堡壘機實例以及數據庫操作

堡壘機前戲

開發堡壘機之前，先來學習Python的paramiko模塊，該模塊機遇SSH用於連接遠程服務器並執行相關操作

SSHClient

用於連接遠程服務器並執行基本命令

基於用戶名密碼連接：

import paramiko
  
# 創建SSH對象
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
# 允許連接不在know_hosts文件中的主機
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
# 連接服務器
ssh.connect(hostname='c1.salt.com', port=22, username='wupeiqi', password='123')
  
# 執行命令,輸入，輸出
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')
# 獲取命令結果
stdin.write("fsalg")#執行命令
stdin.flush()

result = stdout.read()#拿到結果
  
# 關閉連接
ssh.close()

　　

import paramiko

transport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname', 22))
transport.connect(username='szw', password='123')

ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh._transport = transport

stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')
print stdout.read()

transport.close()

基於公鑰密鑰連接：

import paramiko
 
private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa')
 
# 創建SSH對象
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
# 允許連接不在know_hosts文件中的主機
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
# 連接服務器
ssh.connect(hostname='c1.salt.com', port=22, username='wupeiqi', key=private_key)
 
# 執行命令
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')
# 獲取命令結果
result = stdout.read()
 
# 關閉連接
ssh.close()

　　SSHClient 封裝 Transport

import paramiko

private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa')

transport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname', 22))
transport.connect(username='wupeiqi', pkey=private_key)

ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh._transport = transport

stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')

transport.close()

基於私鑰字符串進行連接

import paramiko
from io import StringIO

key_str = """-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----"""
#相當於open
#   f=StringIO(key_str)
#   f.read()
private_key = paramiko.RSAKey(file_obj=StringIO(key_str))
transport = paramiko.Transport(('10.0.1.40', 22))
transport.connect(username='wupeiqi', pkey=private_key)

ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh._transport = transport

stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')
result = stdout.read()

transport.close()

print(result)

基於私鑰字符串進行連接

SFTPClient

用於連接遠程服務器並執行上傳下載

基於用戶名密碼上傳下載

import paramiko
 
transport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname',22))
transport.connect(username='szw',password='123')
 
sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
# 將location.py 上傳至服務器 /tmp/test.py
sftp.put('/tmp/location.py', '/tmp/test.py')
# 將remove_path 下載到本地 local_path
sftp.get('remove_path', 'local_path')
 
transport.close()

　　基於公鑰密鑰上傳下載

import paramiko
 
private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa')#也可以改成字符串的密鑰形式
 
transport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname', 22))
transport.connect(username='wupeiqi', pkey=private_key )
 
sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
# 將location.py 上傳至服務器 /tmp/test.py
sftp.put('/tmp/location.py', '/tmp/test.py')
# 將remove_path 下載到本地 local_path
sftp.get('remove_path', 'local_path')
 
transport.close()

 

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import paramiko
import uuid

class Haproxy(object):

    def __init__(self):#封裝了主機名
        self.host = '172.16.103.191'
        self.port = 22
        self.username = 'wupeiqi'
        self.pwd = '123'
        self.__k = None

    def create_file(self):
        file_name = str(uuid.uuid4())
        with open(file_name,'w') as f:
            f.write('sb')
        return file_name

    def run(self):
        self.connect()
        self.upload()
        self.rename()
        self.close()

    def connect(self):
        transport = paramiko.Transport((self.host,self.port))
        transport.connect(username=self.username,password=self.pwd)
        self.__transport = transport

    def close(self):

        self.__transport.close()

    def upload(self):
        # 連接，上傳
        file_name = self.create_file()

        sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(self.__transport)    
        # 將location.py 上傳至服務器 /tmp/test.py
        sftp.put(file_name, '/home/wupeiqi/tttttttttttt.py')

    def rename(self):

        ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
        ssh._transport = self.__transport
        # 執行命令
        stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('mv /home/wupeiqi/tttttttttttt.py /home/wupeiqi/ooooooooo.py')
        # 獲取命令結果
        result = stdout.read()


ha = Haproxy()
ha.run()

　　

堡壘機的實現 

實現思路：

堡壘機執行流程：

1. 管理員為用戶在服務器上創建賬號（將公鑰放置服務器，或者使用用戶名密碼）
2. 用戶登陸堡壘機，輸入堡壘機用戶名密碼，現實當前用戶管理的服務器列表
3. 用戶選擇服務器，並自動登陸
4. 執行操作並同時將用戶操作記錄

注：配置.brashrc實現ssh登陸后自動執行腳本，如：/usr/bin/python /home/wupeiqi/menu.py

實現過程

步驟一，實現用戶登陸

 

import getpass
 
user = raw_input('username:')
pwd = getpass.getpass('password')
if user == 'alex' and pwd == '123':
    print '登陸成功'
else:
    print '登陸失敗'

步驟二，根據用戶獲取相關服務器列表

 

dic = {
    'alex': [
        '172.16.103.189',
        'c10.puppet.com',
        'c11.puppet.com',
    ],
    'eric': [
        'c100.puppet.com',
    ]
}
 
host_list = dic['alex']
 
print 'please select:'
for index, item in enumerate(host_list, 1):
    print index, item
 
inp = raw_input('your select (No):')
inp = int(inp)
hostname = host_list[inp-1]
port = 22

步驟三，根據用戶名、私鑰登陸服務器

 

tran = paramiko.Transport((hostname, port,))
tran.start_client()
default_path = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.ssh', 'id_rsa')
key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(default_path)
tran.auth_publickey('wupeiqi', key)
 
# 打開一個通道
chan = tran.open_session()
# 獲取一個終端
chan.get_pty()
# 激活器
chan.invoke_shell()
 
#########
# 利用sys.stdin,肆意妄為執行操作
# 用戶在終端輸入內容，並將內容發送至遠程服務器
# 遠程服務器執行命令，並將結果返回
# 用戶終端顯示內容
#########
 
chan.close()
tran.close()

while True:
    # 監視用戶輸入和服務器返回數據
    # sys.stdin 處理用戶輸入
    # chan 是之前創建的通道，用於接收服務器返回信息
    readable, writeable, error = select.select([chan, sys.stdin, ],[],[],1)
    if chan in readable:
        try:
            x = chan.recv(1024)
            if len(x) == 0:
                print '\r\n*** EOF\r\n',
                break
            sys.stdout.write(x)
            sys.stdout.flush()
        except socket.timeout:
            pass
    if sys.stdin in readable:
        inp = sys.stdin.readline()
        chan.sendall(inp)

# 獲取原tty屬性
oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin)
try:
    # 為tty設置新屬性
    # 默認當前tty設備屬性：
    #   輸入一行回車，執行
    #   CTRL+C 進程退出，遇到特殊字符，特殊處理。

    # 這是為原始模式，不認識所有特殊符號
    # 放置特殊字符應用在當前終端，如此設置，將所有的用戶輸入均發送到遠程服務器
    tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno())
    chan.settimeout(0.0)

    while True:
        # 監視 用戶輸入 和 遠程服務器返回數據（socket）
        # 阻塞，直到句柄可讀
        r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], [], 1)
        if chan in r:
            try:
                x = chan.recv(1024)
                if len(x) == 0:
                    print '\r\n*** EOF\r\n',
                    break
                sys.stdout.write(x)
                sys.stdout.flush()
            except socket.timeout:
                pass
        if sys.stdin in r:
            x = sys.stdin.read(1)
            if len(x) == 0:
                break
            chan.send(x)

finally:
    # 重新設置終端屬性
    termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty)

def windows_shell(chan):
    import threading

    sys.stdout.write("Line-buffered terminal emulation. Press F6 or ^Z to send EOF.\r\n\r\n")

    def writeall(sock):
        while True:
            data = sock.recv(256)
            if not data:
                sys.stdout.write('\r\n*** EOF ***\r\n\r\n')
                sys.stdout.flush()
                break
            sys.stdout.write(data)
            sys.stdout.flush()

    writer = threading.Thread(target=writeall, args=(chan,))
    writer.start()

    try:
        while True:
            d = sys.stdin.read(1)
            if not d:
                break
            chan.send(d)
    except EOFError:
        # user hit ^Z or F6
        pass

注：密碼驗證 t.auth_password(username, pw)

詳見：paramiko源碼demo

數據庫操作

Python 操作 Mysql 模塊的安裝

linux：
    yum install MySQL-python
 
window：
    http://files.cnblogs.com/files/wupeiqi/py-mysql-win.zip

SQL基本使用

1、數據庫操作

 

show databases;
use [databasename];
create database  [name];

2、數據表操作

 

show tables;
 
create table students
    (
        id int  not null auto_increment primary key,
        name char(8) not null,
        sex char(4) not null,
        age tinyint unsigned not null,
        tel char(13) null default "-"
    );

CREATE TABLE `wb_blog` ( 
    `id` smallint(8) unsigned NOT NULL, 
    `catid` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', 
    `title` varchar(80) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', 
    `content` text NOT NULL, 
    PRIMARY KEY (`id`), 
    UNIQUE KEY `catename` (`catid`) 
) ; 

3、數據操作

insert into students(name,sex,age,tel) values('alex','man',18,'151515151')
 
delete from students where id =2;
 
update students set name = 'sb' where id =1;
 
select * from students

4、其他

 

主鍵
外鍵
左右連接

Python MySQL API

一、插入數據

import MySQLdb
  
conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')
  
cur = conn.cursor()
  
reCount = cur.execute('insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%s,%s)',('alex','usa'))
# reCount = cur.execute('insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%(id)s, %(name)s)',{'id':12345,'name':'wupeiqi'})
  
conn.commit()
  
cur.close()
conn.close()
  
print reCount

import MySQLdb

conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')

cur = conn.cursor()

li =[
     ('alex','usa'),
     ('sb','usa'),
]
reCount = cur.executemany('insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%s,%s)',li)

conn.commit()
cur.close()
conn.close()

print reCount

注意：cur.lastrowid

二、刪除數據

import MySQLdb
 
conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')
 
cur = conn.cursor()
 
reCount = cur.execute('delete from UserInfo')
 
conn.commit()
 
cur.close()
conn.close()
 
print reCount

三、修改數據

 

import MySQLdb
 
conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')
 
cur = conn.cursor()
 
reCount = cur.execute('update UserInfo set Name = %s',('alin',))
 
conn.commit()
cur.close()
conn.close()
 
print reCount

四、查數據

 

# ############################## fetchone/fetchmany(num)  ##############################
 
import MySQLdb
 
conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')
cur = conn.cursor()
 
reCount = cur.execute('select * from UserInfo')
 
print cur.fetchone()
print cur.fetchone()
cur.scroll(-1,mode='relative')
print cur.fetchone()
print cur.fetchone()
cur.scroll(0,mode='absolute')
print cur.fetchone()
print cur.fetchone()
 
cur.close()
conn.close()
 
print reCount
 
 
 
# ############################## fetchall  ##############################
 
import MySQLdb
 
conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')
#cur = conn.cursor(cursorclass = MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor)
cur = conn.cursor()
 
reCount = cur.execute('select Name,Address from UserInfo')
 
nRet = cur.fetchall()
 
cur.close()
conn.close()
 
print reCount
print nRet
for i in nRet:
    print i[0],i[1]