elasticsearch之布爾查詢
前言
布爾查詢是最常用的組合查詢，根據子查詢的規則，只有當文檔滿足所有子查詢條件時，elasticsearch引擎才將結果返回。布爾查詢支持的子查詢條件共4中：
- must（and）
- should（or）
- must_not（not）
- filter
下面我們來看看每個子查詢條件都是怎么玩的。
准備數據
PUT zhifou/doc/1
{
"name":"顧老二",
"age":30,
"from": "gu",
"desc": "皮膚黑、武器長、性格直",
"tags": ["黑", "長", "直"]
}
PUT zhifou/doc/2
{
"name":"大娘子",
"age":18,
"from":"sheng",
"desc":"膚白貌美，嬌憨可愛",
"tags":["白", "富","美"]
}
PUT zhifou/doc/3
{
"name":"龍套偏房",
"age":22,
"from":"gu",
"desc":"mmp，沒怎么看，不知道怎么形容",
"tags":["造數據", "真","難"]
}
PUT zhifou/doc/4
{
"name":"石頭",
"age":29,
"from":"gu",
"desc":"粗中有細，狐假虎威",
"tags":["粗", "大","猛"]
}
PUT zhifou/doc/5
{
"name":"魏行首",
"age":25,
"from":"廣雲台",
"desc":"仿佛兮若輕雲之蔽月,飄飄兮若流風之回雪,mmp，最后竟然沒有嫁給顧老二！",
"tags":["閉月","羞花"]
}must
現在，我們用布爾查詢所有from屬性為gu的數據：
GET zhifou/doc/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must": [
{
"match": {
"from": "gu"
}
}
]
}
}
}上例中，我們通過在bool屬性（字段）內使用must來作為查詢條件，那么條件是什么呢？條件同樣被match包圍，就是from為gu的所有數據。
這里需要注意的是must字段對應的是個列表，也就是說可以有多個並列的查詢條件，一個文檔滿足各個子條件后才最終返回。
結果如下：
{
"took" : 1,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 5,
"successful" : 5,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : 3,
"max_score" : 0.6931472,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "4",
"_score" : 0.6931472,
"_source" : {
"name" : "石頭",
"age" : 29,
"from" : "gu",
"desc" : "粗中有細，狐假虎威",
"tags" : [
"粗",
"大",
"猛"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_score" : 0.2876821,
"_source" : {
"name" : "顧老二",
"age" : 30,
"from" : "gu",
"desc" : "皮膚黑、武器長、性格直",
"tags" : [
"黑",
"長",
"直"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "3",
"_score" : 0.2876821,
"_source" : {
"name" : "龍套偏房",
"age" : 22,
"from" : "gu",
"desc" : "mmp，沒怎么看，不知道怎么形容",
"tags" : [
"造數據",
"真",
"難"
]
}
}
]
}
}上例中，可以看到，所有from屬性為gu的數據查詢出來了。
那么，我們想要查詢from為gu，並且age為30的數據怎么搞呢？
GET zhifou/doc/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must": [
{
"match": {
"from": "gu"
}
},
{
"match": {
"age": 30
}
}
]
}
}
}上例中，在must列表中，在增加一個age為30的條件。
結果如下：
{
"took" : 8,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 5,
"successful" : 5,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : 1,
"max_score" : 1.287682,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_score" : 1.287682,
"_source" : {
"name" : "顧老二",
"age" : 30,
"from" : "gu",
"desc" : "皮膚黑、武器長、性格直",
"tags" : [
"黑",
"長",
"直"
]
}
}
]
}
}上例，符合條件的數據被成功查詢出來了。
注意：現在你可能慢慢發現一個現象，所有屬性值為列表的，都可以實現多個條件並列存在
should
那么，如果要查詢只要是from為gu或者tags為閉月的數據怎么搞？
GET zhifou/doc/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"should": [
{
"match": {
"from": "gu"
}
},
{
"match": {
"tags": "閉月"
}
}
]
}
}
}上例中，或關系的不能用must的了，而是要用should，只要符合其中一個條件就返回。
結果如下：
{
"took" : 1,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 5,
"successful" : 5,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : 4,
"max_score" : 0.6931472,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "4",
"_score" : 0.6931472,
"_source" : {
"name" : "石頭",
"age" : 29,
"from" : "gu",
"desc" : "粗中有細，狐假虎威",
"tags" : [
"粗",
"大",
"猛"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "5",
"_score" : 0.5753642,
"_source" : {
"name" : "魏行首",
"age" : 25,
"from" : "廣雲台",
"desc" : "仿佛兮若輕雲之蔽月,飄飄兮若流風之回雪,mmp，最后竟然沒有嫁給顧老二！",
"tags" : [
"閉月",
"羞花"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_score" : 0.2876821,
"_source" : {
"name" : "顧老二",
"age" : 30,
"from" : "gu",
"desc" : "皮膚黑、武器長、性格直",
"tags" : [
"黑",
"長",
"直"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "3",
"_score" : 0.2876821,
"_source" : {
"name" : "龍套偏房",
"age" : 22,
"from" : "gu",
"desc" : "mmp，沒怎么看，不知道怎么形容",
"tags" : [
"造數據",
"真",
"難"
]
}
}
]
}
}返回了所有符合條件的結果。
must_not
那么，如果我想要查詢from既不是gu並且tags也不是可愛，還有age不是18的數據怎么辦？
GET zhifou/doc/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must_not": [
{
"match": {
"from": "gu"
}
},
{
"match": {
"tags": "可愛"
}
},
{
"match": {
"age": 18
}
}
]
}
}
}上例中，must和should都不能使用，而是使用must_not，又在內增加了一個age為18的條件。
結果如下：
{
"took" : 9,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 5,
"successful" : 5,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : 1,
"max_score" : 1.0,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "5",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "魏行首",
"age" : 25,
"from" : "廣雲台",
"desc" : "仿佛兮若輕雲之蔽月,飄飄兮若流風之回雪,mmp，最后竟然沒有嫁給顧老二！",
"tags" : [
"閉月",
"羞花"
]
}
}
]
}
}上例中，只有魏行首這一條數據，因為只有魏行首既不是顧家的人，標簽沒有可愛那一項，年齡也不等於18！
這里有點需要補充，條件中age對應的18你寫成整形還是字符串都沒啥......讓灑家感受到一種比Python還自由奔放的氣息！像極了JavaScript！
filter
那么，如果要查詢from為gu，age大於25的數據怎么查？
GET zhifou/doc/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must": [
{
"match": {
"from": "gu"
}
}
],
"filter": {
"range": {
"age": {
"gt": 25
}
}
}
}
}
}這里就用到了filter條件過濾查詢，過濾條件的范圍用range表示，gt表示大於，大於多少呢？是25。
結果如下：
{
"took" : 2,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 5,
"successful" : 5,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : 2,
"max_score" : 0.6931472,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "4",
"_score" : 0.6931472,
"_source" : {
"name" : "石頭",
"age" : 29,
"from" : "gu",
"desc" : "粗中有細，狐假虎威",
"tags" : [
"粗",
"大",
"猛"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_score" : 0.2876821,
"_source" : {
"name" : "顧老二",
"age" : 30,
"from" : "gu",
"desc" : "皮膚黑、武器長、性格直",
"tags" : [
"黑",
"長",
"直"
]
}
}
]
}
}上例中，age大於25的條件都已經篩選出來了。
那么要查詢from是gu，age大於等於30的數據呢？
GET zhifou/doc/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must": [
{
"match": {
"from": "gu"
}
}
],
"filter": {
"range": {
"age": {
"gte": 30
}
}
}
}
}
}上例中，大於等於用gte表示。
結果如下：
{
"took" : 0,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 5,
"successful" : 5,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : 1,
"max_score" : 0.2876821,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_score" : 0.2876821,
"_source" : {
"name" : "顧老二",
"age" : 30,
"from" : "gu",
"desc" : "皮膚黑、武器長、性格直",
"tags" : [
"黑",
"長",
"直"
]
}
}
]
}
}那么，要查詢age小於25的呢？
GET zhifou/doc/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"filter": {
"range": {
"age": {
"lt": 25
}
}
}
}
}
}上例中，小於用lt表示，結果如下：
{
"took" : 1,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 5,
"successful" : 5,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : 2,
"max_score" : 0.0,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "2",
"_score" : 0.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "大娘子",
"age" : 18,
"from" : "sheng",
"desc" : "膚白貌美，嬌憨可愛",
"tags" : [
"白",
"富",
"美"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "3",
"_score" : 0.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "龍套偏房",
"age" : 22,
"from" : "gu",
"desc" : "mmp，沒怎么看，不知道怎么形容",
"tags" : [
"造數據",
"真",
"難"
]
}
}
]
}
}在查詢一個age小於等於18的怎么辦呢？
GET zhifou/doc/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"filter": {
"range": {
"age": {
"lte": 18
}
}
}
}
}
}上例中，小於等於用lte表示。結果如下：
{
"took" : 0,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 5,
"successful" : 5,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : 1,
"max_score" : 0.0,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "2",
"_score" : 0.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "大娘子",
"age" : 18,
"from" : "sheng",
"desc" : "膚白貌美，嬌憨可愛",
"tags" : [
"白",
"富",
"美"
]
}
}
]
}
}要查詢from是gu，age在25~30之間的怎么查？
GET zhifou/doc/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must": [
{
"match": {
"from": "gu"
}
}
],
"filter": {
"range": {
"age": {
"gte": 25,
"lte": 30
}
}
}
}
}
}上例中，使用lte和gte來限定范圍。結果如下：
{
"took" : 1,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 5,
"successful" : 5,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : 2,
"max_score" : 0.6931472,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "4",
"_score" : 0.6931472,
"_source" : {
"name" : "石頭",
"age" : 29,
"from" : "gu",
"desc" : "粗中有細，狐假虎威",
"tags" : [
"粗",
"大",
"猛"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_score" : 0.2876821,
"_source" : {
"name" : "顧老二",
"age" : 30,
"from" : "gu",
"desc" : "皮膚黑、武器長、性格直",
"tags" : [
"黑",
"長",
"直"
]
}
}
]
}
}那么，要查詢from是sheng，age小於等於25的怎么查呢？其實結果，我們可能已經想到了，只有一條，因為只有盛家小六符合結果。
GET zhifou/doc/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must": [
{
"match": {
"from": "sheng"
}
}
],
"filter": {
"range": {
"age": {
"lte": 25
}
}
}
}
}
}結果果然不出灑家所料！
{
"took" : 0,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 5,
"successful" : 5,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : 1,
"max_score" : 0.6931472,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "2",
"_score" : 0.6931472,
"_source" : {
"name" : "大娘子",
"age" : 18,
"from" : "sheng",
"desc" : "膚白貌美，嬌憨可愛",
"tags" : [
"白",
"富",
"美"
]
}
}
]
}
}但是，灑家手一抖，將must換為should看看會發生什么？
GET zhifou/doc/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"should": [
{
"match": {
"from": "sheng"
}
}
],
"filter": {
"range": {
"age": {
"lte": 25
}
}
}
}
}
}結果如下：
{
"took" : 1,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 5,
"successful" : 5,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : 3,
"max_score" : 0.6931472,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "2",
"_score" : 0.6931472,
"_source" : {
"name" : "大娘子",
"age" : 18,
"from" : "sheng",
"desc" : "膚白貌美，嬌憨可愛",
"tags" : [
"白",
"富",
"美"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "5",
"_score" : 0.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "魏行首",
"age" : 25,
"from" : "廣雲台",
"desc" : "仿佛兮若輕雲之蔽月,飄飄兮若流風之回雪,mmp，最后竟然沒有嫁給顧老二！",
"tags" : [
"閉月",
"羞花"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "3",
"_score" : 0.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "龍套偏房",
"age" : 22,
"from" : "gu",
"desc" : "mmp，沒怎么看，不知道怎么形容",
"tags" : [
"造數據",
"真",
"難"
]
}
}
]
}
}結果有點出乎意料，因為龍套偏房和魏行首不屬於盛家，但也被查詢出來了。那你要問了，怎么肥四？小老弟！這是因為在查詢過程中，優先經過filter過濾，因為should是或關系，龍套偏房和魏行首的年齡符合了filter過濾條件，也就被放行了！所以，如果在filter過濾條件中使用should的話，結果可能不會盡如人意！建議使用must代替。
注意：filter工作於bool查詢內。比如我們將剛才的查詢條件改一下，把filter從bool中挪出來。
GET zhifou/doc/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must": [
{
"match": {
"from": "sheng"
}
}
]
},
"filter": {
"range"： {
"age": {
"lte": 25
}
}
}
}
}如上例所示，我們將filter與bool平級，看查詢結果：
{
"error": {
"root_cause": [
{
"type": "parsing_exception",
"reason": "[bool] malformed query, expected [END_OBJECT] but found [FIELD_NAME]",
"line": 12,
"col": 5
}
],
"type": "parsing_exception",
"reason": "[bool] malformed query, expected [END_OBJECT] but found [FIELD_NAME]",
"line": 12,
"col": 5
},
"status": 400
}結果報錯了！所以，filter工作位置很重要。
小結：
must：與關系，相當於關系型數據庫中的and。should：或關系，相當於關系型數據庫中的or。must_not：非關系，相當於關系型數據庫中的not。filter：過濾條件。range：條件篩選范圍。gt：大於，相當於關系型數據庫中的>。gte：大於等於，相當於關系型數據庫中的>=。lt：小於，相當於關系型數據庫中的<。lte：小於等於，相當於關系型數據庫中的<=。
歡迎斧正，that's all