閉鎖:一個同步輔助類,在完成一組正在其他線程中執行的操作之前,它允許一個或多個線程一直等待。即,一組線程等待某一事件發生,事件沒有發生前,所有線程將阻塞等待;而事件發生后,所有線程將開始執行;閉鎖最初處於封閉狀態,當事件發生后閉鎖將被打開,一旦打開,閉鎖將永遠處於打開狀態。
閉鎖CountDownLatch
唯一的構造方法CountDownLatch(int count)
,當在閉鎖上調用countDown()
方法時,閉鎖的計數器將減1,當閉鎖計數器為0時,閉鎖將打開,所有線程將通過閉鎖開始執行。
柵欄:一個同步輔助類,它允許一組線程互相等待,直到到達某個公共屏障點。利用柵欄,可以使線程相互等待,直到所有線程都到達某一點,然后柵欄將打開,所有線程將通過柵欄繼續執行。CyclicBarrier支持一個可選的 Runnable
參數,當線程通過柵欄時,runnable對象將被調用。構造函數CyclicBarrier(int parties, Runnable barrierAction)
,當線程在CyclicBarrier對象上調用await()
方法時,柵欄的計數器將增加1,當計數器為parties
時,柵欄將打開。
區別:閉鎖用於所有線程等待一個外部事件的發生;柵欄則是所有線程相互等待,直到所有線程都到達某一點時才打開柵欄,然后線程可以繼續執行。
閉鎖示例:
有五個人,一個裁判。這五個人同時跑,裁判開始計時,五個人都到終點了,裁判喊停,然后統計這五個人從開始跑到最后一個撞線用了多長時間。
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch; public class Race { public static void main(String[] args) { final int num = 5; final CountDownLatch begin = new CountDownLatch(1); final CountDownLatch end = new CountDownLatch(num); for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) { new Thread(new AWorker(i, begin, end)).start(); } // judge prepare... try { Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 5000)); } catch (InterruptedException e1) { e1.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("judge say : run !"); begin.countDown(); long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); try { end.await(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("judge say : all arrived !"); System.out.println("spend time: " + (endTime - startTime)); } } } class AWorker implements Runnable { final CountDownLatch begin; final CountDownLatch end; final int id; public AWorker(final int id, final CountDownLatch begin, final CountDownLatch end) { this.id = id; this.begin = begin; this.end = end; } @Override public void run() { try { System.out.println(this.id + " ready !"); begin.await(); // run... Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 10000)); } catch (Throwable e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { System.out.println(this.id + " arrived !"); end.countDown(); } } }
柵欄示例:
還是這五個人(這五個人真無聊..),這次沒裁判。規定五個人只要都跑到終點了,大家可以喝啤酒。但是,只要有一個人沒到終點,就不能喝。 這里也沒有要求大家要同時起跑(當然也可以,加latch)。
import java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException; import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier; public class Beer { public static void main(String[] args) { final int count = 5; final CyclicBarrier barrier = new CyclicBarrier(count, new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { System.out.println("drink beer!"); } }); // they do not have to start at the same time... for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { new Thread(new Worker(i, barrier)).start(); } } } class Worker implements Runnable { final int id; final CyclicBarrier barrier; public Worker(final int id, final CyclicBarrier barrier) { this.id = id; this.barrier = barrier; } @Override public void run() { try { System.out.println(this.id + "starts to run !"); Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 10000)); System.out.println(this.id + "arrived !"); this.barrier.await(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }