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Python之路 堡壘機實例以及數據庫操作

本文轉載自   查看原文   2016-01-13 16:09   2250 

一、paramiko模塊介紹

開發堡壘機之前，先來學習Python 的paramiko模塊，該模塊和SSH用於連接遠程服務器並執行相關操作

SSH client 用於連接遠程服務器並執行基本命令

基於用戶名和密碼的SSH連接代碼如下：

 

 1 import paramiko
 2 
 3 ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() #創建SSH對象。
 4 ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())   #允許連接不在know_hosts文件中的主機
 5 ssh.connect(hostname="10.249.1.230",port=22,username="root",password="123456")   #連接服務器
 6 stdin,stdout,stderr = ssh.exec_command("df")        #執行命令
 7 result = stdout.read()      #獲取命令結果
 8 
 9 ssh.close()     #關閉連接
10 print result

執行結果：

C:\Python27\python.exe E:/code/homework/sshclient.py
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
9385620 1195720 7713128 14% /
tmpfs 2009884 0 2009884 0% /dev/shm
/dev/vda1 396672 30048 346144 8% /boot

 

SSH基於用戶名和密碼的連接，實現二：

 1 import paramiko
 2 transport = paramiko.Transport(("10.249.1.230",22))
 3 transport.connect(username="root",password="123456")
 4 ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
 5 ssh._transport = transport
 6 
 7 #stdin,stdout,stderr = ssh.exec_command("df")
 8 stdin,stdout,stderr = ssh.exec_command("df")
 9 print stdout.read()
10 #print stdout.read()
11 transport.close()

 

二、堡壘機的實現

2.1、實現思路：

 

2.2、堡壘機執行流程：

1、管理員為用戶在服務器上創建賬號（將公鑰放置在服務器，或者使用用戶名和密碼的認證）；

2、用戶登錄堡壘機，輸入用戶名和密碼，實現當前用戶管理的服務器列表；

3、用戶選擇需要登錄的服務器，並實現自動登錄；

4、執行相應的操作並將用戶所有的操作記錄的審計平台。

2.3、堡壘機實現過程

步驟一：實現用戶登錄：

1 import getpass
2 user = raw_input("username:")
3 pwd =getpass.getpass("password")
4 if user =="root" and pwd =="123":
5     print "登錄成功"
6 else:
7     print "登錄失敗"

步驟二：根據用戶獲取相關服務器列表：

 1 dic = {
 2     "root":[
 3         "10.249.1.230",
 4         "10.249.1.231",
 5         "www.baidu.com",
 6     ],
 7     "eric":[
 8         "10.249.1.244",
 9     ]
10 }
11 
12 host_list = dic["root"]
13 
14 print "please select:"
15 for index,item in enumerate(host_list,1):
16     print index,item
17 
18 inp = raw_input("your select (No):")
19 inp = input(inp)
20 hostname = host_list[inp-1]
21 port =22

步驟三：根據用戶名、私鑰登錄服務器

 1 tran = paramiko.Transport((hostname,port,))
 2 tran.start_client()
 3 default_path = os.path.join(os.environ["HOME"],".ssh","id_rsa")
 4 key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(default_path)
 5 tran.auth_publickey("jason",key)
 6 
 7 chan = tran.open_session()      #打開一個通道
 8 chan.get_pty()                  #獲取一個終端
 9 chan.invoke_shell()             #激活器
10 
11 """
12 利用sys.stdin,肆意妄為執行操作
13 用戶在終端輸入內容，並將內容發送到遠程服務器
14 遠程服務器執行命令，並將結果返回
15 在用戶終端顯示內容
16 """
17 
18 chan.close()
19 tran.close()

建立連接之后，就開始傳輸數據了，來看下面的實現方式吧！！！！！

實現方式：

 1 while True:
 2     """
 3     監視用戶輸入和服務器返回數據
 4     sys.stdin 處理用戶輸入
 5     chan 是之前創建的通道，用於接收服務器返回信息
 6     """
 7     readable,writeable,error = select.select([chan,sys.stdin,],[],[],1)
 8     if chan in readable:
 9         try:
10             x = chan.recv(1024)
11             if len(x) ==0:
12                 print "\r\n*** EOF\r\n",
13                 break
14             sys.stdout.write(x)
15             sys.stdout.flush()
16         except socket.timeout:
17             pass
18     if sys.stdin in readable:
19         inp = sys.stdin.readable()
20         chan.sendall(inp)

 

3、數據庫的基本操作

3.1創建數據庫：create database [name];  例如：create database messi;    這樣就創建了一個數據庫名稱為：messi.一定要記得后面要加（；）分好哦。。

3.2 使用這個數據庫   use messi; 　　即：使用剛剛創建的messi數據庫

3.3、在數據庫中創建數據表，操作如下：記住：創建數據表的時候如下代碼第3行，一定要輸入幾個空格，並使后面的內容對齊哦。如下代碼所示：

 1 mysql> create table students
 2     -> (
 3     ->     id int not null auto_increment primary key,
 4     ->     name char(8) not null,
 5     ->     sex char(4) not null,
 6     ->     age tinyint unsigned not null,
 7     ->     tel char(13) null default "-"
 8     -> );
 9 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
10 
11 mysql>


mysql> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_xiaoluo |
+-------------------+
| students |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

3.4、數據操作：

 插入數據操作：

 1 mysql> insert into students(name,sex,age,tel) values("oliver","F",22,"1310000000")
 2     -> ;
 3 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
 4 
 5 mysql> select * from students;
 6 +----+--------+-----+-----+------------+
 7 | id | name   | sex | age | tel        |
 8 +----+--------+-----+-----+------------+
 9 |  1 | oliver | F   |  22 | 1310000000 |
10 +----+--------+-----+-----+------------+
11 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

刪除數據操作：

   mysql> delete from students where id = 2;
   Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

更新數據操作：

　　mysql> update students set tel = "1320000000" where name = "jason";Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
　　Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0

查詢數據操作：

mysql> select * from students;
+----+--------+-----+-----+------------+
| id | name | sex | age | tel |
+----+--------+-----+-----+------------+
| 1 | oliver | F | 22 | 1310000000 |
| 5 | jason | M | 18 | 1320000000 |
| 3 | alice | M | 37 | 1330000000 |
| 4 | cindy | F | 27 | 1340000000 |
| 6 | anny | M | 18 | 1350000000 |
| 7 | rice | M | 18 | 1350000000 |
| 8 | bily | M | 27 | 1370000000 |
+----+--------+-----+-----+------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

3.5、Python MySQL API

3.5.1、插入數據

1 import MySQLdb
2 conn = MySQLdb.connect(host="127.0.0.1",user="root",passwd="123.com",db="xiaoluo")
3 cur = conn.cursor()
4 reCount = cur.execute("insert into students(name,sex,age,tel) values(%s,%s,%s,%s)",("jet","M",30,"139999999"))
5 conn.commit()
6 cur.close()
7 conn.close()
8 
9 print reCount

程序運行結果如下：

mysql> select * from students;
+----+--------+-----+-----+------------+
| id | name | sex | age | tel |
+----+--------+-----+-----+------------+
| 1 | oliver | F | 22 | 1310000000 |
| 5 | jason | M | 18 | 1320000000 |
| 3 | alice | M | 37 | 1330000000 |
| 4 | cindy | F | 27 | 1340000000 |
| 6 | anny | M | 18 | 1350000000 |
| 7 | rice | M | 18 | 1350000000 |
| 8 | bily | M | 27 | 1370000000 |
| 9 | alex | M | 23 | 131111111 |
| 10 | jet | M | 30 | 139999999 |
+----+--------+-----+-----+------------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

3.5.2 批量數據插入：

 1  1 import MySQLdb
 2  2 conn = MySQLdb.connect(host="127.0.0.1",user="root",passwd="123.com",db="xiaoluo")
 3  3 cur = conn.cursor()
 4  4 #reCount = cur.execute("insert into students(name,sex,age,tel) values(%s,%s,%s,%s)",("jet","M",30,"139999999"))
 5  5 li=[
 6  6     ("AAA","F",31,"138111"),
 7  7     ("BBB","F",32,"138222"),
 8  8     ("CCC","M",33,"138333"),
 9  9 ]
10 10 reCount = cur.executemany("insert into students(name,sex,age,tel) values(%s,%s,%s,%s)",li)
11 11 
12 12 
13 13 conn.commit()
14 14 
15 15 cur.close()
16 16 conn.close()
17 17 
18 18 print reCount
19 
20 插入結果如下所示：
21 mysql> select * from students;
22 +----+--------+-----+-----+------------+
23 | id | name | sex | age | tel |
24 +----+--------+-----+-----+------------+
25 | 1 | oliver | F | 22 | 1310000000 |
26 | 5 | jason | M | 18 | 1320000000 |
27 | 3 | alice | M | 37 | 1330000000 |
28 | 4 | cindy | F | 27 | 1340000000 |
29 | 6 | anny | M | 18 | 1350000000 |
30 | 7 | rice | M | 18 | 1350000000 |
31 | 8 | bily | M | 27 | 1370000000 |
32 | 9 | alex | M | 23 | 131111111 |
33 | 10 | jet | M | 30 | 139999999 |
34 | 11 | AAA | F | 31 | 138111 |
35 | 12 | BBB | F | 32 | 138222 |
36 | 13 | CCC | M | 33 | 138333 |
37 +----+--------+-----+-----+------------+
38 12 rows in set (0.00 sec)
批量插入數據

3.5.3 刪除表：student的id==1的條目 數據：

 1 import MySQLdb
 2 conn = MySQLdb.connect(host="127.0.0.1",user="root",passwd="123.com",db="xiaoluo")
 3 cur = conn.cursor()
 4 values(%s,%s,%s,%s)",("jet","M",30,"139999999"))
 5 students(name,sex,age,tel) values(%s,%s,%s,%s)",li)
 6 reCount = cur.execute("delete from students where id =1")
 7 
 8 conn.commit()
 9 
10 cur.close()
11 conn.close()
12 
13 print reCount
14 ~                                                                                                                     
15 ~

3.5.4 修改student中的所有名字為alin

 1 import MySQLdb
 2 conn = MySQLdb.connect(host="127.0.0.1",user="root",passwd="123.com",db="xiaoluo")
 3 cur = conn.cursor()
 4 
 5 
 6 reCount = cur.execute("update students set name=%s",("alin",))
 7 
 8 
 9 conn.commit()
10 
11 cur.close()
12 conn.close()
13 
14 print reCount

執行結果：

mysql> select * from students;
+----+------+-----+-----+------------+
| id | name | sex | age | tel |
+----+------+-----+-----+------------+
| 5 | alin | M | 18 | 1320000000 |
| 3 | alin | M | 37 | 1330000000 |
| 4 | alin | F | 27 | 1340000000 |
| 6 | alin | M | 18 | 1350000000 |
| 7 | alin | M | 18 | 1350000000 |
| 8 | alin | M | 27 | 1370000000 |
| 9 | alin | M | 23 | 131111111 |
| 10 | alin | M | 30 | 139999999 |
| 11 | alin | F | 31 | 138111 |
| 12 | alin | F | 32 | 138222 |
| 13 | alin | M | 33 | 138333 |
+----+------+-----+-----+------------+
11 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

3.5.5 查詢數據

 1 import MySQLdb
 2 conn = MySQLdb.connect(host="127.0.0.1",user="root",passwd="123.com",db="xiaoluo")
 3 cur = conn.cursor()

12 

14 reCount =cur.execute("select * from students")
15 print cur.fetchone()
16 print cur.fetchone()
17 cur.scroll(-1,mode="relative")
18 print cur.fetchone()
19 print cur.fetchone()
20 cur.scroll(0,mode="absolute")
21 print cur.fetchone()
22 print cur.fetchone()
原數據庫表結構：

mysql> select * from students;
+----+------+-----+-----+------------+
| id | name | sex | age | tel |
+----+------+-----+-----+------------+
| 5 | alin | M | 18 | 1320000000 |
| 3 | alin | M | 37 | 1330000000 |
| 4 | alin | F | 27 | 1340000000 |
| 6 | alin | M | 18 | 1350000000 |
| 7 | alin | M | 18 | 1350000000 |
| 8 | alin | M | 27 | 1370000000 |
| 9 | alin | M | 23 | 131111111 |
| 10 | alin | M | 30 | 139999999 |
| 11 | alin | F | 31 | 138111 |
| 12 | alin | F | 32 | 138222 |
| 13 | alin | M | 33 | 138333 |
+----+------+-----+-----+------------+
11 rows in set (0.00 sec)



執行結果：

[root@centos6 lab]# python mysql.py
(5L, 'alin', 'M', 18, '1320000000')
(3L, 'alin', 'M', 37, '1330000000')
(3L, 'alin', 'M', 37, '1330000000')
(4L, 'alin', 'F', 27, '1340000000')
(5L, 'alin', 'M', 18, '1320000000')
(3L, 'alin', 'M', 37, '1330000000')
11

 


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