (not start or not end) or (start not in stationlist.keys() or end not in stationlist.keys()):
result = {
"code": 501,
"msg": "please input the correct start and end station -.-"
}
else:
stationnum, strmsg = getShort(start, end)
result = {
"code": 0,
"msg": strmsg,
"stationnum": stationnum
}
return json.dumps(result)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=80)
- flask具體demo已經部署在服務器上,返回信息,請求方式等具體請查看接口文檔:傳送門
安卓部分
- 編譯器使用AS進行開發
- 使用友好的流線式布局進行開發
- 布局代碼如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:paddingBottom="10dp"
android:paddingLeft="10dp"
android:paddingRight="10dp"
android:paddingTop="30dp"
android:orientation="vertical"
tools:context=".MainActivity" >
<TextView
android:id="@+id/textView1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="請選擇站點線路起點線" />
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="141dp"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:orientation="vertical">
<Spinner
android:id="@+id/spinner1"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="50dp" />
<Spinner
android:id="@+id/spinner2"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="50dp"
android:layout_marginTop="20dp" />
</LinearLayout>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/textView2"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="請選擇站點線路終點線" />
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="141dp"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:orientation="vertical">
<Spinner
android:id="@+id/spinner3"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="50dp" />
<Spinner
android:id="@+id/spinner4"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="50dp"
android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
/>
</LinearLayout>
<Button
android:id="@+id/searchButton"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="40dp"
android:text="搜索最短路線">
</Button>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/showShortestPath"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:text="">
</TextView>
</LinearLayout>
- 對與spinner(下拉框的集聯操作使用xml進行了儲存)
- 當選中相應的station值時進行選擇第二個spinner中的應該顯示的值
- 格式如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
<string-array name="station">
<item>-站點線路-</item>
<item>1</item>
<item>2</item>
<item>3</item>
<item>5</item>
<item>6</item>
<item>9</item>
</string-array>
<string-array name="station1">
<item>-站點-</item>
<item>劉園</item>
<item>西橫堤</item>
<item>果酒廠</item>
<item>本溪路</item>
<item>勤儉道</item>
<item>洪湖里</item>
<item>西站</item>
<item>西北角</item>
<item>西南角</item>
<item>二緯路</item>
<item>海光寺</item>
<item>鞍山道</item>
<item>營口道</item>
<item>小白樓</item>
<item>下瓦房</item>
<item>南樓</item>
<item>土城</item>
<item>陳塘庄</item>
<item>復興門</item>
<item>華山里</item>
<item>財經大學</item>
<item>雙林</item>
<item>李樓</item>
</string-array>
......
</resources>
- 代碼控制:
....
if (pro.equals("1")) {
cityAdapter = ArrayAdapter.createFromResource(
MainActivity.this, R.array.station1,
android.R.layout.simple_spinner_dropdown_item);
sr4.setAdapter(cityAdapter);
sr4.setOnItemSelectedListener(new AdapterView.OnItemSelectedListener() {
@Override
public void onItemSelected(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
String strstation = MainActivity.this.getResources().getStringArray(R.array.station1)[position];
sr4Val = strstation;
}
@Override
public void onNothingSelected(AdapterView<?> parent) {
}
});
}
.....
- demo圖
- 使用okhttps獲得json數據,get方式
- 相應的as添加jar包方式:
- 打開路徑:file->project Structure->Depndences->app->+號 搜索相應的包即可
- 博主用的是 okhttp:2.7.5的包
public void SendGetRequest(final String url,final String startpos,final String endpos){
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();//創建OkHttpClient對象
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url("http://139.9.90.185/getShortestPath?start="+startpos+"&end="+endpos)//請求接口。如果需要傳參拼接到接口后面。
.build();//創建Request 對象
Response response = null;
response = client.newCall(request).execute();//得到Response 對象
if (response.isSuccessful()) {
Log.d("kwwl","response.code()=="+response.code());
Log.d("kwwl","response.message()=="+response.message());
// Log.d("kwwl","res=="+response.body().string());
String resdata = response.body().string();
System.out.println(resdata);
//此時的代碼執行在子線程,修改UI的操作請使用handler跳轉到UI線程。
JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(resdata);
String code = (jsonObject.getString("code"));
if(Integer.parseInt(code)==0) {
String resultpath = (jsonObject.getString("msg"));
String resultnum = (jsonObject.getString("stationnum"));
show("站點數:" + resultnum + "\n" + "站點最短路徑:" + resultpath);
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"正在搜索中,請稍后",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}else{
String msg = (jsonObject.getString("msg"));
show("提示信息:"+msg);
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"提示信息:"+msg,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
// System.out.println(result);
}else{
show("請求出錯,請選擇正確的站點請求");
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"請求出錯,請選擇正確的站點請求",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}).start();
}
//顯示在下方的TextView中
private void show(final String result) {
runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
textShowPaths.setText(result);
}
});
}