北理工機器人隊RM視覺組ubuntu必備軟件安裝指南

基礎軟件安裝

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt install git curl vim gcc g++

zsh終端安裝

sudo apt install zsh  curl git vim make cmake

chsh -s /bin/zsh  

sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh)"    

chsh -s /bin/zsh  

sudo apt install autojump

git clone git://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions $ZSH_CUSTOM/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions

git clone git://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git $ZSH_CUSTOM/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting

echo    'plugins=(git autojump zsh-autosuggestions zsh-syntax-highlighting)' >> ~/.zshrc

automatic login non-GUI

參考資料

cmake與make

sudo apt update
sudo apt install cmake make

vscode

下載deb包，安裝即可。vscode download

樹莓派等arm設備請訪問headmelted

安裝code-server，以樹莓派為例，請訪問bilibili

xmake

下載xmake的deb包。xmake下載
下載完成后，安裝即可。
在vscode下安裝xmake插件。

QT

下載地址
選擇5.13.0下載安裝即可。中間可能需要注冊賬號，按照提示注冊即可。
安裝命令

sudo ./[softwarename]

第三方庫安裝

eigen

eigen是C++開源線性代數庫。

sudo apt install libeigen3-dev

cJSON安裝

該c語言庫僅用與安裝，不需要了解如何使用。
關於cjson的安裝必須按照下述的install方式，避免由於安裝方式的不同造成兼容性問題。

git clone https://github.com/DaveGamble/cJSON.git
cd cJSON
mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
make
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig

VTK安裝

該第三包不必安裝。

# https://vtk.org/download/ 下載相應的版本源代碼並解壓縮
# cd vtk 切換到對應文件夾下
mkdir build
cd build

wget https://www.vtk.org/files/release/8.2/VTKData-8.2.0.zip # 這里的版本號應當與軟件版本號相適應
unzip VTKData-8.2.0.zip
rm VTKData-8.2.0.zip
mv VTK-8.2.0/.ExternalData/ ..

cmake -D VTK_USE_CUDA=ON \
      -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE \
      -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local \
      -D VTK_USE_MPI=ON \
      -D VTK_WRAP_PYTHON=OFF \
      -D VTK_SMP_IMPLEMENTATION_TYPE=TBB \
      ..
make -j4
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig

yaml-cpp安裝

git clone https://github.com/jbeder/yaml-cpp.git
cd yaml-cpp
mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
make -j2
sudo make install

OpenCV安裝

B站鏈接

解決無法從github下載問題

在/etc/hosts文件中增加下面語句

151.101.76.133 github-com.s3.amazonaws.com

在ubuntu下，路徑是/etc/hosts.

jetson nano安裝

這是在jetson nano下安裝OpenCV的教程，開啟了CUDA編譯，支持VTK和OpenGL，在使用下述腳本安裝前，先看后面的報錯部分進行環境配置。同時改腳本要求提前安裝VTK。

# gpu_install
sudo apt update
sudo apt-get install -y libtiff5-dev libeigen3-dev
sudo apt install -y git gcc g++ make cmake libgtk2.0-dev libgoogle-glog-dev 
sudo apt install -y libtesseract-dev libgtkglext1 libgtkglext1-dev ffmpeg
sudo apt install -y libv4l-0 libv4l-dev
sudo apt install -y liblapacke-dev libopenblas-dev libgtk-3-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev 
sudo apt install -y libgstreamer1.0-dev libavresample-dev libgphoto2-dev libdc1394-22-dev
sudo apt-get install -y build-essential make cmake cmake-curses-gui git g++ pkg-config curl
sudo apt-get install -y libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libavutil-dev libswscale-dev libeigen3-dev libglew-dev libgtk2.0-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libtbb2 libtbb-dev libv4l-dev v4l-utils qv4l2 v4l2ucp
sudo apt-get install -y libdc1394-22-dev libxine2-dev libgstreamer1.0-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libjpeg8-dev libjpeg-turbo8-dev libtiff-dev libpng-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libxvidcore-dev libx264-dev libgtk-3-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libatlas-base-dev libopenblas-dev liblapack-dev liblapacke-dev gfortran
sudo apt-get install -y qt5-default
sudo apt-get install -y python3-dev python3-testresources
cd opencv-3.4.7
mkdir build
cd build
cmake   -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE \
        -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local \
        -D WITH_CUDA=ON \
        # https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-gpus
        -D CUDA_ARCH_BIN="5.3" \
        -D CUDA_ARCH_PTX="5.3" \
        -D WITH_CUBLAS=ON \
        -D ENABLE_FAST_MATH=ON \
        -D CUDA_FAST_MATH=ON \
        -D ENABLE_NEON=ON \
        -D WITH_GSTREAMER=ON \
        -D WITH_LIBV4L=ON \
        -D BUILD_opencv_python2=OFF \
        -D BUILD_opencv_python3=ON \
        -D BUILD_TESTS=OFF \
        -D BUILD_PERF_TESTS=OFF \
        -D BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF  \
        -D OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=../../opencv_contrib-3.4.7/modules \
        -D WITH_TBB=ON \
        -D BUILD_opencv_world=OFF \
        -D WITH_OPENGL=ON \
        -D WITH_GTK_2_X=ON \
        -D OPENCV_ENABLE_NONFREE=ON \
        -D EIGEN_INCLUDE_PATH="/usr/include/eigen3" \
        -D WITH_XINE=ON \
        -D WITH_GDAL=ON \
        -D WITH_QT=ON \
        ..
make -j4
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig

編譯完成后可以采用sudo make install進行安裝，但是make install安裝有一個問題就是需要保留build文件夾才能較為完整地卸載所安裝的軟件，而Opencv編譯后的build文件夾有十多個G，所以十分占用空間，在這里考慮使用Checkinstall代替make install。
Checkinstall是將源碼轉換成deb或者rpm包的工具，操作簡單。在編譯完成后，首先修改一下checkinstall的配置文件checkinstallrc，可以通過whereis checkinstallrc查找此文件的位置，打開文件修改BACKUP變量為0（默認為1），這個變量控制在checkinstall過程中是否保存備份文件，由於Opencv編譯生成的文件太大，保存備份文件會很耗時，所以選擇不保存備份文件。
修改完checkinstall的配置文件后，直接運行sudo checkinstall即可，會在build目錄下生成一個.deb包，此時Opencv已經安裝上了，以后如果需要刪除Opencv，直接運行：sudo dpkg -r build，而如果要安裝直接運行sudo dpkg -i build_xxx.deb即可。

jetson nano報錯

該錯誤解決方案

樹莓派安裝

sudo apt update
sudo apt-get install -y libtiff5-dev libeigen3-dev
sudo apt install -y git gcc g++ make cmake libgtk2.0-dev libgoogle-glog-dev 
sudo apt install -y libtesseract-dev libgtkglext1 libgtkglext1-dev ffmpeg
sudo apt install -y libv4l-0 libv4l-dev
sudo apt install -y liblapacke-dev libopenblas-dev libgtk-3-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev 
sudo apt install -y libgstreamer1.0-dev libavresample-dev libgphoto2-dev libdc1394-22-dev
sudo apt-get install -y build-essential make cmake cmake-curses-gui git g++ pkg-config curl
sudo apt-get install -y libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libavutil-dev libswscale-dev libeigen3-dev libglew-dev libgtk2.0-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libtbb2 libtbb-dev libv4l-dev v4l-utils qv4l2 v4l2ucp
sudo apt-get install -y libdc1394-22-dev libxine2-dev libgstreamer1.0-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libjpeg8-dev libjpeg-turbo8-dev libtiff-dev libpng-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libxvidcore-dev libx264-dev libgtk-3-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libatlas-base-dev libopenblas-dev liblapack-dev liblapacke-dev gfortran
sudo apt-get install -y qt5-default
sudo apt-get install -y python3-dev python3-testresources
cd opencv-3.4.7
mkdir build
cd build
cmake   -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE \
        -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local \
        -D ENABLE_NEON=ON \
        -D ENABLE_VFPV3=ON \
        -D ENABLE_FAST_MATH=ON \
        -D WITH_GSTREAMER=ON \
        -D WITH_LIBV4L=ON \
        -D BUILD_opencv_python2=OFF \
        -D BUILD_opencv_python3=ON \
        -D BUILD_TESTS=OFF \
        -D BUILD_PERF_TESTS=OFF \
        -D BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF  \
        -D WITH_TBB=ON \
        -D BUILD_opencv_world=OFF \
        -D WITH_OPENGL=ON \
        -D WITH_GTK_2_X=ON \
        -D OPENCV_ENABLE_NONFREE=ON \
        -D EIGEN_INCLUDE_PATH="/usr/include/eigen3" \
        -D WITH_XINE=ON \
        -D WITH_GDAL=ON \
        ..
make -j4
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig

ubuntu18.04

sudo apt update
sudo apt-get install -y libtiff5-dev libeigen3-dev
sudo apt install -y git gcc g++ make cmake libgtk2.0-dev libgoogle-glog-dev 
sudo apt install -y libtesseract-dev libgtkglext1 libgtkglext1-dev ffmpeg
sudo apt install -y libv4l-0 libv4l-dev
sudo apt install -y liblapacke-dev libopenblas-dev libgtk-3-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev 
sudo apt install -y libgstreamer1.0-dev libavresample-dev libgphoto2-dev libdc1394-22-dev
sudo apt-get install -y build-essential make cmake cmake-curses-gui git g++ pkg-config curl
sudo apt-get install -y libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libavutil-dev libswscale-dev libeigen3-dev libglew-dev libgtk2.0-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libtbb2 libtbb-dev libv4l-dev v4l-utils qv4l2 v4l2ucp
sudo apt-get install -y libdc1394-22-dev libxine2-dev libgstreamer1.0-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libjpeg8-dev libjpeg-turbo8-dev libtiff-dev libpng-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libxvidcore-dev libx264-dev libgtk-3-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libatlas-base-dev libopenblas-dev liblapack-dev liblapacke-dev gfortran
sudo apt-get install -y qt5-default
sudo apt-get install -y python3-dev python3-testresources
cd opencv-3.4.7
mkdir build
cd build
cmake   -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE \
        -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local \
        -D ENABLE_NEON=ON \
        -D ENABLE_FAST_MATH=ON \
        -D WITH_GSTREAMER=ON \
        -D WITH_LIBV4L=ON \
        -D BUILD_opencv_python2=OFF \
        -D BUILD_opencv_python3=ON \
        -D BUILD_TESTS=OFF \
        -D BUILD_PERF_TESTS=OFF \
        -D BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF  \
        -D WITH_TBB=ON \
        -D BUILD_opencv_world=OFF \
        -D WITH_OPENGL=ON \
        -D WITH_GTK_2_X=ON \
        -D OPENCV_ENABLE_NONFREE=ON \
        -D EIGEN_INCLUDE_PATH="/usr/include/eigen3" \
        -D WITH_XINE=ON \
        -D WITH_GDAL=ON \
        ..
make -j4
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig

安裝成功的界面

flameshot

這是一個截屏軟件。

sudo apt install flameshot

設置快捷鍵：


這里點擊加號。

這里設置命令。首先要找到flameshot的位置。

然后輸入

/usr/bin/flameshot gui

即可完成設置。

zeal

這是離線的API搜索引擎。
安裝地址：zeal