堡壘機實例以及數據庫操作
堡壘機前戲
開發堡壘機之前，先來學習Python的paramiko模塊，該模塊基於SSH用於連接遠程服務器並執行相關操作
使用Python語言的paramiko模塊編寫服務器批量管理腳本，可完成一些常規任務，例如自動化部署軟件、批量執行命令、文件傳輸等。除了Paramiko模塊，還有相同作用的fabric和pexpect模塊。
Paramiko模塊是基於Python實現的SSH遠程安全連接，用於SSH遠程執行命令、文件傳輸等功能。默認Python沒有自帶。
需要手動安裝：pip install paramiko
如果安裝失敗，可以嘗試yum安裝：yum install python-paramiko
SSHClient
用於連接遠程服務器並執行基本命令
import paramiko
# 創建SSH對象
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
# 允許連接不在know_hosts文件中的主機
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
# 連接服務器
ssh.connect(hostname='c1.salt.com', port=22, username='wupeiqi', password='123')
# 執行命令
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')
# 獲取命令結果
result = stdout.read()
# 關閉連接
ssh.close()
import paramiko
transport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname', 22))
transport.connect(username='wupeiqi', password='123')
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh._transport = transport
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')
print stdout.read()
transport.close()
SSHClient 封裝 Transport
基於公鑰密鑰連接：
import paramiko
private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa')
# 創建SSH對象
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
# 允許連接不在know_hosts文件中的主機
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
# 連接服務器
ssh.connect(hostname='c1.salt.com', port=22, username='wupeiqi', key=private_key)
# 執行命令
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')
# 獲取命令結果
result = stdout.read()
# 關閉連接
ssh.close()
import paramiko
private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa')
transport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname', 22))
transport.connect(username='wupeiqi', pkey=private_key)
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh._transport = transport
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')
transport.close()
import paramiko
from io import StringIO
key_str = """-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----"""
private_key = paramiko.RSAKey(file_obj=StringIO(key_str))
transport = paramiko.Transport(('10.0.1.40', 22))
transport.connect(username='wupeiqi', pkey=private_key)
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh._transport = transport
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')
result = stdout.read()
transport.close()
print(result)
基於私鑰字符串進行連接
SFTPClient
用於連接遠程服務器並執行上傳下載
基於用戶名密碼上傳下載
import paramiko
transport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname',22))
transport.connect(username='wupeiqi',password='123')
sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
# 將location.py 上傳至服務器 /tmp/test.py
sftp.put('/tmp/location.py', '/tmp/test.py')
# 將remove_path 下載到本地 local_path
sftp.get('remove_path', 'local_path')
transport.close()
基於公鑰密鑰上傳下載
import paramiko
private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa')
transport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname', 22))
transport.connect(username='wupeiqi', pkey=private_key )
sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
# 將location.py 上傳至服務器 /tmp/test.py
sftp.put('/tmp/location.py', '/tmp/test.py')
# 將remove_path 下載到本地 local_path
sftp.get('remove_path', 'local_path')
transport.close()
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import paramiko
import uuid
class Haproxy(object):
def __init__(self):
self.host = '172.16.103.191'
self.port = 22
self.username = 'wupeiqi'
self.pwd = '123'
self.__k = None
def create_file(self):
file_name = str(uuid.uuid4())
with open(file_name,'w') as f:
f.write('sb')
return file_name
def run(self):
self.connect()
self.upload()
self.rename()
self.close()
def connect(self):
transport = paramiko.Transport((self.host,self.port))
transport.connect(username=self.username,password=self.pwd)
self.__transport = transport
def close(self):
self.__transport.close()
def upload(self):
# 連接，上傳
file_name = self.create_file()
sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(self.__transport)
# 將location.py 上傳至服務器 /tmp/test.py
sftp.put(file_name, '/home/wupeiqi/tttttttttttt.py')
def rename(self):
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh._transport = self.__transport
# 執行命令
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('mv /home/wupeiqi/tttttttttttt.py /home/wupeiqi/ooooooooo.py')
# 獲取命令結果
result = stdout.read()
ha = Haproxy()
ha.run()
Demo
堡壘機的實現
實現思路：
堡壘機執行流程：
- 管理員為用戶在服務器上創建賬號（將公鑰放置服務器，或者使用用戶名密碼）
- 用戶登陸堡壘機，輸入堡壘機用戶名密碼，現實當前用戶管理的服務器列表
- 用戶選擇服務器，並自動登陸
- 執行操作並同時將用戶操作記錄
注：配置.brashrc實現ssh登陸后自動執行腳本，如：/usr/bin/python /home/wupeiqi/menu.py
實現過程
步驟一，實現用戶登陸
import getpass
user = raw_input('username:')
pwd = getpass.getpass('password')
if user == 'alex' and pwd == '123':
print '登陸成功'
else:
print '登陸失敗'
步驟二，根據用戶獲取相關服務器列表
dic = {
'alex': [
'172.16.103.189',
'c10.puppet.com',
'c11.puppet.com',
],
'eric': [
'c100.puppet.com',
]
}
host_list = dic['alex']
print 'please select:'
for index, item in enumerate(host_list, 1):
print index, item
inp = raw_input('your select (No):')
inp = int(inp)
hostname = host_list[inp-1]
port = 22
步驟三，根據用戶名、私鑰登陸服務器
tran = paramiko.Transport((hostname, port,))
tran.start_client()
default_path = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.ssh', 'id_rsa')
key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(default_path)
tran.auth_publickey('wupeiqi', key)
# 打開一個通道
chan = tran.open_session()
# 獲取一個終端
chan.get_pty()
# 激活器
chan.invoke_shell()
#########
# 利用sys.stdin,肆意妄為執行操作
# 用戶在終端輸入內容，並將內容發送至遠程服務器
# 遠程服務器執行命令，並將結果返回
# 用戶終端顯示內容
#########
chan.close()
tran.close()
while True:
# 監視用戶輸入和服務器返回數據
# sys.stdin 處理用戶輸入
# chan 是之前創建的通道，用於接收服務器返回信息
readable, writeable, error = select.select([chan, sys.stdin, ],[],[],1)
if chan in readable:
try:
x = chan.recv(1024)
if len(x) == 0:
print '\r\n*** EOF\r\n',
break
sys.stdout.write(x)
sys.stdout.flush()
except socket.timeout:
pass
if sys.stdin in readable:
inp = sys.stdin.readline()
chan.sendall(inp)
肆意妄為方式一
# 獲取原tty屬性
oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin)
try:
# 為tty設置新屬性
# 默認當前tty設備屬性：
# 輸入一行回車，執行
# CTRL+C 進程退出，遇到特殊字符，特殊處理。
# 這是為原始模式，不認識所有特殊符號
# 放置特殊字符應用在當前終端，如此設置，將所有的用戶輸入均發送到遠程服務器
tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno())
chan.settimeout(0.0)
while True:
# 監視 用戶輸入 和 遠程服務器返回數據（socket）
# 阻塞，直到句柄可讀
r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], [], 1)
if chan in r:
try:
x = chan.recv(1024)
if len(x) == 0:
print '\r\n*** EOF\r\n',
break
sys.stdout.write(x)
sys.stdout.flush()
except socket.timeout:
pass
if sys.stdin in r:
x = sys.stdin.read(1)
if len(x) == 0:
break
chan.send(x)
finally:
# 重新設置終端屬性
termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty)
肆意妄為方式二
def windows_shell(chan):
import threading
sys.stdout.write("Line-buffered terminal emulation. Press F6 or ^Z to send EOF.\r\n\r\n")
def writeall(sock):
while True:
data = sock.recv(256)
if not data:
sys.stdout.write('\r\n*** EOF ***\r\n\r\n')
sys.stdout.flush()
break
sys.stdout.write(data)
sys.stdout.flush()
writer = threading.Thread(target=writeall, args=(chan,))
writer.start()
try:
while True:
d = sys.stdin.read(1)
if not d:
break
chan.send(d)
except EOFError:
# user hit ^Z or F6
pass
肆意妄為方式三
注：密碼驗證 t.auth_password(username, pw)
詳見：paramiko源碼demo
數據庫操作
Python 操作 Mysql 模塊的安裝
linux：
yum install MySQL-python
window：
http://files.cnblogs.com/files/wupeiqi/py-mysql-win.zip
SQL基本使用
1、數據庫操作
show databases; use [databasename]; create database [name];
2、數據表操作
show tables;
create table students
(
id int not null auto_increment primary key,
name char(8) not null,
sex char(4) not null,
age tinyint unsigned not null,
tel char(13) null default "-"
);
CREATE TABLE `wb_blog` (
`id` smallint(8) unsigned NOT NULL,
`catid` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`title` varchar(80) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`content` text NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
UNIQUE KEY `catename` (`catid`)
) ;
3、數據操作
insert into students(name,sex,age,tel) values('alex','man',18,'151515151')
delete from students where id =2;
update students set name = 'sb' where id =1;
select * from students
4、其他
主鍵 外鍵 左右連接
Python MySQL API
一、插入數據
import MySQLdb
conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')
cur = conn.cursor()
reCount = cur.execute('insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%s,%s)',('alex','usa'))
# reCount = cur.execute('insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%(id)s, %(name)s)',{'id':12345,'name':'wupeiqi'})
conn.commit()
cur.close()
conn.close()
print reCount
import MySQLdb
conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')
cur = conn.cursor()
li =[
('alex','usa'),
('sb','usa'),
]
reCount = cur.executemany('insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%s,%s)',li)
conn.commit()
cur.close()
conn.close()
print reCount
批量插入數據
注意：cur.lastrowid
二、刪除數據
import MySQLdb
conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')
cur = conn.cursor()
reCount = cur.execute('delete from UserInfo')
conn.commit()
cur.close()
conn.close()
print reCount
三、修改數據
import MySQLdb
conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')
cur = conn.cursor()
reCount = cur.execute('update UserInfo set Name = %s',('alin',))
conn.commit()
cur.close()
conn.close()
print reCount
四、查數據
# ############################## fetchone/fetchmany(num) ##############################
import MySQLdb
conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')
cur = conn.cursor()
reCount = cur.execute('select * from UserInfo')
print cur.fetchone()
print cur.fetchone()
cur.scroll(-1,mode='relative')
print cur.fetchone()
print cur.fetchone()
cur.scroll(0,mode='absolute')
print cur.fetchone()
print cur.fetchone()
cur.close()
conn.close()
print reCount
# ############################## fetchall ##############################
import MySQLdb
conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')
#cur = conn.cursor(cursorclass = MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor)
cur = conn.cursor()
reCount = cur.execute('select Name,Address from UserInfo')
nRet = cur.fetchall()
cur.close()
conn.close()
print reCount
print nRet
for i in nRet:
print i[0],i[1]
出處：http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi/