我們先來了解下分號和冒號的作用:分號的主要作用是來連接兩個在語法上平等的成分;冒號的主要作用是引起讀者對冒號后面內容的注意力。下面總結下規則:
用分號的情況:
1、用分號連接兩個獨立的句子
兩個獨立的句子不能夠用逗號隔開,如果用逗號,必須逗號后面要加並列連詞(and, but, or, nor, yet, so, for),這7個連詞有兩個作用,一個是語法上連接兩個“平等”的句子(和主從句作比較),另外一個是從語義上交代前后兩個句子之間的關系。如果(重點來了!),前后兩句話的關系不需要通過這7個並列連詞就可以很明顯看出來,那么兩句話就可以用分號連接了!比如說:
In film, a low-angle shot makes the subject look powerful; a high-angle shot does just the opposite.
如果兩個獨立的句子之間的關系比較復雜,上面說的7個連詞已經不能滿足了,這個時候,要用分號鏈接兩個句子,並在分號后面加上一些並列副詞或者詞組,往往這些詞后面馬上會有逗號,和第二個句子分開,比如說:
Many corals grow very gradually; in fact, the creation of a coral reef can take centuries. 注意分號和逗號的位置,這里的 “in fact” 就是並列詞組,常用的並列副詞總結一下有如下(大家看下however也在里面,以后用however連接兩個單獨的句子的時候,要用分號或者句號,而不是逗號)。
2、如果在列舉ABC三個東西的時候,ABC內部有逗號,那么ABC之間要用分號隔開
Classic science fiction sagas include Star Trek, with Captain Kirk, Dr. McCoy, and Mr. Spock; Battlestar Galactica, with its Cylons; and Star Wars, with Han Solo, Luke Skywalker, and Darth Vader. 注意這邊分號的位置和作用!
常見的分號錯誤使用整理:
→ Although children’s literature was added to the National Book Awards in 1969; it has had its own award, the Newbery Medal, since 1922.(這里的分號要改成逗號,因為 Although 引導的是一個從句,不能夠單獨成為一個句子)
→ The scientists were fascinated by the species Argyroneta aquatica; a spider that lives underwater.(這里的分號改成逗號,后面是一個同位語的成分,而不是一個獨立的句子)
→ Some of my favorite celebrities have their own blogs; Lindsay Lohan, Rosie O’Donnell, and Zach Braff.(這里的分號要改成冒號,用來引出一些列的東西)
→ Five of the applicants had worked with spreadsheets; but only one was familiar with database management.(這里的分號要改成逗號,因為右面有上面說到過的7個並列連詞)
用冒號的情況:
→ 用來引出一系列的東西
The daily routine should include at least the following: twenty knee bends, fifty sit-ups, fifteen leg lifts, and five minutes of running in place.
→ 用來引出同位語
My roommate is guilty of two of the seven deadly sins: gluttony and sloth.
→ 用來引出引言
Consider the words of Benjamin Franklin: “There never was a good war or a bad peace.”
→ 用來引出解釋或者總結
Faith is like love: It cannot be forced.
The novel is clearly autobiographical: The author even gives his own name to the main character.
→ 寫英文信件稱呼后
Dear Sir or Madam: (用冒號是非常正式的,在美式商務英語中用得比較多,在英式英語或者不正式的信件中,可以用逗號)
常見的冒號使用錯誤整理:
→ Some important vitamins found in vegetables are: vitamin A, thiamine, niacin, and vitamin C.(這里不需要冒號,謂語和賓語或者謂語和補語之間不能用標點符號分開)
→ The NCAA regulates college athletic teams, including: basketball, baseball, softball, and football.(在 including, such as, for example 后面不要用分號)
以上就是關於英文論文中分號和冒號的用法,希望對大家有所幫助,正所謂細節決定成敗,大家在英文論文寫作中一定要避免出現這些細節錯誤,有則改之,無則加勉。
轉自:http://www.51due.com/online-tutoring/writing-skills/sample67741.html