5.1 ReadMe
此文線程和任務可以理解為一個意思;
Java中一般通過CountDownLantch和CyclicBarrier來解決線程(任務)之間依賴的問題,柵欄特指CyclicBarrier類,因為CountDownLatch可以實現類似功能,所以在此放到一塊講解;
在任務A依賴任務B的這種場景可以使用Object的wait和notify來實現,但是如果任務A依賴任務B、C、D多個任務的場景,使用Object的wait和notify就難以實現,例如運動會10個人長跑(看作10個長跑任務),公布總排名這個任務就依賴至少9個長跑任務結束,這種場景適合使用CountDownLatch;
結合實際開發過程,更多的場景是A、B、C多個任務同時執行,但是A、B、C任務在執行過程中的某一個點相互依賴,例如一個需求分為前段開發和后端開發,前后端開始聯調的時間點就是2個任務相互依賴的點,這種場景適合使用CyclicBarrier;
5.2 CountDownLatch
Latch是門閂的意思,要打開門需要打開門上的所有門閂,CountDownLatch可以理解為一個有多個門閂的門,每個門閂需要一個的線程打開;
代碼實現舉例:

1 import java.security.SecureRandom; 2 import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch; 3 import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; 4 import java.util.concurrent.Executors; 5 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; 6 7 /** 8 * CountDownLatch實例 9 */ 10 public class DemoCountDownLatch { 11 12 //參賽人數 / 門閂個數 13 private static final int COUNT_RUNNER = 3; 14 15 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { 16 17 // 3人參加比賽 / 創建一個有3個門閂的門 18 CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(COUNT_RUNNER); 19 20 // 創建3人跑道 / 裝上門 21 ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(COUNT_RUNNER); 22 23 for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { 24 executorService.submit(new Runner("runner" + i, countDownLatch)); 25 } 26 27 // 等待3人跑到終點 / 把3個門閂都鎖上 28 countDownLatch.await(); 29 30 // 公布3人成績 / 打開門了 31 System.out.println("all runner game over."); 32 } 33 34 static class Runner implements Runnable { 35 36 private String name; 37 38 private CountDownLatch countDownLatch; 39 40 public Runner(String name, CountDownLatch countDownLatch) { 41 this.name = name; 42 this.countDownLatch = countDownLatch; 43 } 44 45 @Override 46 public void run() { 47 try { 48 SecureRandom secureRandom = SecureRandom.getInstanceStrong(); 49 int runTime = Math.abs(secureRandom.nextInt()) % 10; 50 TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(runTime); 51 System.out.println(this.name + " game over cost " + runTime + " second."); 52 } catch (Exception e) { 53 e.printStackTrace(); 54 } 55 56 // 跑到終點 / 打開門閂 57 this.countDownLatch.countDown(); 58 } 59 } 60 }
說明:
1. 一個CountDownLatch對象后只能使用一次,也就是說不能工作同一個CountDownLatch對象來重復控制線程的依賴問題;
2.上面的例子中如果有長跑運動員中途放棄比賽,是否永遠不能公布總的比賽成績? CountDownLatch的await可以有入參(timeout, TimeUnit)表示最長等待時間;
5.3 CyclicBarrier
CyclicBarrier是循環柵欄的的意思,循環表示同一個CyclicBarrier可以重復使用(區別於CountDownLatch),Barrier柵欄可以理解為線程相互依賴的那個點(例如前后端聯調時間點),各個線程在那個點相互等待,等所有線程到達點后才繼續執行;
代碼實現舉例:

1 import java.time.Instant; 2 import java.util.concurrent.*; 3 4 /** 5 * 前端開發倩倩和后端開發厚厚開發一個需求 6 * 兩人先獨自開發需求,等都開發完再一塊聯調功能 7 */ 8 public class DemoCyclicBarrier 9 { 10 public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException 11 { 12 13 // 創建柵欄,參數一為相互依賴的任務數;參數二為各任務到達依賴點后先執行的任務,等任務執行結束相互依賴的任務繼續執行 14 CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier = new CyclicBarrier(2, () -> { 15 System.out.println("准備開始聯調吧..."); 16 lastSecond(3L); 17 }); 18 19 // 創建線程池執行2個任務 20 ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2); 21 executorService.execute(new Coder(10L, "后端", cyclicBarrier)); 22 executorService.execute(new Coder(3L, "前端", cyclicBarrier)); 23 } 24 25 /** 26 * 線程持續second秒 27 */ 28 private static void lastSecond(long second) 29 { 30 Instant instant = Instant.now(); 31 while (Instant.now().minusSeconds(second).isBefore(instant)) 32 { 33 } 34 } 35 36 static class Coder implements Runnable 37 { 38 // 完成工作需要的時間 39 private long workTime; 40 41 private String name; 42 43 private CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier; 44 45 public Coder(long workTime, String name, CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier) 46 { 47 this.workTime = workTime; 48 this.name = name; 49 this.cyclicBarrier = cyclicBarrier; 50 } 51 52 @Override 53 public void run() 54 { 55 try 56 { 57 System.out.println(this.name + " are coding..."); 58 lastSecond(this.workTime); 59 System.out.println(this.name + " code end wait debugging.."); 60 // 完成工作/到達依賴的點/我這邊可以開始聯調了 61 this.cyclicBarrier.await(); 62 System.out.println("we are debugging.."); 63 64 } 65 catch (InterruptedException e) 66 { 67 // 當前線程被中斷 68 e.printStackTrace(); 69 } 70 catch (BrokenBarrierException e) 71 { 72 // 1.其他線程中斷;2.其他線程await方法超時;3.cyclicBarrier重置 73 e.printStackTrace(); 74 } 75 // catch (TimeoutException e) 76 // { 77 // //當前線程的await方法超時(await方法設置超時參數) 78 // e.printStackTrace(); 79 // } 80 } 81 } 82 }
說明:
1.CyclicBarrier作為循環柵欄,同一個對象可以循環使用;
2.上面例子中前端開發人員很短時間開發結束,通過await()一直在等待后端開發結束,可以通過await(timeout, TimeUnit)來設置最長等待時間;
3. 可以通過CyclicBarrier的getNumberWaiting()查看到達依賴點的任務;
4.CyclicBarrier構造方法的第二個參數指定的任務A,在其他相互依賴的任務到達依賴點后,任務A優先執行,並且是執行結束,其他任務才繼續執行;
5.4 CyclicBarrier&CountDownLatch舉例

1 import java.time.Instant; 2 import java.util.concurrent.*; 3 4 public class Demo_CyclicBarrier_CountDownLatch 5 { 6 private static final int COUNT_WORKER = 2; 7 8 public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException 9 { 10 CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(COUNT_WORKER); 11 CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier = new CyclicBarrier(COUNT_WORKER, () -> { 12 System.out.println("准備開始聯調吧..."); 13 lastSecond(3L); 14 }); 15 16 ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2); 17 executorService.execute(new Coder(10L, "后端", countDownLatch, cyclicBarrier)); 18 executorService.execute(new Coder(3L, "前端", countDownLatch, cyclicBarrier)); 19 20 countDownLatch.await(); 21 System.out.println("開發聯調結束,需求交付..."); 22 } 23 24 /** 25 * 線程持續second秒 26 */ 27 private static void lastSecond(long second) 28 { 29 Instant instant = Instant.now(); 30 while (Instant.now().minusSeconds(second).isBefore(instant)) 31 { 32 } 33 } 34 35 static class Coder implements Runnable 36 { 37 // 開發聯調時間 38 private long workTime; 39 40 private String name; 41 42 private CountDownLatch countDownLatch; 43 44 private CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier; 45 46 public Coder(long workTime, String name, CountDownLatch countDownLatch, CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier) 47 { 48 this.workTime = workTime; 49 this.name = name; 50 this.countDownLatch = countDownLatch; 51 this.cyclicBarrier = cyclicBarrier; 52 } 53 54 @Override 55 public void run() 56 { 57 try 58 { 59 System.out.println(this.name + " are coding..."); 60 lastSecond(this.workTime); 61 System.out.println(this.name + " code end wait debugging.."); 62 63 this.cyclicBarrier.await(); 64 65 System.out.println(this.name + " are debugging.."); 66 lastSecond(this.workTime); 67 68 System.out.println(this.name + " debug end.."); 69 this.countDownLatch.countDown(); 70 } 71 catch (Exception e) 72 { 73 e.printStackTrace(); 74 } 75 } 76 } 77 }