Measures of Variation
方差:measures of variation or measures of spread
源於range發現range不足以評估整個set(因為只用到largest and smallest value),所以有了方差
The Sample Standard Deviation:
偏差:How far, on average, the observations are from the mean;
幾何意義:
必須取絕對值,否則第二列sum=0(因為得到的均值就是找到使得到所有值算數值之和為0的點),所以在這里取了平方,所以sum of squared deviations,偏差的平方和。
為什么sample variance除以(n-1)?
Other ways:
Rounding Rule: Do not perform any rounding until the computation is complete; otherwise, substantial roundoff error can result
用標准差恢復了方差作為與mean值的差距,在直觀上證明了這一點(最初的expect range)